Mishneh Torah, Introduction, English/ Hebrew. PDF version PDF
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The Rambam's Mishneh Torah - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/682956/jewish/Mishneh... The Rambam's Mishneh Torah Translated by Eliyahu Touger Introduction to Mishneh Torah Positive Commandments Negative Commandments Listing of Mitzvos Sefer Madda The Book of Knowledge Yesodei haTorah Teshuvah De'ot Talmud Torah Avodat Kochavim Sefer Ahavah The Book of the Love of G-d Kri'at Shema Berachot Tefilah and Birkat Kohanim Milah Tefillin, Mezuzah and Sefer Torah Order of Prayers Tzitzit Sefer Zemanim The Book of Times Shabbat Chametz U'Matzah Eruvin Shofar, Sukkah, vLulav Shevitat Asor Shekalim Shevitat Yom Tov View All 10 Sefer Nashim The Book of Women Ishut Sotah Gerushin Yibbum vChalitzah Naarah Betulah 1 of 4 9/1/2019 3:00 AM The Rambam's Mishneh Torah - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/682956/jewish/Mishneh... Sefer Kedushah The Book of Holiness Issurei Biah Ma'achalot Assurot Shechitah Sefer Hafla'ah The Book of Promises. Shvuot Nedarim Nezirut Arachim Vacharamim Sefer Zeraim The Book of Seeds Kilaayim Maaser Sheini Matnot Aniyim Bikkurim Terumot Shemita Maaser Sefer Avodah The Book of Service Beit Habechirah Maaseh Hakorbanot Klei Hamikdash Temidin uMusafim Biat Hamikdash Pesulei Hamukdashim Issurei Mizbeiach View All 9 Sefer Korbanot The Book of Sacrifices Korban Pesach Mechussarey Kapparah Chagigah Temurah Bechorot Shegagot Sefer Taharah The Book of Ritual Purity Tum'at Met She'ar Avot haTum'ah Parah Adumah Tum'at Okhalin Tum'at Tsara'at Kelim Metamme'ey Mishkav uMoshav Mikvaot 2 of 4 9/1/2019 3:00 AM The Rambam's Mishneh Torah - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/682956/jewish/Mishneh... Sefer Nezikim The Book of Injuries Hilchot Nizkei Mamon Rotzeach uShmirat Nefesh Genevah Gezelah va'Avedah Chovel uMazzik Sefer Kinyan The Book of Acquisition Mechirah Avadim Zechiyah uMattanah Shechenim Sheluchin veShuttafin Sefer Mishpatim The Book of Judgments Sechirut Nachalot She'elah uFikkadon Malveh veLoveh To`en veNit`an Sefer Shoftim The Book of Judges Sanhedrin veha`Onashin haMesurin lahem Melachim uMilchamot Edut Mamrim Avel 3 of 4 9/1/2019 3:00 AM The Rambam's Mishneh Torah - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/682956/jewish/Mishneh... 4 of 4 9/1/2019 3:00 AM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... Positive Commandments Translated by Eliyahu Touger SHOW CONTENT IN: Both English Hebrew « Previous Next » Introduction to Mishneh Torah Negative Commandments The first of the positive commandments is the עדיל ,השע תווצממ הנושאר הוצמ mitzvah to know that there is a God, as [Exodus 'ה יכונא" רמאנש ,הולא םש שיש 20:2] states: "I am God, your Lord." .(ו,ה םירבד ;ב,כ תומש) "ךיהולא To unify Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:4] states: "God is 'ה ,וניהולא 'ה" רמאנש ,ודחייל our Lord, God is one." .(ד,ו םירבד) "דחא To love Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:5] states: "And you 'ה תא ,תבהאו" רמאנש ,ובהואל shall love God, your Lord." .(א,אי םירבד ;ה,ו םירבד) "ךיהולא To fear Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:13] states: "Fear ךיהולא 'ה תא" רמאנש ,ונממ האריל God, your Lord." .(כ,י םירבד ;גי,ו םירבד) "ארית To pray, as [Exodus 23:25] states: "And you shall 'ה תא ,םתדבעו" רמאנש ,ללפתהל serve God, your Lord." This service is prayer.a וז הדובע ;(הכ,גכ תומש) "םכיהולא .הליפת To cling to Him, as [Deuteronomy 10:2] states: "קבדת ובו" רמאנש ,וב הקבודל "And you shall cling to Him." .(כ,י םירבד) To swear in His name, as [Deuteronomy 10:20] ,ומשבו" רמאנש ,ומשב עבשיהל states: "And you shall swear in His name."a,b .(כ,י םירבד ;גי,ו םירבד) "עבשית To emulate His good and just ways, as ,םירשיהו םיבוטה ויכרדב תומדיהל [Deuteronomy 28:9] states: "And you shall walk in םירבד) "ויכרדב ,תכלהו" רמאנש His ways." .(ט,חכ 1 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... To sanctify His name, as [Leviticus 22:32] states: ,יתשדקנו" רמאנש ,ומש תא שדקל "And I shall be sanctified amidst the children of .(בל,בכ ארקיו) "לארשי ינב ךותב Israel." To recite the Shema twice daily, as [Deuteron- ,םוי לכב םיימעפ עמש תירק תורקל omy 6:2] states: "And you shall speak of them ךבכושב . . . םב תרבידו" רמאנש when you lie down and when you arise." .(ז,ו םירבד) "ךמוקבו To study Torah and to teach it [to others], as רמאנש ,הדמללו הרות דומלל [Deuteronomy 6:2] states: "And you shall teach .(ז,ו םירבד) "ךינבל םתננישו" them to your children." To tie tefillin upon our heads, as [Deuteronomy רמאנש ,שארב ןיליפת רושקל 6:8] states: "And they shall be an emblem םירבד) "ךיניע ןיב ,תופטוטל ויהו" between your eyes." .(ח,ו To tie tefillin upon our arms, as [Deuteronomy רמאנש ,דיב ןיליפת רושקל 6:8] states: "And you shall tie them for a sign םירבד) "ךדי לע ,תואל םתרשקו" upon your arms." .(ח,ו To make tzitzit, as [Numbers 15:38] states: "And םהל ושעו" רמאנש ,תיציצ תושעל you shall make tzitzit for them." .(חל,וט רבדמב) "תיציצ To affix a mezuzah, as [Deuteronomy 6:9] states: םתבתכו" רמאנש ,הזוזמ עובקל "And you shall write them on the doorposts of ;ט,ו םירבד) "ךתיב תוזוזמ לע your home." .(כ,אי םירבד To collect the people to hear the Torah [being הרותה עומשל םעה תא ליהקהל read] in the year following the shemitah year, as להקה" רמאנש ,תיעיבש יאצומב [Deuteronomy 31:12] states: "Gather together the .(בי,אל םירבד) "םעה תא people." For each man to write a Torah scroll for himself, ,ומצעל הרות רפס שיא לכ בותכל as [Deuteronomy 31:19] states: "Write down this הרישה תא םכל ובתכ" רמאנש song." .(טי,אל םירבד) "תאזה 2 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... For the king to write a second Torah scroll for ,ומצעל הרות רפס ךלמה בותכל himself in addition to the one which [he is דע ,םדא לכ לש דחאה לע רתי required to write to fulfill the mitzvah incumbent upon] ול בתכו" רמאנש ,תורות יתש ול היהיש every man. Thus, he will have two Torah scrolls, as .(חי,זי םירבד) "תאזה הרותה הנשמ תא [Deuteronomy 17:19] states: "And he shall write for himself a copy of this Torah." To bless [God] after eating, as [Deuteronomy רמאנש ,ןוזמה רחא ךרבל 8:10] states: "[After] you eat and are satisfied, 'ה תא תכריבו—תעבשו ,תלכאו" you shall bless God, your Lord." .(י,ח םירבד) "ךיהולא To build [God's] chosen house, [the Temple,] as ושעו" רמאנש ,הריחבה תיב תונבל [Exodus 25:8] states: "And you shall make a .(ח,הכ תומש) "שדקמ ,יל sanctuary for Me."b To revere this house, as [Leviticus 19:30] states: רמאנש ,הז תיבמ האריל "And revere My sanctuary." ;ל,טי ארקיו) "וארית ישדקמו" .(ב,וכ ארקיו To keep watch over this house continuously, as רמאנש ,דימת הז תיב רומשל [Numbers 18:2,4] states: "And you and- your להוא ינפל ,ךתיא ךינבו התאו" descendants before the Tent of Testimony.... [And they .(ב,חי רבדמב) "תודעה shall keep the watch....]" For the Levites to serve in the sanctuary, as רמאנש ,שדקמב דבוע יולה תויהל [Numbers 18:23] states: "And the Levite shall .(גכ,חי רבדמב) "אוה יולה דבעו" serve...." For a priest to sanctify his hands and feet at the תעשב וילגרו וידי ןהוכה שדקל time of service [in the Temple], as [Exodus ןורהא וצחרו" רמאנש ,הדובעה 30:19] states: "And Aaron and his sons will wash...." .(טי,ל תומש) "וינבו To prepare the candles of the Sanctuary, as רמאנש ,שדקמב תורנ ךורעל [Exodus 27:21] states: "Aaron and his sons shall תומש) "וינבו ןורהא ותוא ךורעי" prepare it." .(אכ,זכ For the priests to bless the Jews, as [Numbers רמאנש ,לארשי תא םינהוכה ךרבל 6:23] states: "In this manner, you shall bless the "לארשי ינב תא וכרבת הכ" children of Israel." .(גכ,ו רבדמב) 3 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... To arrange bread and frankincense before God לכב 'ה ינפל הנובלו םחל רידסהל [in the Temple] on every Sabbath, as [Exodus ןחלושה לע תתנו" רמאנש ,תבש 25:30] states: "And you shall place the showbread on .(ל,הכ תומש) "םינפ םחל the table."b To burn a spice offering twice [each] day, as ,םויב םיימעפ תרוטק ריטקהל [Exodus 30:7] states: "And Aaron shall burn ,ןורהא וילע ריטקהו" רמאנש incense upon it...." .(ז,ל תומש) "םימס תרוטק To keep a fire burning on the altar for burnt ,דימת הלועה חבזמב שא ריעבהל offerings continually, as [Leviticus 6:6] states: לע דקות דימת ,שא" רמאנש "And you shall keep a fire burning continuously on the .(ו,ו ארקיו) "חבזמה altar." To remove the ashes from the altar, as [Leviticus ,חבזמה לעמ ןשדה תא םירהל 6:3] states: "And he shall remove the ashes...." ארקיו) "ןשדה תא םירהו" רמאנש .(ג,ו To send impure people out from the camp of the הניכש הנחממ םיאמט חלשל Divine Presence - i.e., the sanctuary - as וחלשיו" רמאנש ,שדקמה אוהש [Numbers 5:2] states: "And you shall send from the אמט ,לוכו ;בז לכו עורצ לכ ,הנחמה ןמ camp all the leprous, any zav, and anyone who has .(ב,ה רבדמב) "שפנל contracted impurity because of a corpse." To show honor to Aaron's descendants and to ןורהא לש וערזל דובכ קולחל give them priority regarding all holy matters, as ,השודקבש רבד לכל ומידקהלו [Leviticus 21:8] states: "And you shall sanctify him." .(ח,אכ ארקיו) "ותשדיקו" רמאנש To clothe the priests with the priestly garments ידגב הדובעל םינהוכה שיבלהל for service [in the Temple], as [Exodus 28:2] ידגב תישעו" רמאנש ,הנוהכ states: "And you shall make holy garments...."a .(ב,חכ תומש) "שדוק To carry the ark upon our shoulders when it is to ףתכה לע ןוראה תא תאשל be carried, as [Numbers 7:9] states: "And they ףתכב" רמאנש ,ותוא םיאשונשכ shall carry it on their shoulders." .(ט,ז רבדמב) "ואשיי To anoint the High Priests and kings with the םיכלמו םילודג םינהוכ חושמל anointing oil, as [Exodus 30:30-31] states: ןמש" רמאנש ,החשמה ןמשב "[Anoint Aaron....] This shall be sacred anointing oil." .(אל,ל תומש) "הז היהי שדוק תחשמ 4 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... For the priests to serve in the sanctuary in שדקמב םידבוע םינהוכה תויהל individual watches; and for them to all serve as םידעומבו ,תורמשמ תורמשמ one on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 18:6-8] states: "יולה אובי יכו" רמאנש ,דחאכ םידבוע "When the Levite shall come... [he can serve]...with the "תובאה לע ,וירכממ דבל" (ו,חי םירבד) exception of that which is theirs by ancestral right."a .(ח,חי םירבד) For the priests to become ritually impure and ןהיבורקל םיאמטימ םינהוכה תויהל mourn for their relatives in the same manner as לארשי ראשכ ןהילע ןילבאתמו other Jews who are commanded to mourn, as ,הל" רמאנש ,לבאתהל ןיווצמ ןהש [Leviticus 21:3] states: "He shall become impure for .(ג,אכ ארקיו) "אמטיי her." For a High Priest to marry a virgin, as [Leviti cus ,הלותב אשונ לודג ןהוכ תויהל - 21:13] states: "And he shall marry a woman who הילותבב השיא ,אוהו" רמאנש is a virgin." .(גי,אכ ארקיו) "חקיי To offer the tamid offerings each day, as רמאנש ,םוי לכב ןידימת בירקהל [Numbers 28:3] states: "[This is the fire "דימת הלוע ,םויל םיינש" offering...] two each day continuously." .(ג,חכ רבדמב) For the High Priest to offer a meal offering each ,םוי לכב החנמ לודג ןהוכ בירקהל day, as [Leviticus 6:13] states: "This is the "וינבו ןורהא ןברק הז" רמאנש sacrifice of Aaron and his descendants." .(גי,ו ארקיו) To offer an additional sacrifice every Sabbath, as ,תבש לכב רחא ןברק ףיסוהל [Numbers 28:9] states: "On the Sabbath day, ינש—תבשה ,םויבו" רמאנש two lambs...." .(ט,חכ רבדמב) "םישבכ To offer an additional sacrifice every Rosh שדוח שאר לכב ןברק ףיסוהל Chodesh, as [Numbers 28:11] states: "On your ,ישארבו" רמאנש ,שדוחו Rashei Chodashim...." .(אי,חכ רבדמב) "םכישדוח To offer an additional sacrifice on Pesach, as רמאנש ,חספה גחב ןברק ףיסוהל [Leviticus 23:36] states: "For seven days, you "'הל השיא ובירקת ,םימי תעבש" will bring a fire offering unto God...."1 .(ול,גכ ארקיו) 5 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM Positive Commandments - Texts & Writings https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/901695/jewish/Positive... To bring the meal offering of the omer on the day תרחוממ רמועה תחנמ בירקהל after the first day of Pesach together with a שבכ םע חספ לש ןושאר םוי single lamb, as [Leviticus 23:10] states: "And you shall תישאר רמוע תא םתאבהו" רמאנש ,דחא bring the omer...." .(י,גכ ארקיו) "ןהכה לא ,םכריצק To offer an additional sacrifice on Shavuot, as ,תרצע םויב ןברק ףיסוהל [Numbers 28:26] states: "On the day of the first ". . . םירוכיבה םויבו" רמאנש fruits [Bikkurim]...." .(וכ,חכ רבדמב) To bring two loaves and the sacrifices which תונברקה םע םחלה יתש איבהל accompany the loaves on Shavuot, as [Leviticus ,תרצע םויב םחלה ללגב םיברקה 23:17] states: "From your dwellings, bring bread as a םחל ואיבת םכיתובשוממ" רמאנש wave offering. And you shall offer upon the bread...." לע םתברקהו" (זי,גכ ארקיו) "הפונת .(חי,גכ ארקיו) "םחלה To offer an additional sacrifice on Rosh ,הנשה שארב ןברק ףיסוהל HaShanah, as [Numbers 29:1] states: "And in דחאב יעיבשה שדוחבו" רמאנש the seventh month, on the first of the month...." .(א,טכ רבדמב) "שדוחל To offer an additional sacrifice on the fast [of ,םוצה םויב ןברק ףיסוהל Yom Kippur], as [Numbers 29:7] states: "On the שדוחל רושעבו" רמאנש tenth of the seventh month...." .(ז,טכ רבדמב) "יעיבשה To carry out the service of the fast [of Yom ,םוצה םויב םויה תדובע תושעל Kippur], as [Leviticus 16:3] states: "In this man- לא ,ןורהא אובי תאזב" רמאנש ner, Aaron will enter the [inner] sanctuary, with a young לכו ,(ג,זט ארקיו) "רקב ןב רפב .:שדוקה bull...." All the [particulars of] this service are stated in .תומ ירחא תשרפב הבותכה הדובעה the parashah of Acharei Mot. To offer an additional sacrifice on the holiday of רמאנש ,תוכוסה גחב ןברק ףיסוהל Sukkot, as [Numbers 29:13] states: "And you "חוחינ חיר השיא הלוע םתברקהו" shall present a burnt offering as a pleasing fra- .(גי,טכ רבדמב) grance...." To offer an additional sacrifice on Shemini ,תרצע ינימש םויב ןברק ףיסוהל Atzeret, for it is a festival in its own right, as רמאנש ,אוה ומצע ינפב לגר יכ [Numbers 29:35] states: "And on the eighth day.... .(הל,טכ רבדמב) "ינימשה ,םויב" 6 of 31 8/31/2019 6:48 PM
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