MINA AFIA ACQUAH_PERCEIVED HRM PRACTICES AND TURNOVER INTENTION _2015

125 Pages·2015·1.93 MB·English

University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA

PERCEIVED HRM PRACTICES AND TURNOVER INTENTION:
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS. A STUDY OF THE
HOTEL INDUSTRY IN GHANA.

BY
MINA AFIA ACQUAH
(10441875)

THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA,
LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF MPHIL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
DEGREE

JUNE, 2015
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DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this thesis is as a result of my own work produced from
research undertaken under supervision and has not been presented by anyone for any academic
award in this or any university. All references used in the work have been fully acknowledged. I
bear sole responsibility for any shortcomings.

…………………………… ………………………….
MINA AFIA ACQUAH DATE
(10441875)

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CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that this thesis was supervised in accordance with procedures laid down by the
University.

…………………………………… …………………….
DR. JAMES B. ABUGRE DATE
(SUPERVISOR)

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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my late father, Nat Demode Acquah and to my Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ. I know that I could not have been successful in this without His guidance and strength.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my profound gratitude to Dr. James B. Abugre, my supervisor, for his
constructive suggestions to this study. Special mention also, goes to my mother and siblings,
Charity-Louise, Alex and Linda for their sacrifice and encouragement throughout this year. Your
encouragement and prayers have been greatly appreciated. I also wish to thank my friends, Belinda,
Charles, Sefiamor and Richard for their inspiration and support during this effort. I would have given up a
long time ago if not for your loving encouragement over the past year.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i
CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FROM THIS THESIS ....................................................................... x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ xi
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 7
1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Significance ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.7 Scope and Delimitations........................................................................................................ 8
1.8 Chapter Disposition ............................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 10
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 10
2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Social Exchange Theory ............................................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Field Theory ................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Human Resource Management Practices ............................................................................ 16
2.2.1 Recruitment and Selection and Turnover Intention ...................................................... 20
2.2.2 Training and Development and Turnover Intention ..................................................... 23
2.2.3 Rewards and Benefits and Turnover Intention ............................................................. 26
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2.3 Job Embeddedness .............................................................................................................. 28
2.3.1 Links ............................................................................................................................. 29
2.3.2 Fit .................................................................................................................................. 30
2.3.3 Sacrifice ........................................................................................................................ 31
2.4 Job Embeddedness as a Mediating Factor........................................................................... 32
2.5 Hypotheses .......................................................................................................................... 35
2.6 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... 36
2.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 38
METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 38
3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 38
3.1 Research design ................................................................................................................... 38
3.2 The Hotel Industry .............................................................................................................. 38
3.3 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 41
3.4 Population, Sample and Sampling Procedure ..................................................................... 41
3.5 Instrumentation.................................................................................................................... 42
3.5.1 Measurement of Variables ............................................................................................ 43
3.5.2 Pre-testing of Instrument .............................................................................................. 43
3.5.3 Reliability ..................................................................................................................... 44
3.5.4 Validity ......................................................................................................................... 45
3.6 Data Collection Procedure .................................................................................................. 45
3.7 Ethical Consideration .......................................................................................................... 46
3.8 Data analysis ....................................................................................................................... 46
3.8.1 The Nature of PLS Path Models ................................................................................... 48
3.9 Limitations to Data Collection ............................................................................................ 49
3.10 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 50
DATA ANALYSES AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ......................................................... 50
4.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 50
4.1 Background Issues............................................................................................................... 50
4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents ..................................................................... 51
4.3 Structural Equation Modelling ............................................................................................ 54
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4.3.1 Reflective and Formative Measurement Models .......................................................... 54
4.4 Assessment of Model Fit ..................................................................................................... 55
4.4.1 Measurement of Formative Constructs ......................................................................... 55
4.4.2 Measurement of Reflective Constructs......................................................................... 57
4.5 Hypotheses Testing ............................................................................................................. 59
4.6 Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................................ 66
4.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 71
CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 72
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 72
5.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 72
5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 72
5.2 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 73
5.3 Managerial Implications ...................................................................................................... 74
5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 75
5.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research............................................................... 76
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 78
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 108

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4. 1: Sex of Respondents ................................................................................................................... 51
Table 4. 2: Age of Respondents .................................................................................................................. 52
Table 4. 3: Educational Background of Respondent ................................................................................... 53
Table 4. 4: Measurement Properties of Formative constructs ..................................................................... 56
Table 4.5: Test for Reliability and Convergent Validity............................................................................. 57
Table 4. 6: Discriminant Validity of Constructs ......................................................................................... 58
Table 4. 7: Relationship between HRM Practices and Turnover Intention ................................................ 59
Table 4. 8: Relationship between HRM Practices and Job Embeddedness ................................................ 60
Table 4. 9: Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Turnover Intention .......................................... 60
Table 4. 10: Results of the Indirect Effect of HRM practices on Turnover Intention................................. 62
Table 4. 11: Results of Mediation Effect of Job Embeddedness on HRM practices and Turnover Intention
Relationship ................................................................................................................................................ 63
Table 4. 12: Results for Hypotheses Tests .................................................................................................. 64

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2. 1: Proposed Conceptual Framework ............................................................................. 36
Figure 2. 2: Conceptual Model after Data Analyses ..................................................................... 65

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