Table Of Content

Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination This pageintentionallyleftblank Advances in Pollution Research Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination Editedby GOWHAR HAMID DAR Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College,ClusterUniversity Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India ROUF AHMAD BHAT Department of School Education,Government of Jammuand Kashmir, Jammu& Kashmir, India HUMAIRA QADRI Department of Environment and Water Management, Sri Pratap College,Cluster University Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir, India KHALID REHMAN HAKEEM Department of Biological Sciences,Faculty of Science, King AbdulazizUniversity, Jeddah,SaudiArabia SeriesEditor MUHAMMAD ZAFFAR HASHMI Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandour arrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyright LicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightby thePublisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchand experiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices, ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafety andthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatter ofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-91893-0 ForInformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:CandiceJanco AcquisitionsEditor:JessicaMack EditorialProjectManager:JoshuaMearns ProductionProjectManager:KumarAnbazhagan CoverDesigner:GregHarris TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Dedication Dedicated to all those who lost their life due to COVID-19 pandemic. This page intentionallyleftblank Contents Listofcontributors xvii Abouttheeditors xxiii Foreword xxvii Preface xxix Acknowledgments xxxiii Aboutthebook xxxv 1. Threats and consequencesof untreated wastewater on freshwater environments 1 IshratJan,TawseefAhmad,MohammadSaleemWani,ShoaibAliDar, NaseemaAqbarWani,NazirAhmadMalikandYounasRasheedTantary 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Whatissewage? 4 1.3 Contaminantsourcesofemergingconcerns 5 1.3.1 Wastewater 5 1.3.2 Sewagesludge 6 1.3.3 Urbansolidwaste 8 1.4 Fateofcontaminants 9 1.5 Ecologicalriskandhealthassessmentofemergingcontaminantin untreatedwater 10 1.6 Untreatedwastewaterasacauseofantibioticresistance 12 1.7 Impactofwastewateroncities 13 1.8 Impactofwastewateronindustry 14 1.9 Impactofwastewateronagriculture 14 1.10 Impactofwastewateronnaturalbodiesofwater 15 1.11 Impactofuntreatedwastewateronmicrobialdiversity 15 1.12 Impactofwastewaterinaquaticenvironments 16 1.13 Biologichazardsinaquaticenvironments 17 1.14 Majorthreats 17 1.15 Whyshouldwastewaterbetreated? 18 1.16 Challengesandopportunities 18 1.17 Conclusion 19 References 19 vii viii Contents 2. Unravelinga correlation between environmental contaminants and human health 27 MisbahNaz,MuhammadAmmarRaza,MuhammadTariq, ShackiraA.M.andXiaorongFan 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Environmentaltoxicologyandrelatedhumanhealthrisks 28 2.2.1 Airpollution 30 2.2.2 Hazardeffectonhealth 31 2.2.3 Nonpointsourcepollution 31 2.2.4 Chemicalpollutionfromtheenvironment 32 2.3 Theenvironmentalimpactofchemicalfertilizersandexcessive fertilizersonwaterquality 33 2.3.1 Oxygenconsumption 33 2.3.2 Weedgrowthandalgaebloom 33 2.4 Methodtorevealtherelationshipbetweenhumanbody, environment,andemotiondata 34 2.5 Conclusion 36 References 37 3. Effect of wastewaterfrom industries on freshwater ecosystem: threats and remedies 41 JohraKhan 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Salinewastewater:itsimpactandtreatment 42 3.2.1 Effectofsalinityonfreshwaterecosystem 42 3.3 Food-processingindustrywastewater 43 3.4 Leatherindustrywastewater 44 3.5 Effluentsfrompetroleumindustry 45 3.6 Plasticindustriesandmicro-andnanoplasticinfreshwaterecosystem 45 3.6.1 Effectofmicroplasticonfreshwaterecosystem 46 3.7 Effectofdifferentwastewaterfromindustriesonfreshwaterorganisms 47 3.8 Remediestoreduceindustrialeffluents 49 3.9 Conclusion 50 References 51 4. Credibility on biosensors for monitoring contaminationin aquatic environs 59 AkankshaJaiswar,NehaSharma,PriyankaBasera,AshishBediand RahulSinghJasrotia 4.1 Introduction 59 Contents ix 4.2 Majorsourcesofwaterpollution 61 4.3 Biosensors 61 4.3.1 Biosensorsforthedetectionofheavymetals 62 4.3.2 Biosensorsforthedetectionofmicroorganisms 67 4.3.3 Biosensorsforthedetectionoforganicpollutants 69 4.4 Generallimitations,challenges,andfutureprospectsofbiosensorsin wastewatermonitoring 71 4.5 Conclusion 73 References 73 5. Microbialsystems, current trends,and future prospective: asystemic analysis 81 MisbahNaz,MuhammadAmmarRaza,MuhammadRahilAfzal, MuhammadJafarJaskani,MuhammadAnwar,MuhammadTariq, MuhammadRiazandXiaorongFan 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Microbiologyforsoilhealth,environmentalprotection,andsustainable agriculture 83 5.3 Futureprospectsofenvironmentalmicroorganisms 84 5.4 Microbialpesticides 86 5.5 Microorganisms’impendingvisions 86 5.6 Interconnectionsbetweenplantsandsoilmicroorganisms 87 5.7 Plantacquisitionofnutrients:directuptakefromthesoil 88 5.7.1 Mycorrhizalinteractionswithplants 88 5.8 Conclusionandremark 91 References 91 6. Microbialconsortia for pollution remediation—Success stories 95 MirZahoorGul,KarunaRupulaandSashidharRaoBeedu 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Bioremediation 96 6.3 Microbialconsortia—amultispecializedbiologicalsystemforbioremediation 98 6.4 Microbialconsortiaanddegradationofpollutants 101 6.4.1 Degradationofpetroleumcomponents 101 6.4.2 Remediationofwastewater 104 6.4.3 Degradationofindustrialdyes 107 6.4.4 Remediationofotherorganicpollutants 109 6.5 Conclusionandfutureperspective 110 Acknowledgment 111 References 111