Microbial Genetics

520 Pages·31.78 MB·English

by  Stanley R. Maloy, John E. Cronan, David Freifelder

Microbial Genetics
Stanley Rv Maloy
John E. Cronan, Jr.
David Freifelder
THE “UNIVERSAL” GENETIC CODE
First Second position Third
position position
(5' end) U C A G (3' end)
Phe Ser Tyr Cys U
Phe Ser Tyr Cys C
U
Leu Ser Stop Stop A
Leu Ser Stop Trp G
Leu Pro His Arg U
Leu Pro His Arg C
C
Leu Pro Gin Arg A
Leu Pro Gin Arg G
u
lie Thr Asn Ser
c
He Thr Asn Ser
A
lie Thr Lys Arg A
Met Thr Lys Arg G
Val Ala Asp Gly U
Val Ala Asp Gly C
G
Val Ala Glu Gly A
Val Ala Glu Gly G
Note: The boxed codons are used for initiation.
BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN a-AMINO ACID
a-ammo group
a-carbon
Preceding amino Next amino acid
acid in protein in protein
Side chain a-carboxyl group
CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE AMINO ACIDS
Neutral, Nonpolar
H H
! .0 h n-c1 -c^ H..N C1 .c;
h2n~c1 -c^ h2n -c - 2 ! OH I ^OH
1 OH ! OH ACH CH
H . ch3 / h3c \ ch h2cx xch3
3
h3c
Glycine Alanine Valine Isoleucine
H H H
H H
1 T o 1
H2N —CI ~C\X OH h2n c c ;■ 1 1 ^0 h2n~c-c^
i OH . 1 OH
ch2 ch2 h2c/ \c h OH ch2
6 2 1
M c ch
2
h3c ch h2 1
3
s-ch
3
Leucine Phenylalanine Prollne Methionine
Neutral, Polar
H H H
I o O
h2n-c-c H2N-“C"~C H H2N — C —
1 OH | OH 1 O OH
ch2 H — C —CH3 h2n —c— 'OH CH2
! 1
OH OH ch2 CH2
Serine Threonine c !
c~nh2
11
0
6
Asparagine Glutamine
^0
HjN — C — C
""OH
H,N — C —C CH?
H
/
c=c;
o
\lH H2N~~c — c
'OH
/°-<
ch2
HC CH
% // SH
c c
H H
Tryptophan Cysteine
Acidic Rasic
H H
H H
O H I O
I I ^O
H2N — c—-c H,N — C — C
h2n-c-c^ h2n —c —
'OH H2N"“C~C OH
I OH | ^OH CH2 OH CH2
CH2 ch2 ch2
l-N
ch2 I
CH2 I ch2 9 \C -H
HO' O I
ch2
HN CH2 H“CV
HO' ^O \
h2n—ch2
H2N~C —N —H H
Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Lysine Arginine Histidine
*
Microbial
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Microbial
Genetics
Second Edition
Stanley R. Maloy
Department of Microbiology
University of Illinois, Urbana
I
John E. Cronan, Jr.
Departments of Microbiology and Biochemistry
University of Illinois, Urbana
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
NIH LIBRARY
David Freifelder
MAT 1 0 1994
University of California, San Diego
j BUILDING 10
BETMESDA, MO 20*92
i
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Maloy, Stanley R.
Microbial genetics / Stanley R. Maloy, John E. Cronan, David
Freifelder. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-86720-248-3
1. Microbial genetics. I. Cronan, John E. II. Freifelder,
David. III. Title.
QH434.F74 1994
576'.139-dc20 94-7472
CIP
Acquisitions Editors: David E. Phanco, Arthur C. Bartlett
Production Editor: Maiy Cervantes
Manufacturing Buyer: Dana Cerrito
Editorial Production Service: Ruttle, Shaw & Wetherill, Inc.
Typesetting: Weimer Graphics, Inc.
Cover Design: Marshall Henrichs
Printing and Binding: Courier Corporation
Cover Printing: John P. Pow Company
Cover: The figure on the cover represents a physical map of the Escherichia coli chro¬
mosome. The outer circle shows regions of the chromosome where the DNA sequence
has been determined (compiled in 1992). The eight inner circles show the positions of
recognition sites of eight restriction endonucleases: BamHl, Hindlll, EcoRI, EcoRV, Bgll,
Kpnl, Pstl, and Pvull. This figure was kindly provided by Kenneth E. Rudd from the
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD. The physical map is described in detail in: K. Rudd. 1993. Maps, genes, sequences,
and computers: an Escherichia coli case study. ASM News 59, 335.
Printed in the United States of America
98 97 96 95 94 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Brief Contents
PART 1 ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS AND
MICROBIOLOGY
Chapter 1 Essentials of Genetics 3
Chapter 2 Nucleic Acids 29
Chapter 3 Proteins 55
Chapter 4 Bacteria 67
Chapter 5 Phage Biology 81
PART 2 MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF GENE
EXPRESSION
Chapter 6 Gene Expression 101
Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression 121
PART 3 MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC
INFORMATION
Chapter 8 DNA Replication 145
Chapter 9 DNA Damage and Repair 161
Chapter 10 Mutagenesis, Mutations, and Mutants 179
PART 4 GENETICS OF BACTERIA AND PHAGES
Chapter 11 Plasmids 213
Chapter 12 Transposable Elements 239
Chapter 13 Bacterial Transformation 263
Chapter 14 Bacterial Conjugation 279
Chapter 15 Genetics of Phage T4 309
Chapter 16 Lytic Growth of Phage A- 335
Chapter 17 Lysogeny 351
Chapter 18 Transduction 377
Chapter 19 Strain Construction 391
PART 5 THE NEW MICROBIAL GENETICS
Chapter 20 Genetic Engineering 409
Chapter 21 Applications of Genetic Engineering 435 v
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