Microwave Integrated Circuit Components Design through MATLAB®

217 Pages·2019·11.988 MB·English

by  S Raghavan

Microwave Integrated
Circuit Components
Design through
MATLAB®

Microwave Integrated
Circuit Components
Design through
MATLAB®
S. Raghavan
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks
does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of
MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The
MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software
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Dedicated to
JEGADHA Singaravelus,
Alagappans, Sarojini Sellamuthus, VNC Vijayakumars
Dr. A. MEENAKSHI SUNDARI, ARUNDHATHI, ABHIMANYU
Students and
Prof. Bharathi Bhat

Contents
Foreword ..............................................................................................................xiii
Preface .....................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................xvii
Author ...................................................................................................................xix
1. Transmission Line Networks .......................................................................1
1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................1
1.2 Characteristic Impedance for Different Lengths
(λ /4, λ /2, λ /8) ..................................................................................2
g g g
1.2.1 Property of a Quarter Wavelength (λ /4)
g
Transmission Line ....................................................................2
1.2.2 Property of a Half Wavelength (λ /2) Transmission Line ....3
g
1.2.3 Property of a One-Eighth Wavelength (λ /8)
g
Transmission Line ....................................................................3
1.3 T-Network and π-Network Sections Equivalent of a
Transmission Line .................................................................................3
1.4 T-Network and π-Network ...................................................................6
1.5 Standard L-Section from Which All Other Network
Topologies Are Built .............................................................................7
1.6 Standard T-Network and π-Network Formed with Basic
L-Section Shown in Figure 1.7 .............................................................8
1.7 Relationship between Z, Z and Cutoff Frequency (f) ...................9
1 2 c
1.8 Methods of Realizing L and C ..........................................................10
1.8.1 Stub Method ...........................................................................10
1.9 S-Parameters ........................................................................................11
1.10 ABCD Parameters ...............................................................................16
1.10.1 ABCD Parameters General Form.........................................16
1.10.2 Series Impedance ...................................................................16
1.10.3 Conversion of ABCD Parameters of Series
Impedance to S-Parameters ..................................................17
1.10.4 Shunt Admittance ..................................................................17
1.10.5 Conversion of ABCD Parameters of Shunt
Admittance to S-Parameters ................................................18
1.10.6 Series Impedance Cascade with a Shunt Admittance ......19
1.10.7 Transformer ............................................................................19
1.10.8 Properties of ABCD Parameters ..........................................20
1.11 Two-Port Networks Matched on Image and Iteration Basics .......21
1.12 Equivalent Transmission Line Circuit Representation of TM
(Transverse Magnetic) and TE (Transverse Electric) Waves .........22
1.13 Basic Interconnection of the Two-Port Network .............................23
vii
viii Contents
1.14 Transmission Line ...............................................................................24
1.15 Effective ABCD Parameters ...............................................................25
1.16 Conversion of ABCD Parameters of the Transformer
into S-Parameters ................................................................................25
1.17 Unit Element (UE) ...............................................................................27
1.18 K-Inverter (Impedance Inverter) .......................................................28
1.19 J-Inverter (Admittance Inverter) .......................................................29
1.20 Analysis of Odd Mode and Even Mode ...........................................30
1.21 Kuroda’s Identities ..............................................................................33
1.21.1 Introduction ............................................................................33
1.21.2 First Kuroda Identity .............................................................33
1.21.3 Second Kuroda Identity ........................................................34
1.21.4 Fourth Kuroda Identity .........................................................35
1.21.5 Conclusion ..............................................................................37
Bibliography ...................................................................................................38
2. Planar Transmission Lines .........................................................................39
2.1 Microwave Theory and Circuits .......................................................40
2.1.1 Introduction to Microwaves .................................................40
2.1.2 Microwave Integrated Circuits ...........................................40
2.1.3 Introduction to Planar Transmission Lines .......................41
2.1.4 Various Planar Transmission Lines .....................................42
2.1.5 Parameters for Selection of Transmission Structure ........43
2.1.6 Calculation of Z, ν , and ε ...............................................44
0 ph eff
2.2 Planar Transmission Lines and Microwave
Integrated Circuits .........................................................................45
2.3 Stripline ................................................................................................46
2.3.1 Suspended Stripline ..............................................................47
2.3.2 Expressions for Z, λ , and ε ..............................................48
0 g eff
2.3.3 Summary of Stripline ............................................................49
2.4 Microstripline ......................................................................................50
2.4.1 Applications of Microstripline .............................................51
2.4.2 Expressions of Z and ε ......................................................52
0 eff
2.4.3 Expressions for w/h in Terms of Z and ε .......................52
0 eff
2.4.4 Effect of Strip Thickness (t) ...................................................52
2.4.5 Losses .......................................................................................53
2.4.6 Power-Handling Capability .................................................53
2.4.7 Average Power ........................................................................54
2.4.8 Density of Heat Flow due to Conductor Loss ....................54
2.4.9 Microstrip–Quasi-TEM Mode ..............................................55
2.4.10 Frequency Limitations in Microstrip ..................................56
2.4.11 Microstrip Design Summary ...............................................57
2.5 Suspended Microstripline and Inverted Microstripline ...............57
2.5.1 Characteristic Impedance Z and Effective Dielectric
0
Constant ε For Microstrip, .................................................59
eff
Contents ix
2.6 Slotline ..................................................................................................59
2.6.1 Advantages .............................................................................60
2.6.2 Disadvantages ........................................................................61
2.7 Comparison between Slot Line and Microstrip Line ....................61
2.8 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) .............................................................62
2.8.1 Calculation of Phase Velocity (ν ) and Z for CPW
p 0
with Infinitely Thick Substrate ............................................63
2.8.2 Advantages .............................................................................63
2.8.3 Disadvantages ........................................................................64
2.8.4 Applications ............................................................................64
2.9 Coplanar Strips ....................................................................................65
2.9.1 Calculation of Z and ε .......................................................65
0 eff
2.10 Finline ...................................................................................................66
2.10.1 Basic Finline Structures ........................................................67
2.10.2 Some Coupled Finline Structures .......................................69
2.10.3 E-Plane Transmission Lines Other than Finlines .............69
2.10.4 Advantages .............................................................................69
2.10.5 Disadvantages ........................................................................70
2.11 Microwave Integrated Circuit ...........................................................72
2.11.1 Hybrid MIC .............................................................................73
2.11.2 Monolithic Circuits ................................................................73
2.11.3 Technology of Hybrid MICs .................................................73
2.11.4 Transmission Media for MICs ..............................................74
2.11.5 Fabrication of Hybrid MICs ..................................................74
2.11.6 Advantages of MICs ..............................................................75
2.11.6.1 Reduction in Cost ...................................................76
2.11.6.2 Improvement in Performance ...............................76
2.11.6.3 Good Reproducibility and Reliability .................77
2.11.6.4 Small Size and Weight ...........................................77
2.11.6.5 Wide Bandwidth .....................................................78
2.11.7 Difficulties of MICs ................................................................78
2.11.8 Applications of MMICs .........................................................79
2.11.9 Substrates for MICs ................................................................79
2.11.10 Microwave Integrated Circuits – Salient Features ............80
2.11.11 Lumped Elements for MICs .................................................80
2.12 Static –TEM Parameters ......................................................................80
2.12.1 Static Analysis ........................................................................81
2.13 Effects of Discontinuities ...................................................................82
2.14 Applications of Transmission Line more than 100 GHz ................83
2.14.1 Open Homogeneous Dielectric Guides ..............................83
2.14.2 Image Guide ...........................................................................83
2.14.3 Nonradiative Dielectric Guide .............................................83
2.14.4 H-Guide ...................................................................................85
2.14.5 Groove Guide .........................................................................85
2.14.6 Dielectric Integrated Guide ..................................................85