MidTriassic new genera and species of Mesopanorpodidae (Insecta, Mecoptera) from Shaanxi, China

2007·0.41 MB·

Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 32 (2) : 261- 267 ( Apr., 2007) ISSN1000(cid:1)0739
动物分类学报
MIDTRIASSIC NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF MESOPANORPODIDAE
(INSECTA, MECOPTERA) FROM SHAANXI, CHINA
HONGYou(cid:1)Chong (Y. C. HONG)*
BeijingMuseumofMaturalHistory, Beijing(cid:1) 100050, China; E(cid:1)mail:hongyouchong@yahoo. com.cn
Abstract(cid:1) Three newgenera andfournewspecies: Longifurculahejiafangensis gen. et sp. nov. Allochorista erdosensis gen. et sp. nov.,
Ladindochoristalata gen. et sp. nov., Itaphlebia tongchuanensis sp. nov. (Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard, 1918) are described. The
specimensare collected from the Upper part grayish(cid:1)green mudstone and shale of the Lower Member of the Middle Triassic
TongchuanFormation (Tr ), Tongchuan Region, ShaanxiProvince, China.
2t
Accordingtothe venational characters, especiallyRsand Mwith4branchesrespectively, these newgenera and speciesshould
bereferredtoMesopanoropodidaeandbelongto newmembersof the Tongchuan Entomassemblage of Shaanxi Entomofauna (one
group of Shaanxifauna or Shaanxi Biota). The Tongchuan Formation, bearing insectsand other fossils, can be corresponded to
EuropeanMidtriassicLadinian stage.
Key words(cid:1) Mesopanorpodidae, Midtriassic, TongchuanFormation(Tr ), ShaanxiEntomofauna, Tongchuan Entomassemblage.
2t
(cid:1) (cid:1) The Mesopanorpodidae as an extinct family, Tariopsids ( Notosteca ) : Xinjiangiops tongchuanensis(cid:1)
distributed widely in the Australia ( P(cid:1)T ), South Africa Xinjiangiops discreta(cid:1)Xinjiangiopshejiafangensis assemblage.
3
(Tr ) and Asia (Tr(cid:1)K ), has been previously reported The holotypes are preserved in Beijing Museum of
3 2 1
by Bode ( 1953), Carpenter ( 1992), Guo and Hong, Natural History, Beijing, China.
2003, Handlirsch ( 1906(cid:1)1908), Hong (1998), Hong, Taxonomic descriptions
Guo et Wang ( 2002), Hong et Guo ( 2004), Hong Insecta Linne, 1758
(2005), Hong, Guo et Li (2005), Martynova (1959, Mecoptera Packard, 1886
1962) , Novokschonov ( 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001), (cid:1) EumecopteraTillyard, 1933
Novokschonov et Sukatcheva ( 2001, 2003), Riek (cid:1) (cid:1) Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard, 1918
( 1950, 1953), Sukatcheva ( 1980, 1985, 1990),
(cid:1) (cid:1) Characters. Forewing wide; Sc extended usually to
Tillyard (1926, 1933), Willmann (1984, 1987) .
Pt( pterostigma) region; Pt usually distinct, sometimes
Many new fossil mesopanorpodids were discovered
indistinct; Rs + MA and MP respectively with 4
from the Upper partgrayish(cid:1)green mudstoneand shale of
branches; MP coalesced with CuAbasally and diverging
the Lower Member, Middle Triassic Tongchuan
anteriorlyat its separationfrom CuA.
Formation ( Tr2t ), belonging to the Southeastern
Distribution. Australia, Europe, Middle Asia,
marginal part of the Erdos basin within theboundaries of
China, South Africa; Upper Permian(cid:1)Early Cretaceous
the Platform of North China. These new genera and
(P2(cid:1)K1) .
species should belong to the new members of the
Tongchuan Entomassemblage of the Shaanxi 1(cid:1) Longifurcula gen. nov.
Entomofauna ( one group of Shaanxi Biota) ( Hong,
Etymology. From the Latin longa(cid:1)long and furca(cid:1)
1998). They are describedas follows.
fork.
The geological age of Tongchuan Formation (Tr2t), Type species: Longifurcula hejiafangensis sp. nov.;
can be corresponded to European Ladinian stage Middle Triassic Tongchuan Formation ( Tr ) of the
2t
according tothestudyresultes on theflora andfaunas. It
Tongchuan region, Shaanxi Province, China.
yields following fossil assemblages, plant: Pleuromeia(cid:1)
Diagnosis. Sc reached beyond midwing and forked
Equisetites(cid:1) Danaeopsis(cid:1) Glossopteris_Neocalamites assemblage;
into3 verylong branches; R waved; Rs+ MAand MP
Sporopollen: Punctatisporites(cid:1) Piceaepollenites assemblage;
respectivelyforked deeply, their branches very long; but
Bivalvia: Shaanxiconcha(cid:1)Sibireconcha assemblage;
stems of Rs1+2 and Rs3+4 and stems of MA1+2 and
Conchostraca: Palaeolimnadids(cid:1)Euestheria assemblage;
MA , respectively shorter slightly than thatof the base
3+4
Ostracoda: Tongchuania(cid:1)Darwinula assemblage; Insecta:
Rs; forking point of MP earlier slightly little than the
Anusoblatta recta(cid:1)Magnicicadia shaanxiensis assemblage;
original point of Rs+ MA.
Theprojectwas supportedbytheBeijingNatural ScienceFoundation(5052013) andbyProgramofExcellentYoungScientistsoftheMinistryofLandand
Resources.
* Author(cid:1)saddress: 3Building(cid:1)137of3HuayuanRd., HaidianDistrict, Beijing China.
Received16 June2006, accepted18Jan. 2007.
261
(cid:1) 2(cid:1)62(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) ActaZootaxonomica Sinica 动物分类学报(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Vol. 32(cid:1) No. 2
Comparison. Accordingto thevenational features of differs from it in the MPforkingin comb(cid:1)like.
the new genus, it can be distinguished from the known Distribution. Shaanxi Province, China; Middle
genera of Mesopanorpodidae in Sc, Rs+ MA and MP Triassic (Tr2).
forking deeply; the base Rs+ MA and MP, stems of
Longifurcula hejiafangensis sp. nov. (Figs(cid:2)1(cid:1)2)
Rs , Rs , MA , MA and MP , MP very
1+2 3+4 1+2 3+4 1+2 3+4
short respectively; thebase Rs longer than common stem Holotype 82TH1(cid:1)1(cid:1)T074.
of the MA. Etymology. From the Hejiafang(cid:1)Hejiafang Village
Althoughthe newgenus is similar toAllochorista gen. (fossil locality) within Tongchuan region.
nov. in theRs+ MAforkingdichotomously deeply, but
Figs(cid:2)1(cid:1)2. Longifurcula hejiafangensis sp. nov.; holotype 82TH(cid:1)1(cid:1)T074. 1(cid:2) Forewing, 6(cid:2)20(cid:2) . (cid:1) 2(cid:2) Forewing, venational
1
character. C(cid:1)Costa, Sc(cid:1)subcosta, Sc(cid:1)Sc(cid:1)ist(cid:1)third branches of Subcosta, Sc+ R(cid:1)merged vein of Subcosta and Radius, R(cid:1)
1 3
Radius, Rs(cid:1)Radiosector, Rs andRs (cid:1)anteriorandposteriorbranchesofRadiosector, R+ MA(cid:1)mergedvein ofRadiusand
1+2 3+4
anterior branchof Media; Rs+ MA(cid:1)mergedvein ofRadiosectorandanteriorbranch ofMediaM(cid:1)Media, MA(cid:1)anterior branch
of Media MA (cid:1)MA (cid:1)anterior and posterior branches of anterior branch of Media, MP(cid:1)posterior branch of Media,
1+2 3+4
MP 、MP (cid:1)omterior and posterior branches of Median posterior branch MP+ CuA(cid:1)merged vein of Median posterior
1+2 3+4
branch andanteriorbranch of Cubitus, CuA, CuP(cid:1)anteriorandposteriorbranchesof Cubitus, A st branchesofanalveins.
1(cid:1)1
Attention: scalebar1mm, includingalltext figsinthispaperandexplanations of allvenationaltermsseein Fig(cid:2)2.
(cid:1) (cid:1) Materials. Possible two overlappingforewings. The wavedand extended beforethe wingapex, and paralleled
anterior part of anal area preserved incompletely, wing to Sc; the bases of Rs MAshort, andforked deeply; Rs
terminal margin damaged, but all main veins preserved + MA. longer conericnouly than MA; the main stem of
distinctly. MP shorter and then connected directly to CuA and
Description. Forewing, the anterior margin arched forked into four branches, the common stems MP1+2
slighly; Sc arched and reached beyond midwing, with 3 longer a little than that of the MP3+4; all branches of Rs
long branches ( Sc1(cid:1)Sc3 ) in costal margin; R single, + MA and MP forked vevry deeply; the base CuA
Apr., 2007 洪友崇: 中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种 (昆虫纲, 长翅目) 263 (cid:1)
arched slightly; the anterior part of CuP, A and A and forked early into stems Rs ; main stem of MA
1 2 1+2
closed to CuA; the wingface withoutcrossveins. very longer than main stem Rs or Rs+ MA or R+ MA;
Measurements. Forewingpreserved length 6(cid:2)5mm, then MAcoslesced with Sc and formed a merged vein Sc
width 2(cid:2)5mm. + R+ MA; stem Rs branched obviouslyearlier than that
Localityand Horizon. Tongchuan region ofShaanxi of MA, all branches of Rs and MA long; M with 4
Province, China; the specimen is collected from the branches, arranging in comb(cid:1)like, and coalesced with
grayish(cid:1)green mudstone and shale of the Upper part of CuA.
the Lower Member, Middle Triassic Tongchuan Comparison. The new genus can be distinguished
Formation (Tr ). fromthe known genera of Mesopanorpodidae in themain
2t
stem of theRs very short, costal spaceabout2(cid:1)3timesas
2(cid:1) Allochorista gen. nov.
wideas that of subcostal, 4 branches of MP arranged in
Etymology. The generic name consists oftheGreek comb(cid:1)like.
allo(cid:1)different andthe old generic name Chorista. Distribution. Shaanxi Province, China; Middle
Type species: Allochorista erdosensis sp. nov.; Middle Triassic (Tr2).
TriassicTongchuan Fromation ( Tr ) of the Tongchuan
2t Allochorista erdosensis sp. nov. (Figs(cid:2)3(cid:1)4)
region of Shaanxi Province, China.
Diagnosis. Forewing, Sc short, not reached Holotype 82TH6(cid:1)1(cid:1)T001.
midwinginanterior margin; costal space about 2(cid:1)3 times Etymology. Erdos(cid:1)from the Erdos basin, showing
as wide as that of subcostal; both Sc and R single; R the fossil locality within the Erdos basin.
extended beyond midwing; main stem of Rs very short
Figs(cid:2)3(cid:1)4(cid:2) Allochorista erdosensis sp. nov.; holotype82TH(cid:1)1(cid:1)T001. 3(cid:2) Forewing, 11(cid:2)30(cid:2) . 4(cid:2) Forewingvenationalcharacter.
6
(cid:1) (cid:1) Materials. Forewing, base of anal veins damaged; merged vein Sc+ R; the costal area wide, about 2(cid:1)3
termainal partand other parts ofthewingand their veins timesas wide as that of the subcostal area; R thick and
are preserved distinctly, but someveins show indistinctly single, waved and extended beyond midwing; Rs+ MA
in the fossil photo. very short butMAverylong, abouttwiceaslongas that
Description. Forewing long(cid:1)oval, anterior margin of Rs; Rs forked early into stems Rs1+2 and Rs3+4 and
arched widely, posterior margin concaved; Sc base bromched earlier than the MA, MP base coalesced
coalesced with R near the wing base, and formed a directlywith CuA, andforked into 4 branches arranging
(cid:1) 2(cid:1)64(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) ActaZootaxonomica Sinica 动物分类学报(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Vol. 32(cid:1) No. 2
upperwards in comb(cid:1)like; bases of CuP, A and A maximumwidth at separating point of Rs with MA; Pt
1 2
damaged, buttheir terminal parts are disctinctly. indistinct.
Measurements. Forewing preserved length 8 mm, Comparison. According to Sc long, running to Pt
width 3(cid:2)1mm. region, especially Rs+ MA and MP respectively with 4
Localityand Horizon. Tongchuan region ofShaanxi branches of the new genus, it should be referred to
Province, China; the specimen is collected from the Mesopanorpodidae, however, it can not belonged to
grayish(cid:1)green mudstone and shale of the Upper part of Nannochoristide Tillyard, 1917, because its Rs with only
the Lower Member, Middle Triassic Tongchuan three branches.
Formation (Tr ). The new genus is similar to Itahplebia Sukacheva,
2t
1985, but differs from it in wing wide and short, the
3(cid:1) Ladinochorosta gen. nov.
round terminal margin of the wing, Sc very straight and
Etymology. From the Greek Ladinian(cid:1)a geological long, and withoutbranches.
stage of the Midtriassic and old generic nameChorista. Besides, thisgenuscanbe distinguishedfromknown
Type species: Ladinochorista lata sp. nov.; Middle genera with in this family in R, MA, MP and their
TriassicTonghcuan Formation ( Tr ) of the Tongchuan branches thicker conspicuously than other veins ( Sc,
2t
region of Shaanxi Province, China. CuA, CuP and A); Sc long and single, R single, Rs
Diagnosis. Wing wide; R, Rs, MA, MPand their forked earlier than MA.
branches obviously thick, other veins weak; Sc single, Distribution. Shaanxi Province, China; Middle
long, extended to Pt region; R single, paralleled toSc; Triassic) (Tr2).
stem of Rs and MAlong, butthe latter longer obviously
Ladinochorista lata sp. nov. (Figs(cid:2)5(cid:1)6)
than the former and ziyaged uperwards; Rs and MA
respectively forkes into anterior and posterior branches; Holotype 82TH6(cid:1)1(cid:1)T222.
Rs stem of MP very long, and forker into MP and Etymology. From the Latin lata(cid:1)wide, showing the
1+2
MP ; stem MP branched later than that of MP ; wide wing.
3+4 1+2 3+4
MP coalesced with CuA basally; radial area wide,
Figs(cid:2)5(cid:1)6. Ladinochoristalata sp. nov.; holotype 82TH(cid:1)1(cid:1)T222(cid:2) 5(cid:2) Forewing, 12(cid:2) . 6(cid:2)Forewingvenationalcharacter.
6
Apr., 2007 洪友崇: 中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种 (昆虫纲, 长翅目) 265 (cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:1) Materials. Possible two overlapping hindwings (?). MP ; CuA, CuP and A preserved incompletely; Pt
3+4 1
Bases ofSc, R, Rs, Cu and A1(cid:1)A3 damaged, but other indistinct; the wingface clothed irregular brown maculae,
parts oftheveins well(cid:1)preserved. Besides, a small elytra especiallyattheposterior partof the wing.
(Coleoptera) covered on the cubitoanal area of the wing Measurements. Hindwing (?) preserved length 10
face. mm, width 5mm.
Description. Hindwing ( ?) wide, maximum width Locality andHorizon. Tongchuan region ofShaanxi
about at CuPend; costal margin straight, wingwide and Province, China. Thefossil iscollected fromthegrayish(cid:1)
short, its apex round; Sc long, extended to Pt region, green shaleand mudstone of theUpper part of theLower
butunbranched; R single, very thick, paralleled to Sc; Member of Tongchuan Formation ( Tr ).
2t
main stemRs+ MAlong, stretched downwards, thenRs
4(cid:1) Itaphlebia Sukatcheva, 1985
curved upwards and forked into stems of Rs1+2 and
Rs3+4; MAtheyreachedwingmargin; thelater stretched Itaphlebia tongchuanensis sp. nov. (Figs(cid:2)7(cid:1)8)
downwardsand forked into MA1+2, MA3+4; Rs branch Etymology. From the fossil locality Tongchuan of
earlier Rs3 and Rs4; stemRs1+2 branched earlier than that Shaanxi Province.
of stem Rs3+4; stem Rs3+4 curved suddenly upperwards Holotype 82TH2(cid:1)2(cid:1)T144.
and combined with r(cid:1)m; main stem MP very long, Materials. Only one forewing specimen, its
stretched downwards and forkedinto stems ofMP1+2 and posterior part damaged, but its venation preserved
MP3+4, stem MP1+2 about 2(cid:2)5 times as long as that of distinctly.
Figs(cid:2)7(cid:1)8(cid:2) Itaphlebia tongchuanensis sp. nov.; holotype 82TH(cid:1)2(cid:1)T144. 7(cid:2) Forewing, 7(cid:2)10 (cid:2) (cid:1) 8(cid:2) Forewing venational
2
character, explanationsof venationaltermssee inFig(cid:2)2.
(cid:1) (cid:1) Description. Forewing greater size, long ( 14 mm) costal area broader slightly than subcostal; Sc long,
and broad ( 5 mm); the costal margin arched widely; extended beyond midwing in costal margin and forked
(cid:1) 2(cid:1)66(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) ActaZootaxonomica Sinica 动物分类学报(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Vol. 32(cid:1) No. 2
into 3branches: Sc , Sc and Sc ; Sc longest, Sc bend Acknowledgements(cid:1) The author debted to photographer
1 2 3 1 2
slightly and longer than Sc3, Sc3 shortest and almost WANGJin(cid:1)Rong (Fig(cid:2)4) and Professor WANG Wen(cid:1)
straight; the main stem of R+ MA coalesced with the Li (Figs(cid:2)1(cid:1)3) forfossil photographicalwork; and toDr.
baseScandformeda merged vein Sc+ R+ MA; the base vice(cid:1)Professor ZHANG Zhi(cid:1)Jun for check of my
of R stretched downwards obliquely, then running manuscript.
upwards and paralleled to Sc; the base of Rs+ MA
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Apr., 2007 洪友崇: 中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种 (昆虫纲, 长翅目) 267 (cid:1)
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中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种 (昆虫纲, 长翅目)
洪友崇
北京自然博物馆(cid:1) 北京(cid:1) 100050; E(cid:1)mail: [email protected]
摘(cid:1) 要(cid:1) 记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae4属4种, 其中包括 种系陕西昆虫群铜川昆虫组合的新成员 (属陕西动物群、陕
3 新 属 4 新 种: Longifurcula hejiafangensi gen. et sp. nov, 西生物群的一个类别)。根据前人的植物、孢子、双壳、叶
Ladinochorista lata gen. et sp. nov., Allochorista erdosensis gen. et sp. 肢介、介形虫、昆虫化石等的研究结果, 铜川组的时代划归
nov., Itaphlebiatongchuanensis sp. nov. 。化石标本采自陕西铜川 中三叠世, 相当于欧洲中三叠世拉丁尼期 (Ladinian stage)。
中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。这些新属、
关键词(cid:1) 中蝎蛉科, 中三叠世, 铜川组, 陕西昆虫群, 铜川昆虫组合.
中图分类号(cid:1) Q915(cid:2)819(cid:2)7