Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

172 Pages·2016·47.186 MB·English

by  Reza Sabet Dariani

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Edited by Reza Sabet Dariani
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Edited by Reza Sabet Dariani
Published by ExLi4EvA
Copyright © 2016
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C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 The Increase of the Micoporosity and CO2 Adsorption
Capacity of the Commercial Activated Carbon CWZ-22 by KOH
Treatment
by Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal, Urszula Narkiewicz, Antoni W. Morawski,
Rafał J. Wróbel and Beata Michalkiewicz
Chapter 2 Application of Some Natural Porous Raw Materials for
Removal of Lead and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions
by Mirjana Golomeova and Afrodita Zendelska
Chapter 3 Synthesis and Characterization of CMK Porous Carbons
Modified with Metals Applied to Hydrogen Uptake and Storage
by Marcos B. Gómez Costa, Juliana M. Juárez and Oscar A. Anunziata
Chapter 4 Mesoporous Carbons for Energy-Efficient Water Splitting
to Produce Pure Hydrogen at Room Temperature
by Mohindar S. Seehra and Vishal Narang
Chapter 5 Biomass, Abundant Resources for Synthesis of
Mesoporous Silica Material
by Adebola Iyabode Akinjokun, Tunde Victor Ojumu and Aderemi
Okunola Ogunfowokan
Chapter 6 Overview of Phosphorus Effect in Molybdenum-Based
Hydrotreating Catalysts Supported on Ordered Mesoporous Siliceous
Materials
by Rafael Huirache-Acuña, Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz, Trino A. Zepeda,
Rufino Nava and Barbara Pawelec
Chapter 7 Microporous and Mesoporous Materials in
Decontamination of Water Process
by Rafael Alberto Fonseca-Correa, Yesid Sneider Murillo-Acevedo,
Liliana Giraldo-Gutiérrez and Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján

Preface
The aim of this book has been to explore the variety of phenomena
associated with the major forms of the material, while laying the
foundation for a clear and detailed working and understanding of the
materials. We tried to present new types of advanced materials, which
are currently a hot topic, and provide readers with a selective review of
important improvements in the field. I believe that every chapter in this
book presents the progress in the subject and describes the latest
advances in microporous and mesoporous materials.

Chapter 1
The Increase of the Micoporosity and CO Adsorption
2
Capacity of the Commercial Activated Carbon CWZ-22 by
KOH Treatment
Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal, Urszula Narkiewicz,
Antoni W. Morawski, Rafał J. Wróbel and
Beata Michalkiewicz
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/63672
Abstract
The chemical modification of CWZ-22—commercial activated carbon (AC) with KOH‐
to enhance CO adsorption was examined. The effect of different impregnation ratios
2
KOH:CWZ-22 from 1 to 4 was studied. The ACs were characterized by CO and N
2 2
sorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, and XRD methods.
The impregnation of CWZ-22 with KOH highly effectively increased the porosity,
specific surface area, and pore volume of ACs. The specific surface area of KOH:CWZ-22
= 4 increased to 1299 m2/g as compared with pristine, which is equal to 856 m2/g. The
total pore volume raised from 0.51 to 0.77 cm3/g.
The chemical modification of CWZ-22 increased the CO adsorption capacity up to 38%.
2
The Sips model described very good CO adsorption on KOH:CWZ-22 = 4 and pristine
2
sample. The surface of both ACs was homogenous. The values of isosteric heats of
adsorption indicated on physisorption.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, activated carbon, CWZ-22, KOH, CO adsorption
2
1. Introduction
The emission of CO originating mainly from industry has become a worldwide problem
2
responsible for the global warming. The combustion of fossil fuel in power plants remains the
2 Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
main point source for CO emission to the atmosphere. Reduction in the CO concentration in
2 2
the atmosphere is currently a hot topic [1, 2]. Among technologies proposed for reduction in
CO emissions, adsorption is considered as a very promising process for CO capture. Alterna‐
2 2
tively, solid-based adsorbents have drawn substantial attention for CO capture.
2
Nowadays, many types of porous materials have been used in CO adsorption, such as zeolites
2
[3], metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [4], porous silica [5], and activated carbons (ACs) [2,
6–9]. Among these adsorbents, activated carbon (AC) has drawn great attention recently
because of its high adsorption capacity, low cost, availability, large surface area, an easy-to-
design pore structure, hydrophobicity (insensitiveness to moisture), and low energy require‐
ments for regeneration [10, 11]. The adsorption performance of activated carbons depends on
the selection of carbon sources and activation conditions. It has been reported that the activated
carbons prepared with commercial carpet [12], eucalyptus sawdust [13], yeast [14], palm shells
[10], peanut shell [8], pitch [9], and molasses [15] had high adsorption capacity for CO.
2
Activated carbon can be mainly prepared by physical and chemical activation methods or by
combination of both types of methods. Usually, physical activation is carried out using carbon
dioxide, steam, air, or their mixture. Chemical activation involves agents such as zinc chloride
[16], acids [17], and bases [10, 17]. KOH is one of the most widely used chemicals for activating
the carbonaceous materials in preparation of activated carbon [1, 2, 8, 10]. Activated carbons
obtained by chemical activation often possess a high specific surface area and well-developed
micropores, which make them attractive materials for CO adsorption. Particularly, KOH
2
activation has been applied in the preparation of activated carbons because it can produce lots
of micropores favorable for CO adsorption. Therefore, the textural properties of the activated
2
carbons depend on a type of carbon sources and the required amount of KOH for the prepa‐
ration of efficient activated carbon to adsorb CO.
2
Our motivation was to increase the porosity and CO adsorption capacity of commercial
2
activated carbon CWZ-22. The increase of the CO adsorption on commercial activated carbon
2
modified using KOH has not been yet described.
2. Experimental method
2.1. Materials and sample preparation
A commercial activated carbon CWZ-22 (Gryfskand Sp. z o.o. Hajnówka, Poland) was used
as the raw material in this work. The CWZ-22 samples were mixed with the saturated KOH
solution. The mass ratio of KOH:CWZ-22 was varied from 1 to 4. The soaking time was 3 h.
The mixtures were dried at 200°C. The impregnated sample was activated at temperature of
800°C for 1 h under nitrogen flow. Then, the samples were washed repeatedly with a 5 M
solution of HCl and with distilled water until they were free of chlorine ions. Finally, these
samples were dried at 200°C for 12 h. The materials were named as KOH:CWZ-22 = X, where
X is the mass ratio of KOH:CWZ-22.