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Mirrors of Heaven or Worldly Theaters? Mirrors of Heaven or Worldly Theaters? Venetian Nunneries and Their Music vwv Jonathan E. Glixon 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Glixon, Jonathan E, author. Title: Mirrors of heaven or worldly theaters? Venetian nunneries and their music / Jonathan E. Glixon. Description: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016047132 | ISBN 9780190259129 (hardcover: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Music in convents—Italy—Venice—History. | Music—Italy—Venice—History and criticism. | Nuns as musicians—Italy—Venice. Classification: LCC ML290.8.V26 G55 2017 | DDC 781.71/2008827190045311—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047132 This publication is made possible in part by the Margarita M. Hanson Endowment of the American Musicological Society, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii List of Music Examples ix Notes on Transcriptions, Terminology, and the Venetian Monetary System xi Acknowledgments xiii Abbreviations xv 1. The Nuns of Venice and the Lagoon 1 2. Public Liturgy: Professional Male Musicians in the Exterior Church 23 3. Necessary Ornaments: Organs and Bells 70 4. Transitions: Clothing Ceremonies, Professions, Consecrations, and Funerals 104 5. Daily Offices and More: The Nuns in the Interior Church 172 6. The Porous Grate: Teaching Music in Church and Parlor 234 7. A Virtuous Recreation? Musical and Theatrical Entertainments for and by the Nuns 250 8. Conclusions and Epilogue 282 Appendices Appendix 1. Documents 287 Appendix 2. Brief Histories of the Nunneries of Venice and its Lagoon 325 Appendix 3. A Calendar of Religious Observances at Venetian Nunneries 348 Appendix 4. Religious Functions of Confraternities in Nunnery Churches 378 Appendix 5. Organs in Venetian Nunnery Churches 382 Appendix 6. References to Music at Monacations in Pallade Veneta and the Gradenigo Diaries 390 Appendix 7. Inventory of Versetti for Venetian Nuns 394 Appendix 8. Publications in Honor of Nuns (excluding monacations) 399 ( v ) ( vi ) Contents Appendix 9. Liturgical Books, Rules, and Ordini for Venetian Nunneries 406 Appendix 10. Mass Ordinaries in the San Lorenzo 1542 Processional 420 Appendix 11. Teachers of Nuns and Educande 422 Bibliography 425 Index 439 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES 4.1 Design for a palco (musicians’ gallery) for the clothing ceremony 141 5.1 Falsobordone in the first solemn tone for Corpus Domini 205 5.2 Regina celi for San Lorenzo (Liber processionum, 1542) 217 5.3 Gaude virgo for San Lorenzo (Liber processionum, 1542) 219 5.4 Excerpt from a Litany for Santa Teresa 220 5.5 Benedicamus Domino for Corpus Domini 222 5.6 Excerpt of tenor voice of Mass for Corpus Domini 225 6.1 Explanation of the Guidonian hand (excerpt) from Liber processionum, 1542 236 6.2 Instructions for solmization for Corpus Domini 237 FIGURE 1.1 Plan of a Venetian nunnery 13 ( vii ) MUSIC EXAMPLES 4.1 Chants for the three vocazioni 112 4.2 Galuppi, O crux dulcis, excerpt 146 4.3 Grazioli, Veni electa mea, excerpt 147 4.4 Grazioli, Quam dilecta tabernacula, excerpt 148 4.5 Furlanetto, Desponsari dilecta, opening 149 4.6 Furlanetto, Kyrie from Missa a cappella, opening 152 4.7 Galuppi, “Venio” from versetti for a clothing ceremony at Santa Caterina 158 4.8 Grazioli, “Impinguabit Deus” from versetti for a clothing ceremony at Santa Lucia 159 4.9 Furlanetto, “Gaudens gaudebo” from versetti for a clothing ceremony at San Maffio di Mazzorbo 161 5.1 Excerpt from the mandatum ceremony for San Lorenzo 184 5.2 Magnificat antiphons for Santa Teresa 199 5.3 Magnificat for Santa Teresa, beginning 199 5.4 Pange lingua for Santa Teresa 200 5.5 Metrical Easter hymn for San Lorenzo 200 5.6 Processional litany for San Lorenzo, beginning 201 5.7 Litany for Santa Teresa, beginning 201 5.8 Falsobordone primo tuono feriale for Corpus Domini 203 5.9 Falsobordone primo tuono solenne for Corpus Domini 204 5.10 Salve regina for San Lorenzo 214 5.11 Regina coeli for San Lorenzo 215 5.12 Gaude virgo for San Lorenzo 218 5.13 Polyphonic sections of litany for Santa Teresa, excerpt 219 5.14 Benedicamus Domino for Corpus Domini 221 5.15a Kyrie from Mass for Corpus Domini (tenor voice) 223 5.15b Gloria from Mass for Corpus Domini (tenor voice) 224 5.16 Filago, Dulcis amor Iesu, excerpts 230 ( ix )