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Mind the Body: An Exploration of Bodily Self-Awareness PDF

278 Pages·2018·1.8 MB·English
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Mind the Body Mind the Body An Exploration of Bodily Self-Awareness Frédérique de Vignemont 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,11/12/2017,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©FrédériquedeVignemont2018 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2018 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017947437 ISBN 978–0–19–873588–5 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2017,SPi Contents Acknowledgements ix ListofFigures xi ListofTables xiii Introduction 1 TheMindintheBody 2 TheBodyintheMind 4 GeneralOutline 9 Part I. Body Snatchers 1. WhoseBody? 13 1.1. APhenomenalContrast 14 1.1.1. TheRubberHandIllusion 15 1.1.2. ASenseofDisownership 18 1.2. ACognitiveInterpretation 23 1.2.1. WhatCognitiveState? 23 1.2.2. BodilyKnowledgewithoutObservation 27 1.2.3. BeyondMyness 29 1.3. Conclusion 30 2. OverandAboveBodilySensations 32 2.1. TheSole-ObjectView 32 2.2. ThePuzzleofTools 35 2.2.1. ReferredSensationsinTools 35 2.2.2. ASpecialStatusforPain? 39 2.3. ThePuzzleofDisownership 40 2.4. AFeelingofPresence 44 2.5. Conclusion 46 3. TheImmunityoftheSenseofOwnership 49 3.1. BodilyImmunityfromtheInside 50 3.1.1. FalseNegative:Somatoparaphrenia 52 3.1.2. FalsePositive:theRHI 53 3.1.3. FalsePositive:theEmbodimentDelusion 55 3.2. BodilyImmunityfromtheOutside 57 3.2.1. Self-Location 57 3.2.2. SeeingOne’sBody 58 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2017,SPi vi CONTENTS 3.3. Self-SpecificityandSelf-Reference 61 3.3.1. TheB-Lander 61 3.3.2. BodilyIEMandtheSenseofBodilyOwnership 62 3.4. Conclusion 64 Part II. Body-Builder 4. BodilySpace 67 4.1. AreBodilySensationsSpatial? 68 4.1.1. TheLocalSignTheory 68 4.1.2. Free-FloatingBodilySensations 69 4.1.3. TheDualityofSpatiality 71 4.2. ASensorimotorApproach 73 4.2.1. Tactile-MotorLaws 74 4.2.2. DissociationbetweenBodilyKnow-Howand BodilyExperiences 77 4.3. Conclusion 81 5. TheBodyMapTheory 83 5.1. ARepresentationalistApproach 83 5.1.1. TheBodyMap 84 5.1.2. BodilyLocationandEgocentricLocation 86 5.2. TheRubberBandHypothesis 88 5.2.1. ALiberalModel 89 5.2.2. AConservativeModel 90 5.3. WhereCanOneFeelBodilySensations? 92 5.3.1. BodilyIllusionsinNon-BodilyShapedObjects 93 5.3.2. SensationsinRemoteObjects 94 5.3.3. SensationsinPeripersonalSpace 95 5.4. Conclusion 98 6. AMultimodalAccountofBodilyExperience 100 6.1. TheVisualBody 101 6.1.1. VisualEgocentricLocation 102 6.1.2. TheSynaestheticBodyMap 104 6.2. TheMultimodalityThesis 105 6.2.1. TheBindingModelofMultimodality 106 6.2.2. AConstitutiveThesis 107 6.3. LosingSightoftheBody 109 6.4. TheMoreMultimodality,theLessImmunity? 113 6.4.1. TheMultimodalBindingParameter 114 6.4.2. ASpace-BasedModel 117 6.4.3. TheSortalHypothesis 119 6.4.4. ANonconceptualAssumptionofUnity 120 6.5. Conclusion 123 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2017,SPi CONTENTS vii 7. MyBodyAmongOtherBodies 125 7.1. TheBodyasaCommonCurrency 126 7.1.1. BodilyMirroringinAction 127 7.1.2. VicariousBodilySensations 128 7.2. TwoModelsofInterpersonalRepresentations 131 7.2.1. TheAssociationistModel 131 7.2.2. TheRedeploymentModel 133 7.3. TheChallengeofImpersonalContent 135 7.3.1. BeyondImpersonalContent 136 7.3.2. A“Whose”System? 137 7.4. Conclusion 139 8. TaxonomiesofBodyRepresentations 140 8.1. HowManyBodyRepresentations? 141 8.2. DeficitsinBodySchemaandBodyImage 143 8.2.1. PointingtoWhat? 144 8.2.2. PersonalNeglect:aDeficitofBodyImage? 146 8.2.3. PeripheralDeafferentation:the“MissingBody Schema”? 147 8.2.4. AConstantInteraction 149 8.3. APracticalPhotographoftheBody 151 8.3.1. KnowledgeofBodilyAffordances 152 8.3.2. BodilyPushmi-PullyuRepresentations 154 8.4. IstheBodyMapHot? 157 8.4.1. ThePracticalHypothesis 157 8.4.2. BodyMereology 160 8.5. Conclusion 163 Part III. Bodyguard 9. TheBodyguardHypothesis 167 9.1. AnAgentiveMarkfortheSenseofBodilyOwnership? 168 9.1.1. TheBodyUnderControl 168 9.1.2. TheBodyThatOnePlansOne’sActionsWith 170 9.1.3. TheDualityofHotBodyMaps 173 9.2. ADualModelofPeripersonalSpace 177 9.2.1. ABody-CentredSpace 177 9.2.2. WorkingSpaceandProtectiveSpace 179 9.3. FixingtheBoundariesoftheBodytoProtect 182 9.3.1. TheAffectiveMarkofBodilyDisownership 182 9.3.2. SpatialandAffectiveRequirements 185 9.4. Conclusion 188 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2017,SPi viii CONTENTS 10. TheNarcissisticBody 189 10.1. WhatItIsLiketoFeelMyBodyasMyOwn 190 10.1.1. WhatAffectiveQuality? 190 10.1.2. TheNarcissisticQualityofBodilyExperiences 193 10.1.3. AMatterofDegrees? 195 10.2. TheBodyinDanger 198 10.2.1. JudgementofMusclesandJudgementsofReasons 198 10.2.2. FearlessandPainlessBodies 199 10.2.3. TooMuchPain? 201 10.2.4. Self-DestructiveBehaviours 202 10.3. AThreatofCircularity 204 10.4. Conclusion 206 Appendix1. BodilyIllusions 207 A.1. TheRubberHandIllusionandSomeofItsManyVersions 207 A.1.1. TheRubberHandIllusion(RHI) 207 A.1.2. TheFakeFingerIllusion 208 A.1.3. TheMirrorIllusion 208 A.1.4. TheToolOwnershipIllusion 208 A.1.5. TheEnfacementIllusion 208 A.1.6. TheInvisibleHandIllusion 208 A.1.7. TheSupernumeraryHandIllusion 209 A.1.8. TheSomaticVersionoftheRHI 209 A.1.9. TheMovingRHI 209 A.2. Full-BodyIllusionsandSomeofItsManyVersions 209 A.2.1. TheFull-BodyIllusion 209 A.2.2. TheOut-of-BodyIllusion 210 A.2.3. TheBody-SwappingIllusion 210 A.3. OtherBodilyIllusions 210 A.3.1. TheNumbnessIllusion 210 A.3.2. TheDisownershipIllusion 210 A.3.3. TheJapaneseIllusion 211 A.3.4. TheThermalGrillIllusion 211 A.3.5. TheCutaneousRabbitIllusion 211 A.3.6. TheParchmentSkinIllusion 211 A.3.7. TheMarble-HandIllusion 211 A.3.8. TheDentistIllusion 211 A.3.9. ThePinocchioIllusion 211 Appendix2. NeurologicalandPsychiatricBodilyDisorders 212 Appendix3. Somatoparaphrenia 215 References 217 Index 257 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2017,SPi Acknowledgements I feel few people have been as lucky as I have been in my philosophical career.ThroughtheyearsIhavehadthechancetomeetincrediblysharp andcreativephilosophersandpsychologistswhohavetaughtmeallthat Iknow.Notonlyweretheywonderfulteachersbuttheyhavealsobecome preciousfriends.Thismanuscriptistheoutcomeofourdiscussions.Iam extremely grateful to them all. In particular, I would like to thank those without whom I would not be where I am, especially Ned Block, Denis Forest, Uta Frith, Alvin Goldman, Patrick Haggard, and Pierre Jacob. I would also like to thank those with whom I have spent hours arguing, debating, and laughing, especially Adrian Alsmith, Tim Bayne, Jérôme Dokic, Alessandro Farnè, Olivier Massin, Myrto Mylopoulos, Elisabeth Pacherie, and Hong Yu Wong. There are also all those whose work has inspired me and whose feedback has played a key role in this book, especially Yochai Ataria, Malika Auvray, Elena Azanon, David Bain, José Luis Bermúdez, Anna Berti, Alexandre Billon, Olaf Blanke, LucillaCardinali,MarcelloConstantini,AbrahamSapienCordoba,Henrik Ehrsson,ShaunGallagher,FrancescaGarbarini,AdrienneGouzien,Marie Guillot,NickHolmes,GiandomenicoIannetti,MarcJeannerod,Marjolein Kammers, Colin Klein, Uriah Kriegel, Jérémie Lafraire, Tim Lane, Matt Longo, Christophe Lopez, Asifa Majid, Tamar Makin, Alisa Mandrigin, Tony Marcel, Mike Martin, Thomas Metzinger, Alejandro Mujillo, Matthew Nudds,KevinO’Regan, Chris Peacocke, Victor Pitron,Daniele Romano, David Rosenthal, Andrea Serino, Carlota Serrahima, Tania Singer, and Manos Tsakiris. Finally, there are those who have been so importanttomealongthewaythattheydonotneedtobenamed.

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