Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Liquids PDF
Preview Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Liquids
Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Liquids NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world, as sembled in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division. Series B: Physics RECENT VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES Volume 25 - Chemistry and Physics of One-Dimensional Metals edited by Heimo J. Keller Volume 26 - New Developments in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics-Cargese 1976 edited by Maurice Levy and Pronob Mitter Volume 27 - Topics in Theoretical and Experimental Gravitation Physics edited by V. De Sabbata and). Weber Volume 28 - Material Characterization Using Ion Beams edited by J. P. Thomas and A. Cachard Volume 29 - Electron-Phonon Interactions and Phase Transitions edited by Tormod Riste Volume 30 - Many Degrees of Freedom in Field Theory edited by L. Streit Volume 31 - Many Degrees of Freedom in Particle Theory edited by H. Satz Volume 32 - Electron and Ion Spectroscopy of Solids edited by L. Fiermans, J. Vennik, and W. Dekeyser Volume 33 - Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Liquids edited by 1. Dupuy and A. J. Dianoux Volume 34 - Path Integrals and Their Applications in Quantum, Statistical, and Solid State Physics edited by George Papadopoulos and 1. T. Devreese Volume 35 - Correlation Functions and Quasiparticle Interactions in Condensed Matter edited by J. Woods Halley The series is published by an international board of publishers in con junction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston D Behavioral and Sijthoff Interna tional Publishing Company Social Sciences Leiden E Applied Sciences Noordhoff International Publishing Leidcn Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Liquids Edited by 1. Dupuy Universite Claude Bernard Villeurbanne, France and A.1. Dianoux Institut Laue-Langevin Grenoble, France PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Nato Advanced Study Institute, Corsica, France, 1977. Microscopic structure and dynamics of liquids. (Nato advanced study institute series: Series B, Physics; 33) "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Corsica, France, Sep tember, 1977." Includes index. 1. Liquids-Congresses. 2. Fluid dynamics-Congresses. 3. Microstructure-Con gresses. I. Dupuy, Josette. II. Dianoux, A. J. III. Title. IV. Series. QC138.NI8 1977 530.4'2 784197 TSBN-13: 978-1-4684-0861-4 e-TSBN-13: 978-1-4684-0859-1 DOT: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0859-1 Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Corsica, France, September, 1977 © 1978 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, NewYork,N.Y. 10011 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Preface What did we have in mind when in May, 1976, we (Professor de Gennes, Dr. Tourand and ourselves) thought of a Summer School in the field of liquids? First, we wanted to present and discuss the new results that have been obtained recently, in particular at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble since it became operational in 1972. In order to achieve this goal, the major part of this Summer School was devoted to an ex tensive presentation of the gen~ra1 concepts and methods of study ing this state of matter (time-dependent correlation functions, molecular dynamics, intermolecular forces, spectroscopic tech niques ••• ) and concentrated on a few specific systems which have seen significant development in the last few years, both theoret ically and experimentally. These systems are the different classes of simple liquids: metallic liquids, ionic liquids, simple molecu lar liquids and the new field of superionic conductors (solid electrolytes). Furthermore, we wanted to put some emphasis on a particular research area in the field of liquids, namely critical phenomena in fluids. This was chosen both because of our personal interest in this field and the major theoretical advances which have occurred in the last ten years. We also wished that some new powerful techniques or new theo retical approaches be presented at this School. Thus, picosecond laser techniques, theoretical calculations on dipolar fluids, and angular correlations in molecular liquids were the subject of specific seminars. However, such a Summer School could not be fruitful if we did not hear of new results and promote scientific exchange between the participants. This was achieved through a free poster session and five Round Table discussions animated by specialists. We were thus able to exchange ideas and knowledge in the various domains of collective motions in liquids, light and neutron scattering, criti cal phenomena in fluids, supercooled liquids and solid electrolytes. y vi PREFACE We thank the lecturers, the scientific animators and the specialists for the success they brought to this School, success which was clearly evident through the enthusiasm of all partici pants during these two weeks. This Summer School is the third in the field of liquids which has been organized in France. The first two, which were organized in Menton by Professor Bratos, dealt essentially with the tech- niques for studying liquids. This Summer School is the fifth of the kind promoted by Professor C. H. S. Dupuy (Advanced Study Institute of Material Science). Corsica is well adapted for the particular style we wanted to attain: a common life of two weeks at a congenial loca tion, far from laboratories or cities. We very much appreciate the help of those who understood the advantages this region could offer to our School: Mr. V. Carlotti, "Consei1ler Gem!ral," Mr. X. Carlotti, Mayor of Aleria, and Mr. M. Angelini, Mayor of Tallone, who enabled all the participants to feel the warm hospitality of Corsica, hospitality that we met every day amongst the staff of the holiday village of Casabianda. Our presence at this resort was made possible through the kindness of Mr. H. P. Bonaldi and Mr. J. Talbert. We wish to acknowledge the financial support of NATO and the comprehension of Dr. Kester from its Scientific Affairs Division, of the Region Corse, of the Institut Laue-Langevin and of the IRF-CEA. We thank the members of the Scientific Committee, Professors Alder, Bratos, de Gennes, Powles, Springer, and Tosi, who had the difficult task of deciding orientations and choices. Finally, we thank our everyday collaborators, Dr. Chassagne, Mr. Guiraud, Mrs. Parisot and Mrs. Giraud, for all the work they have done to assure success of this School. J. Dupuy A. J. Dianoux Contents PART I BASIC LECTURES Correlation Functions and Their Relationship with Experiments ••••••• 3 J.-P. Hansen Molecular Dynamics: Principles and Applications 69 I. R. McDonald Interatomic and Intermolecular Forces • • • • • • • • • •• 107 A. D. Buckingham Electronic Theory of the Thermodynamics and Structure of Liquid Metals 153 R. Evans Spectroscopic Methods for the Study of Local . . . . . . . Dynamics in Polyatomic Fluids • • • 221 F. Volino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Structure of Ionic Liquids 301 J. E. Enderby Critical Phenomena in Fluids 333 P. C. Hohenberg PART II SEMINARS Picosecond Laser Techniques • 369 A. Laubereau and W. Kaiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On Dipolar Fluids • 381 J. J. Weis vii viii CONTENTS Orientational Correlations in Molecular Liquids • • • • • • • • • • • 403 M. D. Zeidler PART III ROUND TABLES A. Solid Electrolytes P. G. de Gennes (Animator) Fast Ion Conductors - An Introduction 415 K. Funke . . . . . . . Toward a Theory of Superionic Conductors 429 L. Pietronero and S. Strassler Superionic Conductors: The Independent Particle Model • • • • • • • 437 P. Fulde Quasielastic Neutron Scattering from . . . . . . . a-AgI 447 K. Funke, G. Eckold, and R. E. Lechner Single Particle and Collective Aspects of the Silver Ion Motion in a-AgI • • • • • • • • 459 R. E. Lechner, G. Eckold, and K. Funke B. Coherent Neutron Scattering • 471 J. R. D. Copley (Animator) C. Light Scattering •• • • • • 485 J. G. Powles (Animator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Critical Phenomena •••• 491 J. G. Powles (Animator) PART IV - INFORMAL EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . A. Round Table on Supercooled Liquids 499 C. A. Angell (Convener) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Poster Session •• • • • • 501 T. Springer (Organizer) CONTENTS ix CLOSING ADDRESS Liquid State Research: Why? 507 P. G. de Gennes Participants 515 Index • 521 Basic Lectures
The list of books you might like
