Microsoft XNA Unleashed: Graphics and Game Programming for Xbox 360 and Windows (R) XNA(TM) Unleashed: Graphics and Game Programming for Xbox 360 and Windows

543 Pages·4.305 MB·English

by  Carter, Chad

Chad Carter
Microsoft
®
XNA
™
U N L E A S H E D
Graphics and Game
Programming for
Xbox 360 and Windows
800 East 96th Street,Indianapolis,Indiana 46240 USA
Microsoft® XNA™ Unleashed: Graphics and Game Programming for Editor-in-Chief
Xbox 360 and Windows Karen Gettman
Copyright © 2008 by Chad Carter
Acquisitions Editor
All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced,stored in a retrieval
system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording, Neil Rowe
or otherwise,without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is
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precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book,the publisher and author Mark Renfrow
assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for
damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Managing Editor
ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32964-7 Gina Kanouse
ISBN-10: 0-672-32964-6
Project Editor
Andy Beaster
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Copy Editor
Carter,Chad.
Teresa Horton
Microsoft XNA unleashed : graphics and game programming for Xbox 360 and
Windows / Chad Carter. — 1st ed.
Indexer
p. cm.
ISBN 0-672-32964-6 Erika Millen
1. Microsoft XNA (Computer file) 2. Computer games—Programming. 3. Video
games. I. Title. Proofreader
QA76.76.C672C383 2007 Eileen Clark
794.8’1526—dc22
2007025607 Technical Editor
Shawn Hargreaves
Printed in the United States of America
Team Coordinator
First Printing July 2007
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction...................................................................................1
Part I Get Up and Running with XNA on Your PC and Xbox 360
1 Introducing XNA and XNA Game Studio Express..................................7
2 XNA and the Xbox 360...................................................................19
3 Performance Considerations............................................................35
Part II Understanding XNA Basics
4 Creating 3D Objects.......................................................................59
5 Input Devices and Cameras..............................................................85
Part III Content Pipeline
6 Loading and Texturing 3D Objects..................................................113
7 Sound and Music .........................................................................123
8 Extending the Content Pipeline......................................................153
Part IV 2D in XNA
9 2D Basics....................................................................................171
10 2D Effects...................................................................................191
11 Creating a 2D Game.....................................................................217
Part V High Level Shader Language
12 HLSL Basics.................................................................................255
13 Advanced HLSL............................................................................275
Part VI Physics and Artificial Intelligence
14 Physics Basics..............................................................................289
15 Finite State Machines and Game State Management...........................307
16 AI Algorithms..............................................................................337
Part VII 3D Effects
17 Advanced Texturing Techniques......................................................353
18 Special Effects..............................................................................379
19 Particle System.............................................................................397
Part VIII Putting It Into Practice
20 Creating a 3D Game.....................................................................433
21 Improving the Game.....................................................................463
22 Finishing Touches.........................................................................479
Index.........................................................................................501
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Part I Get Up and Running with XNA on Your PC and Xbox 360
1 Introducing XNA and XNA Game Studio Express 7
What Is the XNA Framework?............................................................7
The Foundation of the XNA Framework.......................................8
XNA Today.............................................................................9
Installing Visual C# Express.............................................................10
Installing the DirectX Runtime.........................................................14
Installing XNA Game Studio Express.................................................15
Creating Spacewar Windows Project..................................................17
Compiling and Running Spacewar....................................................17
Summary......................................................................................17
2 XNA and the Xbox 360 19
Creating Spacewar Xbox 360 Project.................................................19
Buying the XNA Creators Club Subscription.......................................20
Connecting the Xbox 360 to the PC..................................................22
Deploying on the Xbox 360.............................................................23
Debugging on the Xbox 360............................................................25
Creating a Test Demo for the Xbox 360.............................................25
Programming for Dual Platforms......................................................28
The .NET Compact Framework on the Xbox 360.................................33
Summary......................................................................................33
3 Performance Considerations 35
Measure, Measure, Measure..............................................................35
The 80–20 Rule......................................................................36
Creating a Benchmark.............................................................37
Monitoring Performance on the Xbox 360.................................39
Managing Memory.........................................................................40
Understanding the Garbage Collector................................................41
On the .NET Framework (Windows)..........................................41
On the .NET Compact Framework (Xbox 360).............................42
Optimization Suggestions................................................................43
Creating a Micro-Benchmark Framework....................................43
Contents v
Sealing Virtual Methods..........................................................53
Collections............................................................................53
Summary......................................................................................54
Part II Understanding XNA Basics
4 Creating 3D Objects 59
Vertices........................................................................................59
Vectors.........................................................................................59
Matrices.......................................................................................60
Transformations.............................................................................60
Translation............................................................................60
Scaling.................................................................................60
Rotation...............................................................................60
Transformations Reloaded...............................................................60
Creating a Camera.........................................................................61
Projection.............................................................................61
View....................................................................................62
World...................................................................................63
Vertex Buffers................................................................................63
Effects..........................................................................................66
Textures........................................................................................68
Index Buffers.................................................................................69
XNA Game Components.................................................................72
Checking Performance....................................................................75
Transformations Revolutions............................................................79
Summary......................................................................................83
5 Input Devices and Cameras 85
Creating a Game Service..................................................................85
Starting a Library...........................................................................88
Working with Input Devices............................................................91
Keyboard..............................................................................91
Game Pad.............................................................................95
Mouse (Windows Only)...........................................................98
Creating a Stationary Camera.........................................................100
Creating a First Person Camera.......................................................103
Creating a Split Screen..................................................................106
Summary....................................................................................110
vi Microsoft XNA Unleashed
Part III Content Pipeline
6 Loading and Texturing 3D Objects 113
Understanding the Content Pipeline................................................113
Loading 3D Models.......................................................................114
Texturing 3D Models.....................................................................120
Summary....................................................................................121
7 Sounds and Music 123
Microsoft Cross-Platform Audio Creation Tool (XACT)........................123
Wave Banks.................................................................................124
Sounds Banks..............................................................................125
Understanding Variations..............................................................125
Updating Our Input Handlers.........................................................134
Plugging In Our Sound Manager.....................................................140
Creating a Sound Demo................................................................147
Summary....................................................................................151
8 Extending the Content Pipeline 153
Creating a Skybox........................................................................153
Creating the Skybox Content Object........................................154
Creating the Skybox Processor................................................154
Creating the Skybox Compiler................................................162
Creating the Skybox Reader....................................................164
Using the Skybox.........................................................................165
Debugging the Content Pipeline Extension.......................................167
Summary....................................................................................168
Part IV 2D in XNA
9 2D Basics 171
Sprite Batches..............................................................................171
Sprite Blend Modes...............................................................173
Sprite Sort Modes..................................................................173
Save State Modes..................................................................174
Practical Sprite Batches..................................................................175
Splash or Loading Screen Demo..............................................176
Drawing Multiple Sprites from One Texture Demo.....................178
Sprite Batch Blend and Sort Mode Demo..................................179
Progress Bar Demo................................................................184
Using Sprite Fonts........................................................................188
Importing Truetype Fonts.......................................................188
Contents vii
Creating Bitmap Fonts...........................................................189
Drawing 2D Text..................................................................189
Summary....................................................................................190
10 2D Effects 191
Cel Animation.............................................................................191
Rotating and Scaling.....................................................................201
Blending Mode Example................................................................203
Fade to Color...............................................................................204
Making Fire Old School Style..........................................................206
Explosions...................................................................................214
Summary....................................................................................216
11 Creating a 2D Game 217
Setting Up the Game Skeleton........................................................217
Creating Parallax Scrolling.............................................................220
Switching States...........................................................................229
Drawing Our Hero........................................................................230
Drawing Our Enemies...................................................................235
Handling Collision Detection.........................................................241
Winning and Losing.....................................................................243
Adding Transitions.......................................................................244
Adding Explosions........................................................................247
Adding Sounds.............................................................................252
Summary....................................................................................252
Part V High Level Shader Language
12 HLSL Basics 255
Understanding the Shader Process...................................................257
HLSL Syntax................................................................................258
Variable Types......................................................................258
Semantics............................................................................260
Structs................................................................................260
Intrinsic Functions................................................................263
Loops and Conditions...........................................................267
Vertext Shaders............................................................................267
Pixel Shaders...............................................................................268
Techniques..................................................................................269
Passes.........................................................................................269
Passing Application Data to the GPU...............................................270
HLSL Demo.................................................................................270
Summary....................................................................................274
viii Microsoft XNA Unleashed
13 Advanced HLSL 275
Vertex Displacement.....................................................................275
Postprocessing.............................................................................277
Setting Up Our Game Code....................................................277
Setting Up Our Effect Code....................................................280
More Postprocessing Examples........................................................281
Negative Image....................................................................281
Switching RGB Values ...........................................................281
Sharpening the Image...........................................................282
Blurring an Image.................................................................282
Embossed............................................................................283
Grayscale............................................................................283
Chalk.................................................................................284
Wavy..................................................................................284
Summary....................................................................................285
Part VI Physics and Artificial Intelligence
14 Physics Basics 289
Kinesmatics.................................................................................289
Velocity..............................................................................290
Acceleration.........................................................................290
Force..........................................................................................294
Collisions....................................................................................295
Momentum.........................................................................295
Impulse...............................................................................296
Conservation of Momentum..................................................296
Kinetic Energy......................................................................296
Coefficient of Restitution.......................................................296
Conservation of Kinetic Energy...............................................297
Solving Our Final Velocities....................................................297
Creating a Collision Response Demo........................................297
Summary....................................................................................305
15 Finite State Machines and Game State Management 307
Finite State Machine.....................................................................307
Object-Oriented Design.................................................................308
Managing Game States..................................................................309
Managing Game States Demo.........................................................312
Summary....................................................................................335
Contents ix
16 AI Algorithms 337
Setting Up Our Demo ...................................................................337
Chase Algorithm..........................................................................342
A Better Chase Algorithm..............................................................343
Evading Algorithm.......................................................................344
Random Movement......................................................................344
Creating a Finite State Machine......................................................346
Summary....................................................................................349
Part VII 3D Effects
17 Advanced Texturing Techniques 353
3D Lighting.................................................................................353
Creating a Custom Vertex Format............................................353
Creating the Demo...............................................................356
Ambient Lighting.................................................................359
Directional Lighting..............................................................361
Bump Mapping............................................................................364
Normal Mapping..........................................................................365
Parallax Mapping.........................................................................369
Relief Mapping.............................................................................372
Texture Animation........................................................................376
Summary....................................................................................378
18 Special Effects 379
Transitions..................................................................................379
Cross-Fade (Dissolve).............................................................384
Directional Wipes.................................................................385
Making Fire.................................................................................390
Summary....................................................................................396
19 Particle System 397
Particle System Defined.................................................................397
Point Sprite Defined......................................................................398
Creating the Particle Class.............................................................398
Creating the VertexPointerSpriteStruct.........................................404
Creating the Particle System Engine.................................................405
Point Sprite Effect File...................................................................414
Particle System Demo....................................................................417
Creating Particle Effects.................................................................420
Rain...................................................................................420