Migration in the Time of Revolution: China, Indonesia, and the Cold War

319 Pages·2019·2.089 MB·English

by  Taomo Zhou

MIGRATION IN THE TIME
OF REVOLUTION

MIGRATION IN THE
TIME OF REVOLUTION
CHINA, INDONESIA,
AND THE COLD WAR
Taomo Zhou
CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS
Ithaca and London
Publication of this book is supported in part by the Faculty
Start-up Grant at Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore, and Tier 1 Grant, Ministry of Education,
Singapore.
Copyright © 2019 by Cornell University
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review,
this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any
form without permission in writing from the publisher. For
information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House,
512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our
website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.
First published 2019 by Cornell University Press
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Zhou, Taomo, 1984– author.
Title: Migration in the time of revolution : China,
Indonesia, and the Cold War / Taomo Zhou.
Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2019. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019015735 (print) | LCCN 2019016179
(ebook) | ISBN 9781501739941 (pdf) |
ISBN 9781501739958 (epub/mobi) | ISBN 9781501739934 |
ISBN 9781501739934 (cloth ; alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: China—Foreign relations—Indonesia. |
Indonesia—Foreign relations—China. | Chinese—
Indonesia—Politics and government. | Cold War.
Classification: LCC DS740.5.I56 (ebook) | LCC DS740.5.I56
Z47 2019 (print) | DDC 327.51059809/045—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019015735
Cover photo: Ba Ren, his wife Ma Rongsheng, and
Indonesian prime minister Mohammad Hatta at the PRC
National Day reception. Chinese embassy in Jakarta, 1950.
Personal collection of Wang Keping.
To my mother, Tao Yitao

Contents
Acknowledgments ix
List of Abbreviations xi
A Note on Language xiii
Introduction: Revolutionary Diplomacy
and Diasporic Politics 1
1. T he Chinese Nationalist Party and the
Overseas Chinese 17
2. T he Chinese Communist Party and the
Overseas Chinese 34
3. T he Diplomatic Battle between the
Two Chinas 52
4. T he Communal Battle between the
Red and the Blue 72
5. P ribumi Perceptions of the “Chinese
Problem” 97
6. The 1959–1960 Anti-Chinese Crisis 115
7. T he Ambivalent Alliance between
Beijing and Jakarta 132
8. C hina and the September Thirtieth
Movement 152
9. B eijing, Taipei, and the Emerging
Suharto Regime 172
10. The Overseas Chinese “Returning”
to the People’s Republic 191
vii
viii Contents
Conclusion: “The Motherland Is a
Distant Dream” 211
Notes 219
Glossary 273
Bibliography 277
Index 293
Acknowledgments
I appreciate the financial support I received
from the Faculty Start-up Grant and the Center for Liberal Arts and Social
Sciences (CLASS) Postdoctoral Fellowship at Nanyang Technological Uni-
versity in Singapore, the Henry Luce Foundation/American Council of
Learned Societies (ACLS) Pre-dissertation Grant for Research in China, the
Lee-Teng-hui Fellowship, and the Knight Biggerstaff Fellowship at Cornell
University.
I thank Liang Yingming, Niu Jun, Niu Ke, and Yu Tiejun at Peking Uni-
versity for the unwavering support they have given me for over a decade.
Arne Westad has offered warm encouragement as well as incisive critiques
throughout the years. At Cornell University, Chen Jian, Sherman Cochran,
Eric Tagliacozzo, and Andrew Mertha have spent countless hours helping me
conceptualize this project. I am grateful to inspirations from Jeff Petersen,
T. J. Hinrichs, Durba Ghosh, Thomas Pepinsky, Fredrik Logevall, Chiara For-
michi, Victor Seow, and Liren Zheng. Terima kasih banyak to my Indonesian
language teacher, Jolanda Pandin.
For their contributions during my fieldwork, I owe a debt of gratitude
to Kong Zhiyuan, Wang Yifu, Wang Keping, Huang Huilan, Guo Jingren,
Zhao Meiling, Johan Purnama, Jona Widhagdo Putri, A. Dahana, Johannes
Herlijanto, Didi Kwartanada, Annas Bentari, Dede Oetomo, Kathleen Azali,
Nancy Latour, Marinus van den Berg, Maghiel van Crevel, Klaas Stutje, Ding
Lixing, Jiang Zhenpeng, Zhang Changhong, Zhang Maorong, Shi Xueqin,
Nie Dening, Cai Renlong, Gao Yanjie, and Mona Lohanda. I have run out of
words to express my appreciation for their kindness.
The preparation of the manuscript has benefited greatly from stimulating
conversations with my colleagues in Singapore, particularly Hallam Stevens,
Goh Geok Yian, Fengshi Wu, Scott Anthony, Els van Dongen, Jess Hinchy,
Seng Guo Quan, Koh Keng We, Wen-Qing Ngoei, Ang Cheng Guan, and
Daniel Chua. I thank Liu Hong for his generous support and guidance. Eve-
lyn Hu-DeHart read earlier drafts with meticulous attention to detail and
offered extremely useful advice. I am immensely grateful to Ben Anderson,
ix