Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Definitions, Diagnosis, and Treatment

416 Pages·2013·2.12 MB·English

by  Glenn E. Smith

MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA
OXFORD WORKSHOP SERIES
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Series Editors
Susan McPherson, Editor-in-Chief
Ida Sue Baron
Richard Kaplan
Sandra Koffl er
Greg Lamberty
Jerry Sweet
Volumes in the Series
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Glenn E. Smith, Mark W. Bondi
Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery
Gregory P. Lee
The Business of Neuropsychology
Mark T. Barisa
Adult Learning Disabilities and ADHD
Robert L. Mapou
Board Certifi cation in Clinical Neuropsychology
Kira E. Armstrong, Dean W. Beebe, Robin C. Hilsabeck,
Michael W. Kirkwood
Understanding Somatization in the Practice of Clinical Neuropsychology
Greg J. Lamberty
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Postconcussion Syndrome
Michael A. McCrea
Ethical Decision Making in Clinical Neuropsychology
Shane S. Bush
MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
AND DEMENTIA
Defi nitions, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Glenn E. S mith
Mark W. Bondi
■ ■ ■
OXFORD WORKSHOP SERIES
1
3
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Smith, Glenn E.
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia : defi nitions, diagnosis,
and treatment / Glenn E. Smith, Mark W. Bondi.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–976418–1
1. Dementia–Treatment. 2. Mild cognitive impairment. 3. Cognition disorders–
Diagnosis. 4. Cognition disorders–Treatment.
I. Bondi, Mark W. II. Title.
RC521.S592 2013
616.8′1–dc23
2012030247
ISBN 978–0–19–976418–1
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
To Bob and Kay, who taught me how to work
To Brad, Anna, Myles and Mimi, who remind me how to play
To Jennifer, who shows me how to love
GES
To my mother, Barbara, who instilled the value of education and familial
left-handedness,
To my father, Frank, my little league coach and ardent dugout supporter
through life,
To my children, Conor, Taylor, Keira, and Siena, who’ve taught the most
cherished of life’s moments involve but time and togetherness,
To my wife, Karen, my loving companion, best friend, and constant
inspiration
MWB
And to the countless families who’ve suffered at the hands of dementia, this
book is humbly dedicated
GES & MWB
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Contents
Preface i x
Chapter 1 I ntroduction 1
Chapter 2 R ole of Neuropsychological Measurement in
MCI and Dementia Assessment 15
Chapter 3 N ormal Cognitive Aging 37
Chapter 4 M ild Cognitive Impairment 69
Chapter 5 A lzheimer’s Disease 135
Chapter 6 V ascular Dementia 195
Chapter 7 D ementia with Lewy Bodies 255
With Guest Author Tanis J. Ferman, PhD
Chapter 8 F rontotemporal Dementias 303
Chapter 9 A typical Dementias 331
With Guest Author David P. Salmon, PhD
Chapter 10 I nterventions for the Behavioral
Disturbances of Dementia 359
I ndex 381
A bout the Authors 403
vii
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Preface
It might not be the ideal time to release this book. During the period in which
this book was drafted the American Psychiatric Association proposed new
criteria for major and minor neurocognitive disorders (the entities previously
known as dementia and mild cognitive impairment, respectively) for public
comment. Field trials of these criteria are now underway, including a site
at the Mayo Clinic being led by one of the authors (GES). Within weeks of
the American Psychiatric Association’s posting, the joint National Institute on
Aging and Alzheimer’s Association task forces released their proposed new
criteria for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. These proposals include revisions
to the 28-year-old National Institute of Communicative Disorders and Stroke
(NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria for Alzheimer’s diagnosis, add criteria for diagno-
sis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease, and add
a focus on research criteria for the identifi cation of preclinical Alzheimer’s
disease. This past year also saw the release of a statement from the American
Stroke Association and American Heart Association on the vascular con-
tributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, updating some of the
decades-old work on defi ning vascular dementia. So, too, has the American
Psychological Association issued an updated version of its guidelines for the
assessment of cognitive aging and dementia. At the same time advances in
imaging and genetics are generating new schemes for classifying the fronto-
temporal dementias. The challenge of understanding the spectrum of Lewy
Body pathology in everything from Parkinson’s disease and multisystem atro-
phy to Alzheimer’s disease persists.
So it may be folly or hubris, or both, to publish a book on MCI and the
dementias at a time of such uncertainty and revision in the area. However,
perhaps the time is ripe to summarize and integrate these recent efforts in a
single source and offer suggestions for neuropsychologists in their daily work
with older adults. Clearly the number of patients that can be helped by neu-
ropsychologists is only increasing. The baby-boomer wave is entering the age
of risk for dementia right now. We really have no choice but to try to keep up
and to offer our unique neuropsychological perspectives to this vast array of
diagnostic nosology. So we offer this book with humility and the recognition
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