Microcontrollers: High-Performance Systems and Programming

694 Pages·2013·23.885 MB·English

by  Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton

Electrical Engineering Sanchez
Canton
Microcontrollers
HIGH-PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS
AND PROGRAMMING
Microcontrollers
M
Microcontrollers: High-Performance Systems and Programming
discusses the practical factors that make the high-performance PIC i
c
series a better choice than their mid-range predecessors for most
systems. However, one consideration in favor of the mid-range
r
devices is the abundance of published application circuits and code
samples. This book fills that gap: o
HIGH-PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS
• Provides downloadable software, including tools, resources, c
supplementary materials, and code listings AND PROGRAMMING
• Includes sample circuits with their corresponding programs, o
as well as tested PCB files
n
• Focuses on the popular embedded systems with PIC18
series microcontrollers t
• Contains an appendix with a C language tutorial, PIC18
r
instruction set, links to useful tools and software
Julio Sanchez
• Supplies sample circuits that are not copyrighted or patented, so o
readers can freely use them in their own applications
• Covers selected topics and examples that provide solutions to l Maria P. Canton
problems that practicing engineers may encounter and are not l
readily found in the literature e
r
Designed to be functional and hands-on, this book provides sample
circuits with their corresponding programs. It clearly depicts and s
labels the circuits, in a way that is easy to follow and reuse. The
book matches sample programs to the individual circuits and
discusses general programming techniques.
K16291
Microcontrollers
HIGH-PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS
AND PROGRAMMING
K16291_FM.indd 1 9/24/13 11:25 AM
K16291_FM.indd 2 9/24/13 11:25 AM
Microcontrollers
HIGH-PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS
AND PROGRAMMING
Julio Sanchez
Eastern Florida State College
Maria P. Canton
Brevard Public Schools
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
K16291_FM.indd 3 9/24/13 11:25 AM
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130923
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-6668-2 (eBook - PDF)
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Tab le of Con tents
Pref ace xx
Chapt er 1 Microcontrollers for Em bed ded Syst ems 1
1.1 Em bed ded Sys tems 1
1.2 Micro chip PIC 1
1.2.1 PIC Ar chi tec ture 2
1.2.2 Pro gramm ing the PIC 2
PIC Pro gram mers 3
De vel op ment Boards 4
1.3 PIC Arc hit ect ure 4
1.3.1 Base line PIC Fam ily 5
PIC10 de vices 6
PIC12 De vices 7
1.3.2 Mid-Range Fam ily 9
PIC14 De vices 9
PIC16 De vices 9
1.3.3 High-Per for mance PICs and DSPs 10
Dig i tal Sig nal Pro ces sor 11
Analog-to-Dig i tal 12
Chapt er 2 PIC18 Ar chi tec ture 13
2.1 PIC18 Fami ly Over view 13
2.1.1 PIC18FXX2 Group 14
2.1.2 PIC18FXX2 De vice Group Over view 15
2.1.3 PIC18F4X2 Block Di ag ram 16
2.1.4 Cen tral Pro cess ing Unit 17
Sta tus Reg is ter 17
Pro gram Coun ter Reg is ter 17
Hard ware Mul ti plier 18
In ter rupts 18
2.1.5 Spe cial CPU Feat ures 19
Watch dog Timer 20
Wake-Up by In ter rupt 21
Low Volt age De tec tion 21
De vice Con fig u ra tion 21
2.2 Mem ory Or ga ni za tion 22
2.2.1 Pro gram Mem ory 22
v
vi Tab le of Cont ents
2.2.2 18FXX2 Stack 23
Stack Op er a tions 23
Fast Reg is ter Stack 24
In struc tions in Mem ory 25
2.2.3 Data Mem ory 25
2.2.4 Data EEPROM Mem ory 27
2.2.5 In di rect Ad dress ing 28
2.3 PIC18FXX2 Osc ill at or 29
2.3.1 Os cil la tor Op tions 29
Crys tal Os cil la tor and Ce ramic Res o na tor 29
RC Os cil la tor 30
Ex ter nal Clock In put 31
Phase Locked Loop Os cil la tor Mode 31
2.4 Syst em Res et 31
2.4.1 Re set Ac tion 32
Power-On Res et (POR) 33
Power-Up Timer (PWRT) 33
Osc ill at or Start-Up Timer (OST) 33
PLL Lock Time-Out 33
Brown-Out Re set (BOR) 33
Time-Out Seq uence 33
2.5 I/O Ports 34
2.5.1 Port Reg is ters 34
2.5.2 Para l lel Slave Port 35
2.6 Int er nal Modu les 35
2.6.1 PIC18FXX2 Mod ules 35
Chapt er 3 Prog ram ming Tools and Soft ware 37
3.1 En vi ron ment 37
3.1.1 Em bedd ed Sys tems 37
3.1.2 High- and Low-Level Lan guages 38
3.1.3 Lan guage-Spe cific Soft ware 40
3.2 Microc hip's MPLAB 40
3.2.1 MPLAB X 40
3.2.2 De vel op ment Cy cle 40
3.3 An In te grated De vel op ment En vi ron ment 41
3.3.1 Ins tall ing MPLAB 42
3.3.2 Crea t ing the Pro ject 43
3.3.3 Set ting the Pro ject Build Op tions 45
3.3.4 Adding a Source File 47
3.3.5 Build ing the Pro ject 48
3.3.6 .hex File 48
3.3.7 Quickbuild Op tion 50
3.4 MPLAB Sim ul at ors and Debuggers 50
3.4.1 MPLAB SIM 51
Us ing Break points 51
Watch Win dow 52
Sim u la tor Trace 52
3.4.2 MPLAB Stimu l us 54
Stim u lus Di a log 54
3.4.3 MPLAB Hard ware Debuggers 55
Tab le of Cont ents vii
3.4.4 An Im prov ised Debugger 56
3.5 De vel op ment Pro gram mers 56
3.5.1 Micro chip PICkit 2 and PICkit 3 58
3.5.2 Micropro USB PIC Pro gramm er 60
3.5.3 MPLAB ICD 2 and ICD 3 In-Cir cuit Debuggers/Pro gramm ers 60
3.6 Test Cir cuits and De velo pm ent Boards 61
3.6.1 Com mer cial De vel op ment Boards 61
3.6.2 Cir cuit Prot o type 63
3.6.3 Bread board 64
Lim i ta tions of Bread boards 65
Breadboarding Tools and Tech niques 66
3.6.4 Wire Wrapp ing 67
3.6.5 Perfboards 67
3.6.6 Printed Cir cuit Boards 68
Chapt er 4 As sem bly Lang uage Prog ram 71
4.1 Ass em bly Lan guage Code 71
4.1.1 A Cod ing Tem plate 71
Pro gram Header 73
Pro gram En vi ron ment Di rec tives 73
Con fig u ra tion Bits 73
Er ror Mes sage Level Con trol 74
Vari ables and Con stants 74
Code Area and In ter rupts 74
4.1.2 Pro gramm ing Style 74
Source File Com ments 75
4.2 Def ini ng Data Ele m ents 75
4.2.1 equ Di rec tive 76
4.2.2 cblock Di rec tive 76
4.2.3 Ac cess to Banked Mem ory 77
4.3 Nami ng Con vent ions 77
4.3.1 Reg is ter and Bit Names 77
4.4 PIC 18Fxx2 In struc tion Set 79
4.4.1 Byte-Ori ented In struc tions 80
4.4.2 Bit-Ori ented In struc tions 80
4.4.3 Lit eral Ins truc tions 80
4.4.4 Con trol Ins truc tions 80
Chapt er 5 PIC18 Prog ram ming in C Lan guage 85
5.1 C Comp ile rs 85
5.1.1 C ver sus As sem bly Lan guage 85
5.1.2 MPLAB C18 86
5.2 MPLAB C18 Ins tall at ion 86
5.2.1 MPLAB Soft ware Com pon ents 87
5.2.2 Con fig u ra tion Op tions 88
5.2.3 Sys tem Re quire ments 89
5.2.4 Ex ec u tion Flow 90
5.3 C Comp iler Proj ect 91
5.3.1 Crea t ing the Pro ject 91
viii Tab le of Cont ents
Se lect Hardw are De vice 92
Se lect the Lang uage Toolsuite 92
Cre ate a New Pro ject 93
Add Files to the Pro ject 95
5.3.2 Sel ect ing the Build Di rec tory 96
5.4 A First Pro gram in C 98
5.4.1 Source Code Anal y sis 99
main() Func tion 100
Lo cal Func tions 101
Chapt er 6 C Lan guage in an Em bed ded En vi ronm ent 103
6.1 MPLAB C18 Sys tem 103
6.1.1 PIC18 Ex tended Mode 104
6.2 MPLAB C18 Lib rar ies 104
6.2.1 Start-Up Rou tines 104
6.2.2 Onl ine Help for C18 and Li brar ies 105
6.3 Pro ces sor-In de pend ent Li brar ies 106
6.3.1 Gen eral Soft ware Li brary 106
Char ac ter Clas si fi ca tion Func tions 107
Data Con ver sion Func tions 107
Mem ory and String Ma nip u la tion Func tions 108
De lay Func tions 110
Re set Func tions 111
Char ac ter Out put Func tions 112
6.4 Pro ces sor-Spe cific Li brar ies 115
6.4.1 Hardw are Per iph eral Lib rary Func tions 115
6.4.2 Soft ware Pe riph er als Li brary Func tions 116
6.4.3 Mac ros for Inline As sem bly 116
6.4.4 Pro ces sor-Spe cific Header Files 117
6.5 Math Lib rar ies 118
6.5.1 ANSI-IEEE 754 Bi nary Float ing-Point Stan dard 118
Encodings 119
Round ing 119
6.5.2 Stan dard Math Li brary Func tions 120
6.5.3 Float ing-Point Math Sam ple Pro gram 120
6.6 C18 Lang uage Spec ifi cs 122
6.6.1 C18 Int e ger Data Types 122
6.6.2 C18 Float ing-Point Data Types 122
6.6.3 Endianness 123
6.6.4 Stora ge Classes 123
6.6.5 Static Func tion Ar gum ent 123
6.6.6 Stor age Qual i fi ers 123
far and near Qual i fi ers 123
rom and ram Qual i fi ers 124
Chapt er 7 Prog ram ming Sim ple In put and Out put 125
7.1 Port-Conn ected I/O 125
7.1.1 A Sim ple Cir cuit and Code 125
7.1.2 Cir cuit Schem at ics 125
7.1.3 As sem bler Sim ple I/O Pro gram 126
Tab le of Cont ents ix
7.1.4 As sem bler Source Code Anal y sis 129
Com mand Mon i tor ing Loop 129
Ac tion on the LEDs 130
A De lay Rou tine 130
7.2 C Lang uage Simp le I/O Pro gram 131
7.2.1 C Source Code Anal y sis 132
main() Func tion 133
7.3 Seven-Segm ent LED Prog ramm ing 134
7.3.1 Com puted Goto 135
7.3.2 As sem bler Seven-Seg ment LED Pro gram 136
Ac cess Bank Op er a tion 136
Port A for Dig i tal Op er a tion 137
DIP Switch Proc essi ng 138
Seven-Seg ment Code with Com puted Goto 139
7.3.3 As sem bler Tab le Lookup Sam ple Pro gram 140
7.4 C Lang uage Seven-Segm ent LED Prog rams 141
7.4.1 Code Sel ec tion by Switch Con struct 142
7.4.2 Code Sel ec tion by Tab le Lookup 142
7.5 A Demo ns trat ion Board 143
7.6.1 Power Sup ply 145
Volt age Reg u la tor 145
Chapt er 8 In ter rupts 147
8.1 Int err upt Mecha n ism 147
8.2 PIC18 Int err upt Syst em 147
8.2.1 Hardw are Sources 148
8.2.2 Int er rupt Con trol and Sta tus Reg is ters 148
INTCON Reg is ters 149
PIE Reg is ters 151
PIR Reg is ters 152
IPR Reg is ters 152
8.2.3 In ter rupt Pri or i ties 154
High-Pri or ity In ter rupts 154
Low-Pri or ity In ter rupts 155
An In ter rupt In ter rupt ing An other One 155
8.2.4 Con text Sav ing Op er a tions 155
Con text Sav ing during Low-Pri or ity In ter rupts 156
8.3 Port B Int err upts 157
8.3.1 Port B Ex ter nal In ter rupt 158
8.3.2 INT0 In ter rupt Demo Pro gram 158
cblock Di rec tive 158
Vectoring the In ter rupt 159
Ini tial iza tion 160
Setup INT0 160
Pro gram Fore ground 161
In ter rupt Ser vice Rou tine 161
Switch Debouncing 162
In ter rupt Ac tion 162
8.3.3 Port B Line Change Int er rupt 163
Reentrant In ter rupts 164
Mul ti ple Ex ter nal In ter rupts 165