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Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances N. S. Pradeep Lekshmi K. Edison Editors Microbial Beta Glucanases Molecular Structure, Functions and Applications Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances SeriesEditors Jayanta Kumar Patra, Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University,Ilsandong,Goyang,Kyonggi-do,Korea(Republicof) GitishreeDas,ResearchInstituteofIntegrativeLifeSciences,DonggukUniversity, Goyang,Korea(Republicof) This series isan authoritative resource that explainsrecent advances and emerging directionsinbiotechnology,reflectingtheforefrontofresearchclearlyandreliably, without excessive hype. Each volume is written by authors with excellent reputa- tionsandacknowledgedexpertiseinthetopicunderdiscussion.Thevolumesspan the entire field from an interdisciplinary perspective, covering everything from biotechnology principles and methods to applications in areas including genetic engineering, transgenic plants and animals, environmental problems, genomics, proteomics, diagnosis of disease, gene therapy, and biomedicine. The significance oftheseapplicationsfortheachievementofUNSustainableDevelopmentGoalsis highlighted. The series will be highly relevant for Master’s and PhD students in Biotechnology,Nanochemistry,BiochemicalEngineering,andMicrobiology,med- ical students, academic and industrial researchers, agricultural scientists, farmers, clinicians,industrypersonnel,andentrepreneurs. (cid:129) N. S. Pradeep Lekshmi K. Edison Editors Microbial Beta Glucanases Molecular Structure, Functions and Applications Editors N.S.Pradeep LekshmiK.Edison KSCSTE-MalabarBotanicalGarden RajivGandhiCentreforBiotechnology(RGCB) andInstituteforPlantSciences Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala,India Kozhikode,Kerala,India ISSN2730-7069 ISSN2730-7077 (electronic) InterdisciplinaryBiotechnologicalAdvances ISBN978-981-19-6465-7 ISBN978-981-19-6466-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6466-4 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Enzymesarenaturallyevolvedbiocatalystsdesignedwithprecisesuitableregulatory mechanismswhichhelpthecellstosurviveinextremeenvironmentalconditionsby catalysingmostlyallthechemicalandbiochemicalreactions.Currently,morethan 3000 diverse enzymes have been discovered but only very less is commercially exploited.Microbesarethemostpreferredsourceforindustrialenzymesbecauseof the easy obtainability and rapid growth rate. The global enzyme market has been rapidly growing over the recent years on account of intensifying awareness and disseminationofindustrialenzymesinnumerousindustrialsectors. Biotechnologyhasadirectinfluenceontheindustrialsectors,suchasfood,feed, healthcare, environment and energy, which are mainly focused on socio- environmental essentials, especially economic forces. The understanding of applications in disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry, bioprocess engineering, genetics and molecular biology merging with the dependency in low energy con- sumption, utilization of renewable feed stock and environmentally favourable processingpotentiallyledtoimprovedindustrialproductionalongwithsustainable development. Microorganismsarethemostpreferredsourcesforindustrialenzymesbecauseof easy obtainability,andrapid growthrate. Microorganismshavebeen utilized since ancienthumancivilizationasearlyas6000BC.Theprospectsoftheuseofenzymes from microbial sources in industrial sectors have increased significantly in the twenty-first century and endlessly increasing to encounter the demand of promptly growing population and cope with the exhaustion of natural resources. Beta- glucanase are group of carbohydrate enzymes that hydrolyse glycosidic bonds withintheinsolubleβ-glucansubstrates,whichareunabletobedigestedbyanimals easily.Theseenzymesarecharacterizedextensivelyinmicroorganismslikebacteria, fungiandalsoinplants.Theyhaveappreciableecologicalimplicationandcommer- cial applications in established biotechnological industries, viz. brewing and wine production, textile industry, animal feed industry, waste treatments, coffee processing,biofuelproductionandmanymore. v vi Preface This volume contains 12 chapters covering topics related to beta-glucanases. Though the focus is on microbial sources, it also describes other sources of beta- glucanaseanditsapplications.Wedobelievethatthisbookcanprovideinformation tovarioussectors,viz.academia,industryandanyonewhohastheinteresttohandle thesetopicseitherasateacherorasaresearcher. Wearethankfultotheauthorswhocontributedtothisvolume.Oursincerethanks toallthosewhohelpedusineditingandinspiredusinourway. Kerala,India N.S.Pradeep LekshmiK.Edison Contents 1 Beta-Glucanases:AnIntroduction,MarketingDynamics andIndustrialApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LekshmiK.EdisonandN.S.Pradeep 2 StructureandClassificationofBeta-Glucanases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 LekshmiK.Edison,KarthikMenon,andN.S.Pradeep 3 Beta-Glucanase:DiverseBacterialSourcesanditsApplications. . . 33 P.Nisha 4 Beta-Glucanases:SourcesandProductionfromFungi. . . . . . . . . . 51 ShwetaKulshreshthaandVinaySharma 5 Beta-GlucanasesinAnimalNutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 LekshmiK.Edison,V.M.Ragitha,andN.S.Pradeep 6 Beta-GlucanaseinBreweries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 LekshmiK.Edison,S.R.Reji,andN.S.Pradeep 7 ApplicationsofMicrobialBeta-GlucanaseinCropImprovement UnderBioticandAbioticStress. . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. 99 YachanaJha 8 ExploitationofActinobacteriaforBeta-Glucanolytic Enzymes—ScreeningandCharacterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 LekshmiK.Edison,S.Anu,andN.S.Pradeep 9 StructuralCharacterizationofBeta-Glucanasefrom Actinobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 LekshmiK.Edison,T.G.Nandu,andN.S.Pradeep 10 ApplicationofCodonOptimizationandRecombinant ExpressionofBeta-Glucanases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 LekshmiK.Edison,VipinMohanDan,andN.S.Pradeep vii viii Contents 11 IndustrialProductionandPurificationofRecombinant Beta-Glucanases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 LekshmiK.Edison,P.K.Satheeshkumar,andN.S.Pradeep 12 BiotechnologicalAvenuesinHybridBeta-Glucanases. . . . . . . . . . . 187 LekshmiK.Edison,K.Anu,andN.S.Pradeep Editors and Contributors About the Editors N. S. Pradeep is currently working as a principal scientist at KSCSTE-Malabar BotanicalGardenandtheInstituteforPlantSciences,Kozhikode,Kerala,India.He obtainedhisPh.D.fromGandhigramUniversity,Madurai,India.Hehasmorethan 25 years of research experience in various fields of plant science. Dr. Pradeep has publishedseveralresearchpapersinnationalandinternationaljournalsandhasone patenttohiscredit.TwelvestudentsobtainedPh.D.underhismentorshipsofar.He is the author/editor of several books and life member of the Association of Micro- biologistsofIndia,MushroomSocietyofIndia,theIndianMycologicalSociety,the IndianScienceCongressAssociationandtheKeralaAcademyofSciences,among others.He isalso a fellow of theKerala Academy ofSciences. Dr. Pradeep isalso associatedwiththeKeralaStateBiodiversityBoardinvariouscapacities.Hismajor area of interest is biodiversity and biotechnology. Dr. Pradeep is also actively involved in science popularization and training, and he was a research committee member of the Integrated Rural Technology Centre, Kerala, India. Currently, he is thegoverningcouncilmemberoftheSophisticatedTestandInstrumentationCentre (STIC), Kochi, and task force member of the women’s biotechnology programs, Dept.ofBiotechnology,Govt.ofIndia. Lekshmi K. Edison was born in Kerala, India. She received her undergraduate degree in zoology and master’s degree in biotechnology from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, and postgraduate diploma in bioinformatics from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. She obtained her doctoral degree in biotechnology from the University of Kerala in 2019 under the supervision of Dr. N. S. Pradeep at KSCSTE-JNTBGRI, Palode, Trivandrum. The focus of her thesis was structural characterization and heterologous production of beta-glucanasesfromStreptomycesspecies.Shethensecuredtheresearchassociate fellowshipfromtheDepartmentofBiotechnology,GovernmentofIndia,andstarted postdoctoral research at Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), ix