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S e c tor JOKISfM \ \ JSL*Gornji Valcirf .Siberil >, \ ; i TARY Vishakhapatr KaKinada lactiilipatnam GEOGRAPHY FOR "AND THE PUBLIC iSongkhla KotaKin BandaAceh *.^. GTeoowrgne* SenBBanedgaarwan Brunei^ lcM.!alaysia MEDAN. ox Malaysia. Port fKualaLumpur Sweftenham Puiau 4? ^PortDickson Simeulue * "^^ Melaka Rantauprapat CJ^ A. Singapore SINGAPORE ,uo Nias /. Pontianak Padang n d o n e s I i Kepulauan Mentawai Palembang Banjarr Cover: Red Beach, Camp Pendleton CWO2 (Photo by Charles Crow, 1st Marine Division/Combat Camera) GEOGRAPHY MILITARY FOR PROFESSIONALS AND THE PUBLIC To Professor Samuel Van Valkenburg and Swift: He stimulated my interest in military geography way back in 1 950; she was his private secretary, who abandoned civilian life to become my Army bride. MILITARY GEOGRAPHY AMD FOR PROFESSIONALS THE PUBLIC M. John Collins 1998 National Defense Press University DC Washington, The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is a major component ofthe National Defense University (NDU), which operates under the supervision ofthe President of NDU. It conducts strategic studies for the Secretary ofDefense, Chairman ofthejointChiefs ofStaff, and unified commanders in chief; supports national strategic componentsofNDU academic programs; and provides outreach to othergovernmental agencies and the broader national security community. The Publication Directorate of INSS publishes books, monographs, reports, and occasional papers on NDU national security strategy, defense policy, and national military strategy through Press that reflect the output ofNDU research and academic programs. In addition, it produces the INSS StrategicAssessmentand otherworkapproved bythe Presidentof NDU, as well asJointForce Quarterly, a professional military journal published for the Chairman. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily representtheviewsofthe National Defense University, the Department ofDefense, orany other U.S. Governmentagency. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions ofthis book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source NDU credit line is included. Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information, call (202) 512-1 800 orwrite to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Collins, John M., 1921- Military Geography for Professionals and the Public /John M. Collins cm. p. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57906-002-1 1 . Military geography. I. Title. UA990.C554 1997 355.47 dc21 - 97-34721 OP First Printing, March 1998 VIII