Minority Languages from Western Europe and Russia: Comparative Approaches and Categorical Configurations

166 Pages·2019·2.621 MB·

by  Svetlana Moskvitcheva, Alain Viaut

Language Policy
Svetlana Moskvitcheva
Alain Viaut Editors
Minority
Languages from
Western Europe
and Russia
Comparative Approaches and
Categorical Configurations
Language Policy
Volume 21
Series Editors
Joseph Lo Bianco, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Terrence G. Wiley, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
Editorial Board
Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Georges Lüdi, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Normand Labrie, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Anne Pakir, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
John Trim, Former Fellow, Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK
Guadalupe Valdes, Stanford University, California, USA
The last half century has witnessed an explosive shift in language diversity not
unlike the Biblical story of the Tower of Babel, but involving now a rapid spread of
global languages and an associated threat to small languages. The diffusion of
global languages, the stampede towards English, the counter-pressures in the form
of ethnic efforts to reverse or slow the process, the continued determination of
nation-states to assert national identity through language, and, in an opposite
direction, the greater tolerance shown to multilingualism and the increasing concern
for language rights, all these are working to make the study of the nature and
possibilities of language policy and planning a field of swift growth.
The series will publish empirical studies of general language policy or of
language education policy, or monographs dealing with the theory and general
nature of the field. We welcome detailed accounts of language policy-making - who
is involved, what is done, how it develops, why it is attempted. We will publish
research dealing with the development of policy under different conditions and the
effect of implementation. We will be interested in accounts of policy development
by governments and governmental agencies, by large international companies,
foundations, and organizations, as well as the efforts of groups attempting to resist
or modify governmental policies. We will also consider empirical studies that are
relevant to policy of a general nature, e.g. the local effects of the developing
European policy of starting language teaching earlier, the numbers of hours of
instruction needed to achieve competence, selection and training of language
teachers, the language effects of the Internet. Other possible topics include the legal
basis for language policy, the role of social identity in policy development, the
influence of political ideology on language policy, the role of economic factors,
policy as a reflection of social change.
The series is intended for scholars in the field of language policy and others
interested in the topic, including sociolinguists, educational and applied linguists,
language planners, language educators, sociologists, political scientists, and
comparative educationalists.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6209
Svetlana Moskvitcheva • Alain Viaut
Editors
Minority Languages
from Western Europe
and Russia
Comparative Approaches and Categorical
Configurations
Editors
Svetlana Moskvitcheva Alain Viaut
Associated Professor in Linguistics Director of Research in Linguistics
General and Russian Linguistics CNRS (Centre national de la recherche
Department, Laboratory “Dynamics of scientifique, France)
Languages in Minority Situations” UMR 5478 Iker (CNRS – Bordeaux
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Montaigne University – UPPA)
(RUDN University) Bordeaux, France
Moscow, Russia
Associate of Laboratory “Dynamics of
Languages in a Minority Situations”
RUDN University
Moscow, Russia
ISSN 1571-5361 ISSN 2452-1027 (electronic)
Language Policy
ISBN 978-3-030-24339-5 ISBN 978-3-030-24340-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24340-1
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Abstract of the Foreword “An Introduction
to Comparing Categorizations of Minority
Languages”
The texts presented here are part of the theme of minority languages, and they have
been gathered here in order to contribute to a comparative approach to their catego-
rization in different historical and political contexts. First of all, “minority lan-
guage” is understood as a macro-notion which, in its very formulation, contains the
seme of minority. This includes both the reference to a language and the group of
speakers who uses it or actively refers to it, and four semes (statistical or demolin-
guistic, legal, territorial, and historical) are retained here primarily to characterize
this notion. To these semes, we postulate the addition of the dynamics of
minorization.
The space from which the examples are drawn extends from Western Europe to
China. They testify to reciprocal influences, from Western Europe, recently, to rep-
resentative countries of the former USSR, from the latter to China, with a notional
own development in Soviet context and with, in all cases, geographical variations
(for example, “regional language” does not have, elsewhere than in France, the
meaning it has in this country) and evolutions of semantic contents.
From an epistemological point of view, the general context of this study is part
of a complex configuration in which the discourses, conceptions, and actions con-
cerning minority languages result from the meeting of spontaneous perceptions and
general ideological orientations which do not necessarily coincide, but which very
often have to be linked, one way or another, with the idea of nation. As for method-
ological aspects of this research, we will retain, in addition to that of the comparison
from different national contexts, that of a multidisciplinarity associating law and
semantics with a sociolinguistic approach of an object itself macrosociolinguistic.
More particularly, the semantic component is supported by componential, proto-
type, and associative approaches. Finally, the contributions put into perspective here
are based in a privileged way on field data.
v
Contents
An Introduction to Comparing Categorizations
of Minority Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Svetlana Moskvitcheva and Alain Viaut
Part I Comparative Approach
Reflections on a Multidisciplinary Approach to “Minority Languages”
as a Legal Object in Europe: The Categorization of Regional
and Minority Languages under the Charter 13
Olivier Dubos and Victor Guset
Reflection on a Multidisciplinary Approach to “Minority Languages”
as a Linguistic Object in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Alain Viaut
The Epistemological Significance of Comparing Social and Scientific
Approaches to Minority Languages in France and Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Christian Lagarde
Part II Areal Configurations in Post-Soviet Space
and with Mirroring China
Prototypical Notions of Minority Languages in the Soviet Union
and Russia: “Native Language” (rodnoj âzyk)
and “National Language” (nacional’nij âzyk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Svetlana Moskvitcheva
The Categorization of the Languages in Ingria
and the Language Loyalty of their Native Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Tatiana Agranat
Categorization of Minor Pamir Languages in Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Leyli Dodykhudoeva
vii
viii Contents
From Nominations of Socio-Ethnic Groups to Categorization
of Minority Languages in China: Semantic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Xue Li
Part III The Typological Example of “Migration Languages”
Typology of “Migration Languages” and Linguistic
Representations in a Bicultural Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Antoine Pascaud
Social and Political Status of “Non- classical” Diasporas across
the Former USSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Ekaterina Nedopekina
Categorization of the Chuvash Language in the Chuvash
Republic and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Marina Kutsaeva
Contributors
Tatiana Agranat Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russia
Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Leyli  Dodykhudoeva Institute of Linguistics Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
Olivier Dubos Faculty of Law, EA 506 CRDEI, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
Victor Guset EA 4703 CUREJ, University of Rouen Normandie, Mont-Saint-
Aignan, France
Marina Kutsaeva Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
Christian Lagarde EA 7397 CRESEM, Hispanic Studies, University of Perpignan –
Domitia, Perpignan, France
Xue Li General and Russian Linguistics Department, Philological Faculty, Russian
University of Peoples Friendship/RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Svetlana  Moskvitcheva Associated Professor in Linguistics, General and
Russian Linguistics Department and of the Foreign Languages Department,
Philological Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia/RUDN University),
Moscow, Russia
Dynamics of Languages in a Minority Situation, Institute of Modern Languages,
Intercultural Communication and Migration, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Ekaterina Nedopekina General and Russian Linguistics Department, Philological
Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia/RUDN-University, Moscow,
Russia
ix
x Contributors
Antoine Pascaud UMR 5478 Iker, CNRS – Bordeaux Montaigne University –
UPPA, Pessac, France
Alain Viaut Director of Research in Linguistics, National Center for Scientific
Research – CNRS France, Laboratory UMR 5478 Iker, CNRS – Bordeaux
Montaigne University – UPPA, Pessac, France
Dynamics of Languages in a Minority Situation, Institute of Modern Languages,
Intercultural Communication and Migration, RUDN-University, Moscow, Russia