Military Advising and Assistance: From Mercenaries to Privatization, 1815-2007 PDF
Preview Military Advising and Assistance: From Mercenaries to Privatization, 1815-2007
Military Advising and Assistance Nations seeking to develop and improve their military forces have often sought the advice of foreigners. Before 1815, military advice from abroad generally took the form of mercenaries, slaves, and former enemy troops pressed into service. However, with the rise of the modern nation state, the advent of the industrial revolution, and the accompanying professionaliza- tion of armies and governments, nations desiring military modernization and improvement began seeking more formal, professional advice to develop their military forces. This edited volume presents a number of historical case studies of mili- tary advisors and/or their missions in order to provide clear examples of the functioning, motives, and evolution of foreign military and naval advising in the modern era. These are intended to show the evolution of foreign military advising from ill-organized mercenary units, to professional, government- sponsored teams driven by a desire to cultivate political and economic influ- ence, to Cold War tools for pursuing ideological aims, nation building, and modernization, to post-Cold War elements of alliance integration. Finally, this book highlights the increasing present-day role of private corporations, some of which provide complete military forces, thereby bringing the evolu- tion of foreign military advising full circle. This book will be of interest to students of military history, civil– military relations, peacekeeping, security studies, and political science in general. Donald Stoker is Professor of Strategy and Policy for the US Naval War College’s Monterey Program. He is the author of Britain, France, and the Naval Arms Trade in the Baltic, 1919–1939: Grand Strategy and Failure (2003). Cass military studies Intelligence Activities in Ancient West Point Remembers the 1991 Rome Gulf War Trust in the gods, but verify Edited by Frederick Kagan and Rose Mary Sheldon ChristianKubik Clausewitz and African War Khedive Ismail’s Army Politics and strategy in Liberia and John Dunn Somalia Isabelle Duyvesteyn Yugoslav Military Industry 1918–1991 Strategy and Politics in the Middle Amadeo Watkins East, 1954–60 Defending the northern tier Corporal Hitler and the Great War Michael Cohen 1914–1918 The list regiment The Cuban Intervention in Angola, John Williams 1965–1991 From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale Rostóv in the Russian Civil War, Edward George 1917–1920 The key to victory Military Leadership in the British Brian Murphy Civil Wars, 1642–1651 ‘The genius of this age’ The Tet Effect, Intelligence and the Stanley Carpenter Public Perception of War Jake Blood Israel’s Reprisal Policy, 1953–1956 The dynamics of military retaliation The US Military Profession into the Ze’ev Drory 21st Century War, peace and politics Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Edited by Sam C. Sarkesian and Second World War Robert E. Connor, Jr. Leaders in war Enver Redzic Civil–Military Relations in Europe Cultural Diversity in the Armed Learning from crisis and institutional Forces change An international comparison Edited by Hans Born, Marina Caparini, Edited by Joseph Soeters and Karl Haltiner and Jürgen Kuhlmann Jan van der Meulen Strategic Culture and Ways of War Railways and the Russo-Japanese Lawrence Sondhaus War Transporting war Military Unionism in the Post-Cold Felix Patrikeeff and Harold Shukman War Era A future reality? War and Media Operations Edited by Richard Bartle and The US military and the press from Lindy Heinecken Vietnam to Iraq Thomas Rid Warriors and Politicians U.S. civil–military relations under stress Ancient China on Postmodern War Charles A. Stevenson Enduring ideas from the Chinese strategic tradition Military Honour and the Conduct of Thomas Kane War From ancient Greece to Iraq Special Forces, Terrorism and Paul Robinson Strategy Warfare by other means Military Industry and Regional Alastair Finlan Defense Policy India, Iraq and Israel Imperial Defence, 1856–1956 Timothy D. Hoyt The old world order Greg Kennedy Managing Defence in a Democracy Edited by Laura R. Cleary and Civil–Military Cooperation in Post- Teri McConville Conflict Operations Emerging theory and practice Gender and the Military Christopher Ankersen Women in the armed forces of western democracies Military Advising and Assistance Helena Carreiras From mercenaries to privatization, 1815–2007 Social Sciences and the Military Edited by Donald Stoker An interdisciplinary overview Edited by Giuseppe Caforio Military Advising and Assistance From mercenaries to privatization, 1815–2007 Edited by Donald Stoker First published 2008 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2008 Selection and editorial matter, Donald Stoker; individual chapters, the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-93871-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-77015-7 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-203-93871-2 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-77015-6 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-93871-3 (ebk) To Colonel Theodore S. Westhusing Soldier, Scholar Contents List of contributors xi 1 The history and evolution of foreign military advising and assistance, 1815–2007 1 DONALD STOKER 2 Missions or mercenaries? European military advisors in Mehmed Ali’s Egypt, 1815–1848 11 JOHN P. DUNN 3 The impact of foreign advisors on Chile’s armed forces, 1810–2005 26 WILLIAM F. SATER 4 Buying influence, selling arms, undermining a friend: the French naval mission to Poland and the development of the Polish Navy, 1923–1932 42 DONALD STOKER 5 Uneasy intelligence collaboration, genuine ill will, with an admixture of ideology: the British Military Mission to the Soviet Union, 1941–1945 61 ALARIC SEARLE 6 American advisors to the Republic of Korea: America’s first commitment in the Cold War, 1946–1950 81 BRYAN R. GIBBY
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