Millimetre Wave Antennas for Gigabit Wireless Communications

291 Pages·2009·7.93 MB·English

Millimetre Wave

Antennas for

Gigabit Wireless

Communications

A Practical Guide to Design and

Analysis in a System Context

Kao-ChengHuang

UniversityofGreenwich,UK

DavidJ.Edwards

UniversityofOxford,UK

A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication
Millimetre Wave Antennas

for Gigabit Wireless

Communications

Millimetre Wave

Antennas for

Gigabit Wireless

Communications

A Practical Guide to Design and

Analysis in a System Context

Kao-ChengHuang

UniversityofGreenwich,UK

DavidJ.Edwards

UniversityofOxford,UK

A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2008
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Huang,Kao-Cheng.
Millimetrewaveantennasforgigabitwirelesscommunications:apracticalguide
todesignandanalysisinasystemcontext/Kao-ChengHuang,DavidJ.Edwards.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-51598-3(cloth)
1. Microwaveantennas. 2. Gigabitcommunications. 3. Milimeterwaves.
I. Edwards,DavidJ. II. Title.
TK7871.67.M53H832008
621.382(cid:2)4—dc22
2008013165
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN978-0-470-51598-3(HB)
Setin10/12ptTimesbyIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India
PrintedinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd,Singapore.
Contents

Preface ix

ListofAbbreviations xi

1 GigabitWirelessCommunications 1

1.1 GigabitWirelessCommunications 1
1.2 RegulatoryIssues 7
1.2.1 Europe 7
1.2.2 UnitedStates 8
1.2.3 Japan 9
1.2.4 IndustrialStandardisation 9
1.3 MillimetreWaveCharacterisations 12
1.3.1 FreeSpacePropagation 13

1.3.2 MillimetreWavePropagationLossFactors 13

1.3.3 AtmosphericLosses 14

1.4 ChannelPerformance 14

1.5 SystemDesignandPerformance 22

1.5.1 AntennaArrays 22
1.5.2 TransceiverArchitecture 23
1.6 AntennaRequirements 26
1.7 LinkBudget 30
1.8 Summary 34
References 34

2 CriticalAntennaParameters 37

2.1 PathLossandAntennaDirectivity 38

2.2 AntennaBeamwidth 45

2.3 MaximumPossibleGain-to-Q 46

2.4 AntennaPolarisation 50

2.4.1 PolarisationDiversity 56
References 58

3 PlanarAntennas 61
3.1 PrintedAntennas 61
3.2 SlotAntennas 72
3.2.1 StandardSlotAntenna 72
3.2.2 TaperedSlotAntennas 73
vi CONTENTS
3.3 Quasi-YagiAntennas 75
3.4 Bow-TieAntennas 76
3.5 ReflectorAntennas 78
3.6 MillimetreWaveDesignConsiderations 84
3.7 ProductionandManufacture 85
3.7.1 FineLinePrinting 85
3.7.2 ThickFilm 86
3.7.3 ThinFilm 86
3.7.4 System-on-Chip 87
References 87
4 HornAntennas 91
4.1 WaveguideModes 91
4.2 MultimodeHornAntennas 94
4.3 IntegratedHorn 98
4.4 ConicalHornsandCircularPolarisation 102
4.5 TiltHorn 110
4.6 DielectricSectoralHorn 111
References 112
5 DielectricAntennas 115
5.1 DielectricResonatorAntennas 115
5.2 DielectricRodAntennas 121
5.3 MaximumGainRodAntennas 126
5.4 TheDualRodAntenna 127
5.5 Patch-FedCircularRodAntennas 130
5.6 RodArraysandPhaseCompensation 136
5.7 OptimisationofaRodAntenna 139
References 141
6 LensAntennas 145
6.1 LunebergLens 146
6.2 HemisphericalLens 149
6.3 ExtendedHemisphericalLens 151
6.4 Off-AxisExtendedHemisphericalLens 157
6.5 PlanarLensArray 161
6.6 MetalPlateLensAntennas 164
References 166
7 MultipleAntennas 171
7.1 The60GHzMultibeamAntenna 171
7.2 AntennaArrays 176
7.3 MillimetreWaveArrays 180
7.3.1 PrintedArrays 180
7.3.2 WaveguideArrays 182
7.3.3 Leaky-WaveArrays 184
7.4 MutualCouplingbetweenAntennas 186
References 194
CONTENTS vii
8 SmartAntennas 197

8.1 Beam-SwitchingAntennas 199

8.2 Beam-Steering/FormingAntennas 205

8.2.1 ElectronicBeamforming 206

8.3 MillimetreWaveMIMO 212

8.3.1 BeamformingLayer 215

8.3.2 SpatialMultiplexingLayer 217
8.4 Mode-TrackingAntennas 218
References 224

9 AdvancedAntennaMaterials 227
9.1 Low-TemperatureCo-firedCeramics 228
9.2 LiquidCrystalPolymer 233
9.3 CMOS 238
9.4 MetaMaterials 241
9.5 High-TemperatureSuperconductingAntenna 245

9.6 NanoAntennas 249

References 249

10 High-SpeedWirelessApplications 255

10.1 V-BandAntennaApplications 255

10.1.1 WirelessPersonalAreaNetworks(WPANs) 256

10.1.2 WirelessHDMI 256
10.1.3 Point-to-Point60GHzLinks 257
10.1.4 BroadcastingaVideoSignalTransmissionSysteminaSportsStadium 257
10.1.5 IntervehicleCommunicationSystem 258
10.1.6 MultigigabitFileTransmission 258
10.1.7 CurrentDevelopments 258
10.2 E-BandAntennaApplications 261
10.2.1 PrivateNetworks/EnterpriseLANExtensions 261

10.2.2 FibreExtensions 262

10.2.3 FibreBack-up/DiversityConnections 262

10.2.4 MilitaryCommunicationsandSurveillanceSystems 262

10.2.5 SecureApplications 263

10.3 DistributedAntennaSystems 264
10.4 WirelessMeshNetworks 267
References 270

Index 273