Micropropagation of Orchids, 3 Volume Set PDF
Preview Micropropagation of Orchids, 3 Volume Set
Micropropagation of Orchids Volume I This, the third and expanded and updated edition of a classic reference work, provides users with comprehensive details of all procedures developed by May 2014 for orchid propagation through the culture of tissues in vitro (micropropagation). The book opens with an extensive, expanded with new information, and richly illustrated historical chapter which discusses the discoveries, developments, and people that made micropropagation possible. An updated and expanded Chapter 2 discusses in detail the principles and components of culture media used in micropropagation. However, the main component of these volumes is the third chapter, which contains detailed procedures for the culture and micropropagation of hundreds of orchid genera, species, and hybrids. Early, classic, established, and the very latest techniques of mass rapid clonal propagation through the culture of organs, tissues, and cells are presented. Every one of the methods in Chapter 3 includes tables of complete recipes for a wide range of culture media. This new edition will continue to be the key reference for all those interested or involved in orchid micro- propagation, growing, and production. Dr Yam Tim Wing studied Biology (B.Sc.) at the University of Southampton in England. He received his M.Phil. degree in plant breeding and genetics from Cambridge University before returning to Hong Kong where he earned his Ph.D. with a research project on the conservation of the native orchids. From 1988 to 1991, he carried out postdoctoral research at the University of California, Irvine with Professor Joseph Arditti. He is a Principal Researcher at the Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, specializing in orchid hybridization and conservation. His hybrids have won awards at local and international shows. He also administers a program designed to conserve the native orchids of Singapore by propagating and introducing these species into urban and natural areas in the country. Dr. Yam is the author of research papers and two books entitled Orchids of the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Native Orchids of Singapore: Identification, Diversity and Conservation. He also co‐authored the book Biology of Vanda Miss Joaquim with Professors Hew Choy Sin (Western style: Choy sin Hew) and Joseph Arditti. Dr. Yam is married to Pauline Wong and they have two daughters, Grace and Amy. Professor Emeritus Joseph Arditti majored in floriculture as an undergraduate and received his doctorate from the University of Southern California in 1965. After serving as a lecturer for one year at the University of Southern California, he accepted a faculty position at the University of California, Irvine in 1966 where he taught general botany, horticulture, and plant physiology while engaging in research on various aspects of orchid biology in the USA, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. Dr. Arditti retired in 2001 and is now Professor of Biology Emeritus. He continued to write and travel worldwide to lecture at scientific meetings and to orchid groups until 2014 when he retired for a second time. Professor Arditti is acknowledged to be one of the world’s leading experts on orchid biology and propagation. He is the proud father of Dr. (foren- sic psychology) Jonathan O. Arditti who received his bachelor’s degree of psychology from the University of Southern California and equally proud father in law to Dr. Alexandria Grabowski who also received a bachelor’s degree and a doctorate in dentistry from the same university. Micropropagation of Orchids Third Edition Volume I Tim Wing Yam Singapore Botanic Gardens National Parks Board Singapore and Joseph Arditti Professor Emeritus Developmental and Cell Biology University of California, Irvine This edition first published 2017 © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Edition history: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 1993); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2008) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Yam, Tim Wing. | Arditti, Joseph. Title: Micropropagation of orchids / Tim Wing Yam and Joseph Arditti. Description: Third edition. | Chichester, West Sussex : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. | Previous edition: Micropropagation of orchids / Joseph Arditti (Malden, MA ; Oxford : Blackwell Pub., 2008). | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016043344 | ISBN 9781119187059 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119187073 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Orchids–Micropropagation. Classification: LCC SB409.58 .A73 2017 | DDC 584/.4–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043344 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover images courtesy of Tim Wing Yam. Cover design by Wiley Set in 10/12pt Sabon by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2017 For My wife Pauline (center) and my daughters Grace The memory of my doctoral (left) and Amy (holding the family dog, Powdy). studies supervisor, Dr. Maureen Weatherhead Tim Wing Yam My son, Dr. Jonathan Arditti, and my daughter in law, Dr. Alexandria (Alex) Arditti (born Grabowski), both alumni of the University of Mike and Anne Grabowski, alumni of the Southern California, like the old man. University of Southern California, like their daughter. Joseph Arditti Short Contents Full Contents for Volume I, ix Preface, xiii Preface to the Second Edition, xvi Preface to the First Edition, xxi VOLUME I Chapter 1: History, 1 Chapter 2: General Outline of Techniques and Procedures, 73 Chapter 3: Methods for Specific Genera, Acampe to Darwinara, 169 VOLUME II Chapter 3: Methods for Specific Genera, Dendrobium to Phalaenopsis, 699 VOLUME III Chapter 3:Methods for Specific Genera, Pholidota to Zygopetalum, 1561 Chapter 4: Summary, 1928 References, 1965 Appendix 1: General Information on Supplies, Equipment, Terms, and Reagents, 2061 Appendix 2: Sources of Supplies and Equipment, 2080 Appendix 3: Some Sites of Interest on the World Wide Web, 2085 Appendix 4: Light, 2088 Appendix 5: Formulary, 2093 vii viii Short Contents Appendix 6: Atomic Weights, Concentrations, Exponents, Greek and Roman Letters, Ions, Measurements, Molecular Weights, Prefixes, Valences, Units, and Solutions, 2106 Appendix 7: Additional Information, 2116 Appendix 8: Plant Preservative Mixture, 2124 Appendix 9: Media: Additives, Components, Errors, Modifications, Omissions, Substitutions, Sterilization and More, 2138 Appendix 10: Computer Letters and Symbol Codes, 2150 Appendix 11: Photographing Cultures in Flasks, 2155 Glossary, 2157 General Subject Index, 2180 Full Contents for Volume I Preface, xiii Preface to the Second Edition, xvi Preface to the First Edition, xxi Chapter 1: History, 1 Terminology, 2 Origins of Orchid Micropropagation, 5 Plant Hormones and Propagation Additives of Plant Origin, 5 Culture of Tissues and Organs, 10 Early Tissue Culture Attempts, 11 Culture of Stem Tips, 12 First Micropropagation of Orchids, 18 The Second Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant, 22 Plant Diseases and Meristems, 27 The Third Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant, 30 The Fourth Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant, 45 Who Pioneered Micropropagation?, 47 Root Cultures, 48 Leaf Cultures, 50 Stems, 51 Flower Buds, Flowers, Floral Segments, and Reproductive Organs, 52 Inflorescences, 52 A Patent, 53 Doubtful Claims, 55 Mutations, 56 Theft in Vitro, 57 Darkening of Culture Media, 57 Anticontaminants, 58 Cell and Protoplast Culture, 59 Flowering In Vitro, 62 ix x Contents Solidifying Agents, 65 Agar, 66 Gellan Gum, 68 The Future, 70 Chapter 2: General Outline of Techniques and Procedures, 73 Media Components, 73 Macroelements, 74 Microelements, 83 Iron, 83 Auxins and Anti‐auxin, 84 Chitosan, 88 Cytokinins, 88 Gibberellins and Antigibberellin, 89 Abscisic Acid, 89 Ethylene and Ethylene Inhibitor, 90 Amino Acids, 90 Polyol, 90 Polyamines, 91 Phloroglucinol, 91 Jasmonates, 91 Herbicides, 91 Vitamins, 91 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 92 Organic Acids, 92 Banana, 92 Coconut Water, 92 Humic acid, 98 Hydrolysates and Autolysates, 98 Sugars, 98 Anticontaminants, 103 Charcoal, 110 Solvents, 114 Solidifiers, 114 pH, 120 Recipes in this Book, 121 Stock Solutions, 121 State of the Medium, 122 Sterilization, 122 Autoclaves, 122 Filtration, 123 Sterilization in Microwave Ovens, 124 Solvents, 126 Open Flame, 126 Liquids, 127 Contents xi Surface Decontamination, 128 Gas Sterilization, 129 Preparation of the Medium, 130 Culture Vessels, 131 Culture Conditions, 132 Temperature, 132 Agitation, 132 Illumination, 133 Carbon Dioxide, 148 Placing Plant Material in Culture, 151 Seeds, 151 Tissue Explants, 151 Internal Contaminants, 155 Mites and Thrips as Contaminants and Contamination Vectors, 156 Hygiene, 158 Prevention, 159 Culture and Encapsulation Media, 161 Fumigation, 161 Eradication, 162 Thrips, 163 Springtails, 163 Virus infections and testing, 164 Enzymes for Protoplast Isolation, 164 Work Area, 166 Laminar‐flow Hoods, 166 Sterile Rooms, 166 Sterile Boxes, 167 Clean Laboratory Bench, 167 Washing Glassware, 167 Statistics, 168 Chapter 3: Methods for Specific Genera, 169 Acampe, 169 Aeridachnis, 185 Aerides, 186 Aeridovanda, 208 Anacamptis, 209 Angraecum, 213 Anoectochilus, 217 Ansellia, 235 Arachnis, 239 Arachnostylis, 249 Aranda, 250 Aranthera, 278 Arundina, 287
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