Microscale testing in aquatic toxicology : advances, techniques, and practice PDF
Preview Microscale testing in aquatic toxicology : advances, techniques, and practice
Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology Advances, Techniques, and Practice Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology Advances, Techniques, and Practice edited by Peter G. Wells, Ph.D. Kenneth Lee, Ph.D Christian Blaise, D. Sc. with the assistance of Johanne Gauthier, M.Sc. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor Sc Francis Group, an informa business Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Microscale testing in aquatic toxicology : advances, techniques, and practice / edited by Peter G. Wells, Kenneth Lee, Christian Blaise; with the editorial assistance of Johanne Gauthier, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2626-5 (alk, paper) 1. Water quality bioassay. 1. Wells, P. G. II. Lee, Kenneth, 1953- III. Blaise, Christian. IV. Gauthier, Johanne, 1961- QH90.57.B5M535 1997 628.1'61-dc21 97-18407 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $.50 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 0-8493-2626-5/98/$0.00-i-$.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. © 1998 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-2626-5 Library of Congress Card Number 97-18407 About the Editors Peter G. Wells, Ph.D., is a Senior Coastal Research Scientist with Environment Canada in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, a federal agency with whom he has worked since 1974. He has academic appointments at the School for Resource and Environmental Studies (SRES) and the Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax; the Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research, Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S; and the Bermuda Biological Station for Research. Since 1988, he has chaired several working groups for the United Nations GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmen tal Protection), of which he is now Vice-Chair. Dr. Wells attended schools in England, Calgary, and Montreal; received degrees at McGill University (B.Sc., Zoology, 1967), the University of Toronto (M.Sc., Marine Zoology, 1969), and the Uni versity of Guelph (Ph.D., Zoology, 1976). He has worked at the Biological Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, (marine fisheries biologist and doctoral candidate, 1969-74); Environment Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S. (aquatic toxicologist, Head-Aquatic Toxicology and principal research scientist, 1974-83); the University of Toronto, Institute for Environmental Studies (Research Associate and principal research scientist, 1980-83); Environment Canada, Ottawa (Toxic Chemicals Assessment Advisor, 1983-85); Envi ronment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. (Senior Advisor and Research Manager, Marine Environmental Quality, 1985-94); and Dalhousie University (SRES, Associate Professor-Research, 1991-94). Primary research interests are in the areas of aquatic and marine ecotoxicology — the ecotoxicology of oil-derived hydrocarbons, spill control agents, contaminated sediments and other complex mix tures; the development and application of microscale marine toxicity tests; the role of marine ecotoxicology in identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring marine pollution problems; and the role of science in integrated coastal management. Current research is largely in the science and application of marine microscale bioassays in hazard assessments of contaminated sediments, focusing on coastal inlets and the mud flats of the Bay of Fundy. Since 1970, Dr. Wells has written, coauthored, or edited well over 100 primary and technical publications, dealing largely with contaminants and pollutants in aquatic and marine environments. Recent contributions as writer and/or editor include: Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Marine Environmental Quality (1988); the National Academy of Sciences (NRC) review. Using Oil Spill Dispersants on the Sea, (1989); Controlling Chemical Hazards (Unwin-Hyman, 1991); Health of Our Oceans: Status of Canadian Marine Environmental Quality (Environment Canada, 1991); Progress and Trends in Marine Environmental Protection (Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 25(1-4), 1992); the United Nations GESAMP Reports and Studies No. 50 Impacts of Oil Pollution and Related Chemicals and Wastes on the Sea (IMO London 1993); Proceedings of the Coastal Zone Canada '94 Conference (1994, 1996); Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Eate and Effects in Alaskan Waters (ASTM STP 1219, 1995); The Rio de la Plata: An Environmental Overview. An Ecoplata Project Background Report (1st edition, 1996); GESAMP Reports and Studies No. 58 Opportunistic Settlers and the Problem of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi Invasion in the Black Sea (1997); and Eundy Issues. Scientific Overview and Workshop Proceedings (1997). Dr. Wells chairs the Fundy Marine Ecosystem Science Project, a new Canadian initiative in coastal marine science and management. He is the past Chair and an active member of the Canadian Intergovernmental Aquatic Toxicity Group. He is a founding member of the National Steering Committee for the Canadian National Aquatic Toxicity Workshops and a charter member of the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC). He has chaired many sessions on microscale aquatic toxicity testing. He has served on several editorial boards, currently those of Ecotoxicology and the Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada. At Dalhousie University, he offers three graduate courses — Fundamentals of Environmental Toxicology, Aquatic Toxicology and Water Quality Assessment, and Readings in Marine Ecotoxicology — and supervises numerous graduate and honors students in marine ecotoxicology. Kenneth Lee, Ph.D. is a research scientist with the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans — Canada, where he heads the Microbiology and Hydrocarbons Section, Marine Environ mental Sciences Division. He is responsible for research programs in microbial ecology, toxicology, and chemical oceanography relating to the transformation of contaminants in estuarine and coastal environ ments. He holds academic appointments as Adjunct Professor at the University of Toronto (Department of Botany) and the University of Québec at Rimouski (Department of Oceanography). Dr. Lee received his B.Sc. degree in biology from Dalhousie University in 1975. He obtained his M.Sc. degree in limnology and his Ph.D. degree in microbial ecology from the University of Toronto in 1977 and 1982, respectively. He was an NSERC Visiting Scientist at the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Ocean Chemistry Division, Fish eries and Oceans Canada, from 1982 to 1984. Dr. Lee is currently a principal investigator in several multinational research programs focused on oil spill counter-measure technologies, such as bioremediation, and environmental impact assess ment techniques. He has published over 80 articles in scientific journals, technical reports, and book chapters, and is a member of the editorial board of the journal. Environmental Technology. Dr. Lee frequently provides expert advice to scientific groups, industry, and government on R&D policy decisions. Christian Blaise, D.Sc. is a senior research scientist at the Saint- Lawrence Centre, Environment Canada, Québec Region, where he heads the Bioanalytical Research Unit (BRU), Ecotoxicology and Environmental Chemistry Section. He also holds adjunct professor status at UQAR (Université du Québec à Rimouski), where he con tributes to teaching and (co)directs graduate students in the field of ecotoxicology. Dr. Blaise obtained university diplomas from the University of Montréal (B.A., 1967: biology and chemistry). University of Ottawa (B.Sc., 1970: cell biology; M.Sc., 1973: environmental microbiology) and the University of Metz (D.Sc., 1984: ecotoxicology). He is a member of the editorial board of the journal Environmental Toxicol ogy and Water Quality and holds membership in both the biologists’ (Association des Biologistes du Québec) and microbiologists’ (Asso ciation des Microbiologistes du Québec) associations of the province of Québec. He regularly attends and makes presentations during major venues held in the field of ecotoxicology (SETAC: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; SECOTOX: Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; ATW — Canada: Aquatic Toxicity Workshop — Canada; ISTA: International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment). Under Dr. Blaise’s leadership, BRU strives to develop, validate, standardize, modernize (and promote the commercialization of) bioanalytical techniques, making use of new instrumental technologies whenever possible, in order to determine the potential (geno)toxicity of chemicals and various types of environmental matrices (e.g., effluents, sediments, pore/surface waters). BRU research output provides practical tools and approaches which facilitate decision-making for aquatic environmental management. BRU also provides (inter)national technology transfer to interested professionals and agencies and promotes graduate student training by codirecting applied research projects with university collaborators. Dr. Blaise has (co)authored over 60 scientific articles in internationally refereed journals, as well as having written several book chapters, and various government technical reports. Johanne Gauthier, M. Sc., is a biologist in the Habitat Manage ment and Environmental Science Division at the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Ms. Gauthier received her Bachelor (1983) and her Master (1987) of Science degrees in biology from Laval University. She performed her experimentation for her M.Sc. degree at the Cancer Research Center of L’Hotel-Dieu de Québec hospital, where she studied the antigenic expression of bladder cancer cells using flow cytometry. Ms. Gauthier’s work activities during the past 10 years have included research on bladder cancer with the objective of using spe cific monoclonal antibodies as prognostic and diagnostic tools in the treatment of the disease. Ms. Gauthier is now involved in the assess ment of toxicity in oil spill bioremediation studies. This recent work aims at identifying the best strategies to accelerate biodegradation and reduce the toxicity of stranded oil. Contributors S. Alexandre Margaret Branton, M.E.S. Centre des Sciences de l’Environnement School for Resource and Environmental Studies Université de Metz Dalhousie University Metz, France Halifax, NS, Canada and Brian S. Anderson, M.A. JSA Environmental Institute of Marine Sciences Long Beach, CA University of California-Santa Cruz Scott F. Briscoe Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory McGill University Monterey, CA, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montréal, QUE, Canada Shimshon Belkin, Ph.D. Environmental Sciences Anthony A. Bulich, Ph.D. The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Graduate AZUR Environmental School of Applied Science Carlsbad, CA, USA The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Jie Cai, Ph.D. McGill University Sharon G. Berk, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for the Management, Montréal, QUE, Canada Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources Tennessee Technological University John Cairns, Jr., Ph.D. Cookeville, TN, USA Department of Biology Virginia Polytechnic Institute H. Bessi, Ph.D. and State University Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Blacksburg, VA, USA Mohammedia-Maroc R. Scott Carr, Ph.D. U.S. Geological Survey Gabriel Bitton, Ph.D. Marine Ecotoxicology Research Station Department of Environmental Engineering TAMU-CC, Center for Coastal Studies Sciences Natural Resources Center University of Florida Corpus Christi, TX, USA Gainesville, FL, USA Peter M. Chapman, Ph.D. Christian Blaise, D.Sc. EVS Environment Consultants Centre Saint-Laurent North Vancouver, BC, Canada Environnement Canada Montréal, QUE, Canada Larry D. Claxton, Ph.D. Environmental Carcinogenesis Division Nancy J. Bowers, Ph.D. National Health and Environmental Effects Environmental Science and Resources (ESR) Laboratory Portland State University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Portland, OR, USA Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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