Milk Proteins: Vol. 1: Chemistry and Molecular Biology

540 Pages·1971·11.476 MB·English

by  Hugh Albert McKenzie

MILK PROTEINS
chemistry
and
molecular biology
VOLUME I
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MILK PROTEINS
chemistry
and
molecular biology
Edited by
Hugh A. McKenzie
Department of Physical Biochemistry
Institute of Advanced Studies
Australian National University
Canberra, Australia
VOLUME I
1970
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London
COPYRIGHT © 1970, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM,
BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR ANY
OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM
THE PUBLISHERS.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
Berkeley Square House, London W1X 6BA
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CARD NUMBER: 78-86363
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
This book is dedicated to the memory of three
Danish chemists who made major contributions to our
present understanding of proteins in general and
milk proteins in particular. Each was a Director
of the Chemical Section, the Carlsberg Laboratory,
Copenhagen, for the periods shown.
/. Kjeldahl, May 1875-July 1900
S. P. L. S0rensen, January 1901 -March 1938
K. £/. Understr</>m-Lang, April 1938-May 1959
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Contents
List of Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Contents of Volume II xvii
PART A HISTORY, OCCURRENCE, AND IMMUNOLOGY
OF MILK PROTEINS
General Introduction
H. A. McKenzie
1 • Milk Proteins in Retrospect 3
T. L. McMeekin
I. Introduction 3
II. Protein Distribution in Milk 4
III. Casein 8
IV. Whey Proteins 11
References 13
2 • Protein Composition of Milk 17
R. Jenness
I. Introduction 17
II. Methods of Fractionation and Analysis 18
III. Nomenclature 20
IV. Physical and Chemical Properties 24
V. Biosynthesis 24
VI. Biological Functions 27
vii
viii CONTENTS
VII. Milk Protein Composition 29
References 40
3 • Immunological Studies of Milk 45
L. A. Hanson and B. G. Johansson
I. Introduction 45
II. Immunological Studies of Cow Milk 48
III. Immunological Studies of Human Milk 65
IV. Immunological Studies of Milk from Various
Species Other than Man and Cow 79
V. Transfer of Immunity from Mother to Offspring
via Colostrum 90
VI. Immunological Studies of Processed Milk
and Milk Products 96
VII. Allergy to Milk Proteins 102
References 112
PART Β CHEMICAL METHODS IN THE CHARACTERI-
ZATION OF MILK PROTEINS 125
General Introduction
H. A. McKenzie
4 Π General Methods and Elemental Analysis 127
H. A. McKenzie and W. H. Murphy
I. General Methods 127
II. Determination of Total Nitrogen 154
III. Determination of Metals 161
IV. Determination of Phosphorus 176
V. Determination of Sulfur 178
5 • Amino Acid, Peptide, and Functional Group Analysis . .181
H. A. McKenzie
I. Amino Acid and Peptide Analysis 181
II. Functional Group Analysis and Modification . . .201
CONTENTS ix
6 Π Analysis and Structural Chemistry of the
Carbohydrate of Glycoproteins 219
E.R.B. Graham, H.A. McKenzie, and
W. H. Murphy
I. Carbohydrate Composition 219
II. The Structure and Linkage of the Carbohydrate
in Glycoproteins 238
References for Part Β 249
PART C PHYSICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF
MILK PROTEINS: BASIC CONCEPTS,
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS, AND RESULTS . . 263
General Introduction
H. A. McKenzie
7 • The Elucidation of Interacting Systems in Terms
of Physical Parameters 267
H. A. McKenzie and L. W. Nichol
I. Migration Methods Involving a Plateau Region
of Original Solution 267
II. Zone Migration Methods 303
III. Equilibrium Methods 311
8 • Effects of Changes in Environmental Conditions
on the State of Association, Conformation,
and Structure 355
H. A. McKenzie
I. Introduction 356
II. Useful Changes in Environment: Denaturation
and Specific Reagents 358
III. Thermodynamic Consideration of Multicomponent
Systems: Equilibrium Experiments 360
IV. Partial Specific Volume and Volume Changes . . .367
V. Transport Experiments 374