Military Communities in Late Medieval England: Essays in Honour of Andrew Ayton

326 Pages·2018·7.213 MB·English

by  Gary P. Baker (editor), Craig L. Lambert (editor)

MILITARY
From warhorses to the men-at-arms who rode them; armies that were raised to
the lords who recruited, led, administered, and financed them; and ships to the
mariners who crewed them; few aspects of the organisation and logistics of war COMMUNITIES
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in late medieval England have escaped the scholarly attention, or failed to benefit
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from the insights, of Dr Andrew Ayton. The concept of the military community, L
AL IN LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
with its emphasis on warfare as a collective social enterprise, has always lain at
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the heart of his work; he has shown in particular how this age of warfare is
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characterised by related but intersecting military communities, marked not only ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF ANDREW AYTON
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by the social and political relationships within armies and navies, but by
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communities of mind, experience, and enterprise. D
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The essays in this volume, ranging from the late thirteenth to the early fifteenth I
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century, address various aspects of this idea. They offer investigations of soldiers' V C
and mariners' equipment; their obligations, functions, status, and recruitment; A
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and the range and duration of their service. L
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Gary P. Baker is a Research Associate at the University of East Anglia and a
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Researcher in History at the University of Groningen.
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Craig L. Lambert is Lecturer in Maritime History at the University of AU
Southampton. N
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David Simpkin teaches history at Birkenhead Sixth-Form College. D
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Contributors: Gary P. Baker, Adrian R. Bell, Peter Coss, Anne Curry, Robert
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W. Jones, Andy King, Craig L. Lambert, Tony K. Moore, J.J.N. Palmer, Philip
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Preston, Michael Prestwich, Matthew Raven, Clifford J. Rogers, Nigel Saul,
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David Simpkin.
Cover image: One of Sir John Charlton’s Sons (c.1340) from St Mary’s Church,
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Shrewsbury. Photograph by Andy King. Copyright: Church Conservation Trust. na
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GENERAL EDITORS:Matthew Bennett, Anne Curry, Stephen Morillo e
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DITED BY
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ARY AKER RAIG AMBERT
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AND AVID IMPKIN
warfare in history
Military Communities in
Late Medieval England
warfare in history
issn 1358-779x
Series editors
Matthew Bennett, Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, UK
Anne Curry, University of Southampton, UK
Stephen Morillo, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, USA
This series aims to provide a wide-ranging and scholarly
approach to military history, offering both individual studies
of topics or wars, and volumes giving a selection of contem-
porary and later accounts of particular battles; its scope ranges
from the early medieval to the early modern period.
New proposals for the series are welcomed; they should be
sent to the publisher at the address below.
Boydell & Brewer Limited, PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk
ip12 3df
Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back
of this volume
Military Communities in
Late Medieval England
Essays in Honour of Andrew Ayton
Edited by
Gary P. Baker, Craig L. Lambert
and David Simpkin
the boydell press
© Contributors 2018
All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation
no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system,
published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast,
transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner
First published 2018
The Boydell Press, Woodbridge
ISBN 978-1-78327-298-3
The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd
PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK
and of Boydell & Brewer Inc.
668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA
website: www.boydellandbrewer.com
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this
book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will
remain, accurate or appropriate
This publication is printed on acid-free paper
Typeset by
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Andrew Ayton, at home in Shughborough. Photograph: Agnes Ayton

Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of Contributors xii
Foreword xiii
Nigel Saul
Andrew Ayton: A Brief Tribute xvi
Sir Philip Preston
Andrew Ayton: A Recognition of his Work xvii
Gary P. Baker, Craig L. Lambert and David Simpkin,
with contributions from J. J. N. Palmer
Abbreviations xxiv
1 ‘Big and Beautiful’. Destriers in Edward I’s Armies 1
Michael Prestwich
2 Cum Equis Discoopertis: The ‘Irish’ Hobelar in the English 15
Armies of the Fourteenth Century
Robert W. Jones
3 Andrew Ayton, the Military Community and the Evolution of 31
the Gentry in Fourteenth-Century England
Peter Coss
4 Knights Banneret, Military Recruitment and Social Status, 51
c. 1270–c. 1420: A View from the Reign of Edward I
David Simpkin
5 Sir Henry de Beaumont and His Retainers: The Dynamics of a Lord’s 77
Military Retinues and Affinity in Early Fourteenth-Century England
Andy King
6 Financing the Dynamics of Recruitment: King, Earls and 105
Government in Edwardian England, 1330–60
Matthew Raven
7 The Symbolic Meaning of Edward III’s Garter Badge 125
Clifford J. Rogers
8 Sir Robert Knolles’ Expedition to France in 1370: New Perspectives 147
Gary P. Baker
viii contents
9 The Organisation and Financing of English Expeditions to the 181
Baltic during the Later Middle Ages
Adrian R. Bell and Tony K. Moore
10 Naval Service and the Cinque Ports, 1322–1453 211
Craig L. Lambert
11 The Garrison Establishment in Lancastrian Normandy in 1436 237
according to Surviving Lists in Bibliothèque Nationale de
France manuscrit français 25773
Anne Curry
Bibliography of the Writings of Andrew Ayton 271
Index 275
Tabula Gratulatoria 293
Illustrations
Plate: Detail from the Luttrell Psalter. London, British Library, xxvii
Additional MS 42130, f. 202v. © The British Library Board
4 Knights Banneret, Military Recruitment and Social Status, c. 1270–
c. 1420: A View from the Reign of Edward I. David Simpkin
Table 4.1: Comparison of banneret numbers for the Falkirk 55
campaign, 1298
Table 4.2: Service of bannerets within the retinues of other 58
men at Falkirk
Table 4.3: Paid retinues on the Scottish March, December 63
1297–March 1298
Table 4.4: Occasions of retinue leadership by Falkirk 70
bannerets, 1298–1314
5 Sir Henry de Beaumont and His Retainers: The Dynamics of a
Lord’s Military Retinues and Affinity in Early Fourteenth-
Century England. Andy King
Table 5.1: Sir Henry de Beaumont’s retainers, 1297–1303 82
Table 5.2: Roger Halow’s service with Sir Henry de Beaumont, 83
1301–14
Table 5.3 Service by Northumbrians with Sir Henry de Beaumont 87
Table 5.4: Sir Philip Darcy’s retinue, 1315 89
Table 5.5: The Saltmarsh family’s military service with Sir 91
Henry de Beaumont, 1314–36
Table 5.6: Sir Thomas Gray’s military service with Sir Henry 92
de Beaumont, 1304–19
Table 5.7: Sir William Marmion’s military service with Sir 94
Henry de Beaumont, 1308–16
Table 5.8: Sir John de Eure’s service with Sir Henry de 96
Beaumont, 1308–14
8 Sir Robert Knolles’ Expedition to France in 1370: New Perspectives.
Gary P. Baker
Table 8.1: E101/30/25 mm.1 and 2: Lists of captains, retinue 159
sizes, and monies received
Table 8.2: E101/30/25 m. 3: ‘Bracketed’ retinue list 161