Microbiology (Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews)

450 Pages·2006·1.44 MB·English

by  Richard A. Harvey

00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page i
Lippincott’s
Illustrated Reviews:
Microbiology
Second Edition
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page ii
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page iii
Lippincott’s
Illustrated Reviews:
Microbiology
Second Edition
Richard A. Harvey, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
Pamela C. Champe, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
Bruce D. Fisher, M.D.
Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Medical Director, QualCare, Inc.
Piscataway, New Jersey
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page iv
iv
This book is dedicated to the
memory of Harriet Rouse, whose
dedication to her students and
love of microbiology made her the
consummate teacher and mentor.
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page v
v
Contributors (first and second editions):
Sewell P. Champe, Ph.D. (deceased)
Waksman Institute
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey
Donald Dubin, M.D.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
Florence Kimball, Ph.D.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
Harriet Rouse, Ph.D. (deceased)
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
William A. Strohl, Ph.D.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
Victor Stollar, M.D.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey
William E. Winter, M.D.
Department of Pathology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
Graphics:
Michael Cooper
Cooper Graphics
www.cooper247.com
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page vi
vi
Acquisitions Editor: Betty Sun
Development Editor: Kathleen H. Scogna
Marketing Manager: Jennifer Kuklinski
Production Editor: Jennifer D. Glazer
Printer: R.R. Donnelley & Sons-Willard
Copyright ©2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
351 West Camden Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
530 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may
be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by
any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the
copyright owner.
The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence, or
otherwise) for any injury resulting from any material contained herein. This
publication contains information relating to general principles of medical care that
should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients.
Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for
current information, including contraindications, dosages, and precautions.
Printed in the United States of America
First Edition, 2001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available (0-7817-
8215-5)
The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed
material. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make
the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department
at [phone]or fax orders to [phone].International customers should
call [phone].
To send comments to the authors, e-mail: [email protected]
Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.LWW.com.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from
8:30AMto 6:00 PM, EST.
06 07 08 09 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page vii
vii
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the many friends and colleagues who generously contributed
their time and effort to help us make this book as accurate and useful as possible.
The support of our other colleagues at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School is highly valued. Richard A,
Harvey and Pamela C. Champe owe special thanks to Dr. Masayori Inouye, who
has encouraged us over the years in this and other teaching projects.
Bruce D. Fisher offers a special thanks to his wife, Doris, who has always
supported his work, and to Donald Armstrong, MD, MACP—a gifted clinician and
scholar, mentor and friend.
Without talented artists, an Illustrated Review would be impossible, and we have
been particularly fortunate in working with Michael Cooper throughout this project.
His artistic sense and computer graphics expertise have greatly added to our
ability to bring microbiology “stories” alive for our readers. We are also highly
appreciative of Dr. Hae Sook Kim and Linda Duckenfield, SM/MT (ASCP), for
assistance in preparing photomicrographs.
The editors and production staff of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins were a constant
source of encouragement and discipline. We particularly want to acknowledge the
tremendously supportive and creative contributions of our editor, Betty Sun,
whose imagination and positive attitude helped us bring this complex project to
completion. The design, content, editing, and assembly of the book have been
greatly enhanced through the efforts of Kathleen Scogna and Jennifer Glazer.
00 Front Matter 6-2-06.qxd 10/3/11 2:52 PM Page viii
viii
Unique Clinical Features
Summaries of bacteria and their diseases
Staphylococcus Colonies are yellow
species
(cid:129) Gram-positive, staining
darkly
(cid:129) Round cocci tending to
Summ UaRryIN AoRf Yc ToRmACmTo INnF EdCisTIeOaNsSes (cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:129) SSOEFtoknsaoidtnepdo oi hcnpmayfoerylidcseoitolticiiotnsionsinscgc(cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:129)us SNT oaeexpcuitrcrioc esteihuzmiosnicagk psnyenudmroomneia Staphylococcus (cid:129)(cid:129) CTogomaruncrrueaglcdtedpauu/ oienfrraare si is ccdnbmuo lobolnstnuoata ntdeiicvnnheirn eiacgsnh blaeirkedoer ot h b ic
A Common causes of UTI1 B Classification of pathogens CTAMFPELMEAUTEPICRNOHRNAORAOCGOLILCYOLQICDYSUILCELPIISONONLOSREIISILDNNOESSNSE1S 11 ONaxfacciilllliinn Scinutfaeltpuchtrieoydlno fcroocmc uas w aouurenuds aazlyougsnraiseer.u sosuf orbrnoe utbanlo dhoeeddm boy-
Escherichia coli OTHER 2 Vancomycin2 Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus saprophyticus GRAM (+) COCCI (ChO. 8T)H ER 333 QdLDaiuanlpifenotzuopopmrlirisydistc3itniinn33- (cid:129) aInnfde chteioanrts v oafl vceasthet1e r sOxacillin (cid:129) Cystitis in women
PKroletebussiella EPPKsrsleocebthueseduireosilmclahoian acso laieruginosa GRAM (–) RODS (Ch. 11233MUU)ssoeesddt iiisnno mvlaatenetcsho ircmeilslyinics-itnrae-nrseti sstotias pntaet nnisti ocisillaolitnlea stGes POCTAMFELMEAETUTPICRNONHHRAORAOIECGOLCLYORLQICIDYSUL LCEPIILSONONOSREINISILDNOSESNS1ES 12 VNaanfcciollminycin2 PCTAMFOEELMETAUTPHNICRNOHERAIORAROCCGOLLYOILQICLDYSULCEPLIISONONIOSNREISILDNSOESNSES1 Penicillin G
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12MUsoesdt iisno mlateetsh irceilslinis-traensti stota pnet nisiocillalitne sG
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Approximate prevalence (%)
C Common Other enterobacteria
E(cid:129) s iEnc.f ehccoetliio rinsisc t hh(Uei TmaI) o,c sinto ccllouimdimngo nc ycsatuitisse a onfd u rinary tract (cid:129) KwlOalhrtehgibceehsr ii engcltaeleanns, e tbEirneane tfo,eo firun oEncbnlduat edcaretseo ornb,roa gPrcamrtoenatriesila muincsesh, aatahebna,itd tas uanScrtesehr r oaafst it ah,e
pyelonephritis. Women are particularly at risk for primarily opportunistic and often nosocomial
infection. Transmission is frequently from the pathogens. They all frequently colonize
patient’s own flora. hospitalized patients, especially in association
(cid:129) esa(ontUrptndboenryachsnaceotie-tonrlumouurmsernnceo npoettnpeeclfptia drec Ehewt a hru.dfit aiottrec hicUigsond t)eTaloa ic,nonIrr y))ycift .csti i hbesf Ctlsaii notocotir wrstaaomai c,ucc(i psnttasche.lseunierc drdio azsm fetb m eiEodnydas .ubs ytcU ery coboT toPtlepiiI.mn a cfUgtimamhsTuo obIosg nrrfeiee laydnqe iub c(iy are n LUDMYBS1A0U R8R PIAAIN (cid:129) woisodTnperrhif gtertiehneeacs varnatemiadinos s oitnmnaiirbvsengsei otsa ti nbhtupnieciecrioso ch ttmaceri ceapess aspdsr e ptiruttmoshraropieoetsedrssntiasua,et ,nctc s eoeicaen fe uan det snshwaxitieonmtiebi tgvluooili oitrxnenyitingxgin ctta se rcttrah.sray e-eWtt iihtansnrieettagdmet c eestteo-tr.ins n,ta .l SCtaaprbhuynloccleo cccauuss aeudr beyu s S tFauprhuynloccleo cccauuss eadu rbeyu s
104
Staphylococcus saprophyticus 19080Normal
(cid:129) S. saprophyticus is a frequent cause of cystitis 94 (cid:129) pPa. taheorguegnin, oasnad ias am saijgonr icfiacuasnet oopf phoorstupnitiaslt-iacc quired
in women, probably related to its occurrence as (nosocomial) infections such as UTI, particularly
pimaprto ortfa nnot ramgaeln vta ogfi nhaols fploitraal-. aItc qisu airlesdo iannfe ctions FEVER icna pthaetiteenritzsa wtiohno, hinasvteru bmeeennt astuiobnje, cstuerdg etory , or renal Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Superficial impetigo
associated with the use of catheters. transplantation, or to prior antibiotic therapy. S. aureus
(cid:129) Sstdntootie.as nmgstpiaoanhopvtgysiovrultooe biapsc iosnhhotcteycaiibtcdnpiica .ohf ulr ty oissclom psicse, o mceaciv eoccessio n.tba Ioypgt t euthietnlsean ircsnd iceasllo-i tnntuao ergG agbul.a el raIt etiss vsceeeiasn- ntsa ibtnivece e (cid:129) abccfpPaalnas.ec pedcaailtsu ierectuadarorlunoitealeogcm srenimneo iazomdendasudaehtacisiaceo e dhtirnnseeia s f ontneaehfcicda seehthsmi ooeeeassnfr nfb.tese deHtn cit sgcyctoisepiovsnu,ieltcso eanta ni.wnes lilPzdssyitasui hlogti e ioclaooy fcdtnnc tunaa. o tromcBhc rihaenemaml cgyaaxeelu n st e stapholococcal disease.
patients with impaired defenses, aggressive
CHILLS antimicrobial therapy is generally required.
Figure 33.4 (continued)
Disease summary of urinary tract infections. 1Uncomplicated cystitis.
Illustrated Case Studies
Case 1:Manwith necrosis of the greattoe
This 63-year-oldmanwithalong history ofdiabetesmellitus second postoperativeday hebecamedisorientedand his
was seen in consultation because of an abrupt deterioration temperaturereached105.2°F. Hisamputation stumpwas
inhis clinicalstatus. Hewasadmittedto the hospital for mottledwithmany areas ofpurplish discoloration,andthe
treatmentofanulcer, whichhadbeen present on his left most distalareaswerequite obviouslynecrotic (dead).
greattoefor several months. Figure 34.1 shows atypical Crepitus(thesensation of displacinggaswhen anareais Quick
exampleof perforatingulcerina diabetic man. pressedwith the fingers)was palpableup tohis patella. An
X-rayof the left lowerextremityshowedgas in the softtis-
Because ofthe inabilityof medical therapy(multiplecourses sues, extendingbeyondthekneeto the areaof the distal Review
of oral antibiotics)to resolvethe ulcer, heunderwentampu- femur.AGram stainof a swab from thenecrotictissueis
ttiavteiondaoyf hheis dleefvt elelogpbeedl oawt ethmepeknraeteu.reO onfth1e01f°irFs,t apnodstoopnetrhae- sh
Herppesviridae Common characteristics
HHeeHrruppmHeessuamnssiiahmmnepprcplleeyexxt so vvvmiiirrrEeuuupgssssa,,,tlTTTTTTTTTeoyyyivnpppi-reeeBu128sa rrvirus (cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:129) RLEInniuenntpmvehelaibelcro ea,tpredteegoo ufiuc nmvobitnlerehutn-eassti-tnnbcrsuaeocntdawldneeeeudtiedsgeneDnntNzhiycAem, egsenpesveneacolniomedpse e-tsraapnnedsccicfriaicpptgsioliydncaofarpecrtoaotresins
VVVaricella-zostervirus essential forinitiationof theinfectiouscycle
(cid:129) Allherpesvirusescan entera latent statefollowingprimary
infection,tobe reactivatedat a latertime
Figure 34.2
Gram stain of material swabbed from deep within
a crepitant area. There are numerous polymorpho-
FPiegruforrea t3in4g.1 ulcer of the great toe. nbcouaccccliellii.a, ra lse uwkeollc ayste as ,f eawnd g mraamn-yn leagrgaetiv ger abmac-pilloi saintivde