MicroRNAs in Cancer

426 Pages·2013·4.078 MB·English

by  César López-Camarillo, Laurence A Marchat

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MicroRNAs in Cancer
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MicroRNAs in Cancer
Editors
César López-Camarillo
Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory
Autonomous University of Mexico City
Mexico City
México
Laurence A. Marchat
Multidisciplinary Program in Biomedicine
National School of Medicine and Homeopathy-IPN
Mexico City
Mexico
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A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
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PREFACE
Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the presence of cells
with uncontrolled growth and high proliferation capability. It is the leading
cause of death in most countries, affecting millions of people worldwide
and representing a global health problem. Cancer has huge economic,
social and psychological implications. Even till now cancer remains a major
clinical challenge due to its frequently poor prognosis and limited treatment
options in many cases. Thus there is an urgent need for the development
of new molecular methods that will allow an early diagnosis and better
treatment.
The recent development of “omics” technologies, such as proteomics
and transcriptomics has opened new research areas for scientists working
in cancer. Notably, the discovery of the relevance of microRNAs in the
mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis has allowed a better understanding
of the molecular events involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs are a class
of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that play important roles in most
biological processes by regulating gene expression through transcriptional
repression and degradation of protein-coding messenger RNAs. MicroRNA
biology is a cutting-edge topic in the basic and biomedical research fi elds.
Dysregulation of microRNA expression levels emerges as an important
mechanism that triggers the loss or gain of functions in cancer cells, acting
as tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
This book is an invaluable collection of the recent fi ndings and reviews
of leading experts about the current understanding of roles of microRNAs
in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of the most
common cancers. It also reviews their potential for applications as novel
molecular markers for early diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for the
identifi cation of therapeutic targets. In addition, it provides discussions
about their potential use in translational medicine. Topics include an
integrated overview of microRNAs functions in a variety of neoplasias
including breast, prostate, colorectal, cervix, gastric and lung cancer as well
as melanoma, and medulloblastoma. In addition, this volume includes a
comprehensive coverage of key high-throughput technologies that have
vi MicroRNAs in Cancer
been developed for clinically oriented microRNAs profi ling. Perspectives
of quantitative sciences including bioinformatics, system biology and
mathematical modeling are also discussed. This book constitutes an essential
reference for the graduates students, post-docs, researchers and for scientifi c
and medical community by providing the up-to-date discoveries of an
international team of renowned experts in the fi eld about microRNAs and
their important roles in cancer translational research.
CONTENTS
Preface v
1. Breast Cancer MicroRNAs: Signaling Networks and Clinical 1
Applications
Gabriel Eades, Yuan Yao and Qun Zhou
2. MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Development 44
Mei Yang, Zhe Xu, Yuxin Zhang and Chenfang Zhang
3. MicroRNAs Controlling Invasion and Metastasis in 64
Breast Cancer
César López-Camarillo, Laurence A. Marchat and
José Ali Flores-Perez
4. Endometrial Cancer and MicroRNAs 80
Jaime Snowdon and Harriet Feilotter
5. MicroRNAs in Cervical Cancer: Evidences of a miRNA 105
De-regulation Caused by HPV
Carlos Pérez-Plasencia, Nadia Jacobo-Herrera,
Carlos Barba-Ostria, Rosa Alvarez-Gómez, David Cantú-De León,
Jorge Fernández-Retana, Elena Arechaga-Ocampo,
Luis A. Herrera, César López-Camarillo and
Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
6. MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer 128
Aya Misawa, Ken-ichi Takayama and Satoshi Inoue
7. MicroRNA Deregulations in Gastric Cancer 156
Jiayi Yao, Tusheng Song and Chen Huang
8. MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer 177
K. Valencia, E. Bandres and J. Garcia-Foncillas
viii MicroRNAs in Cancer
9. MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer: From Genomics to Clinical 220
Applications
Elena Arechaga-Ocampo, Jose Diaz-Chavez, Cesar Lopez-
Camarillo, Eduardo Lopez-Urrutia, Claudia H. Gonzalez de la Rosa,
Carlos Perez-Plasencia, Yamilet Noriega Reyes and Luis A. Herrera
10. MicroRNAs in Melanoma 252
Federica Felicetti, Maria Cristina Errico, Gianfranco Mattia,
Nadia Felli and Alessandra Carè
11. MicroRNAs in Medulloblastoma 278
Tarek Shalaby, Martin Baumgartner, Giulio Fiaschetti and
Michael A. Grotzer
12. Extracellular MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers and 308
Therapeutic Tools in Cancer
Muriel Thirion and Takahiro Ochiya
13. MicroRNAs as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cancer 333
Ailbhe M. McDermott, Helen M. Heneghan, Nicola Miller
and Michael J. Kerin
14. Regulation of MicroRNAs for Potential Cancer 364
Therapeutics: The Paradigm Shift from Pathways
to Perturbation of Gene Regulatory Networks
Wei Wu, Wei Cao and Jennifer A. Chan
15. Systems and Network Biology in MicroRNA based 387
Personalized Medicine
Asfar S. Azmi, Bin Bao, Philip A. Philip, Ramzi
M. Mohammad and Fazlul H. Sarkar
Index 405
Color Plate Section 407
CHAPTER 1
BREAST CANCER MicroRNAs:
SIGNALING NETWORKS AND
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Gabriel Eades,a Yuan Yaob and Qun Zhouc,*
ABSTRACT
The abundant, non-coding regulatory molecules, microRNAs, are
heavily implicated in the molecular pathobiology of breast cancer.
In this review, we will discuss how microRNA networks contribute
to key pathways and processes in breast cancer including hormone
and growth factor signaling as well as drug resistance. We will also
describe the connection between microRNAs, epigenetic pathways, and
gene expression in breast cancer. Finally, we will explore recent work
evaluating microRNAs as clinical tools and will discuss the potential
for microRNAs to serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic
targets in breast cancer.
1. INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of several histological
types and multiple molecular subtypes driven by genetic and epigenetic
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, 108 N. Greene St. Baltimore, MD 21201, 410-706-1615.
aEmail: [email protected]
bEmail: [email protected]
cEmail: [email protected]
*Corresponding author