Microbes for climate resilient agriculture

339 Pages·2018·4.69 MB·English

by  Kashyap

MICROBES
FOR CLIMATE
RESILIENT
AGRICULTURE
MICROBES FOR
CLIMATE RESILIENT
AGRICULTURE
Edited by
Prem Lal Kashyap
Alok Kumar Srivastava
Shree Prakash Tiwari
Sudheer Kumar
This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloguing‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Kashyap, Prem Lal, 1981– editor. | Srivastava, Alok Kumar, 1968– editor. |
Tiwari, Shree Prakash, editor. | Kumar, Sudheer, 1972– editor.
Title: Microbes for climate resilient agriculture / edited by Prem Lal Kashyap, Alok Kumar Srivastava,
Shree Prakash Tiwari, and Sudheer Kumar.
Description: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017032716 (print) | LCCN 2017048211 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119275954 (ePDF) |
ISBN 9781119276029 (ePUB) | ISBN 9781119275923 (hardback)
Subjects: | MESH: Agriculture–methods | Climate Change | Microbiota | Biotechnology | Food Supply
Classification: LCC S600.7.C54 (ebook) | LCC S600.7.C54 M53 2018 (print) |
NLM S 600.7.C54 | DDC 338.1/4–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017032716
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © Thammanoon Khamchalee/Shutterstock; (inset image) © Dariush M/Shutterstock
Set in 10/12pt Times by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
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We dedicate this book to our parents for their endless love,
support and encouragement.
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE EDITORS xv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xix
PREFACE xxiii
1
THE ROLE OF THE PHYTOMICROBIOME IN MAINTAINING
BIOFUEL CROP PRODUCTION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE 1
Gayathri Ilangumaran, John R. Lamont and Donald L. Smith
1.1 General Background on Climate Change 1
1.2 More Extreme Weather More Often – More Crop Stress 2
1.3 Biofuel Crops – Alternative to Fossil Fuels 3
1.4 Avoiding Competition with Food Production 4
1.5 Fuel Crops Grown on Marginal Lands – Constraints 4
1.6 Plant Response to Stresses Related to Climate Change
and Marginal Lands 6
1.7 Sustaining Biofuel Crops Under Stressful Environments 7
1.8 The Phytomicrobiome and Climate Change Conditions 8
1.9 The Phytomicrobiome and Abiotic Plant Stress 8
1.10 Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance in the Phytomicrobiome 9
1.11 Phytomicrobiome Engineering 11
1.12 The Phytomicrobiome in Biofuel Plants 12
1.13 Role of the Phytomicrobiome in Phytoremediation
by Biofuel Plants 13
References 14
vii
viii CONTENTS
2
THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON SOIL MICROBIAL
COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 25
Binu M. Tripathi, Itumeleng Moroenyane and Jonathan M. Adams
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 The Extent of Soil Microbial Diversity and their Status
in Tropical Soils 27
2.3 The Composition and Function of Microbial Communities
in Tropical Soils of Southeast Asia 29
2.3.1 Unique Soil Microbial Communities of Southeast Asia
and their Potential Drivers 29
2.4 The Impact of Land use Change on Soil Microbial Community
Structure and Diversity 31
2.5 The Impact of Land use Change on Soil Functional
Gene Diversity 34
2.6 Conclusions 35
References 35
3
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON PLANT DISEASES: OPINION,
TRENDS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES 41
Sachin Gupta, Deepika Sharma and Moni Gupta
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Climate Change and Agriculture 42
3.3 Interactions among Global Change Factors 43
3.4 Pathogen–Host Plant Relationship under
Changed Scenario 44
3.5 Effect of Climate Change on Plant Diseases 44
3.5.1 Temperature 46
3.5.2 Drought 48
3.5.3 Rainfall 48
3.5.4 CO Concentration 48
2
3.6 Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change 49
3.6.1 Adaptation Strategies 49
3.6.2 Mitigation Strategies 50
3.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 51
References 51
CONTENTS ix
4
MICROALGAE: POTENTIAL AGENTS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
MITIGATION 57
Preeti Singh, Rahul Kunwar Singh and Dhananjay Kumar
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Carbon Capture and Storage 60
4.3 Carbon Capture by Photosynthesis 60
4.4 CO Mitigation by Microalgal Culture 60
2
4.4.1 The Open Pond System 61
4.4.2 The Closed Photobioreactor System 62
4.4.3 The Environmentally Controlled System 62
4.5 Advantages 62
4.5.1 Integration of Microalgal Culture in Waste Water
Treatment 62
4.5.2 Ability of Microalgae to Tolerate the Greenhouse
Gases 62
4.6 Carbon Concentrating Mechanism of Microalgae 65
4.7 CO Sequestration by Microalgae 65
2
4.8 Cost Effectiveness 66
4.8.1 Biofertilizer 66
4.8.2 Biofuel 67
4.8.3 Other Products 67
4.9 Conclusion 68
References 68
5
PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISMS AND BIOENERGY
PROSPECTS: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL 75
Balkrishna Tiwari, Sindhunath Chakraborty, Ekta Verma and
Arun Kumar Mishra
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 Photosynthetic Microbes 78
5.3 Anoxigenic Photosynthetic Microbes 79
5.3.1 Green Photosynthetic Bacteria 79
5.3.2 Purple Bacteria 82
5.3.3 Heliobacteria 84
5.3.4 Prospects of Anoxigenic Photosynthetic Microbes
in Bioenergy Production 86
x CONTENTS
5.4 Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microbes 87
5.4.1 Cyanobacteria 89
5.4.2 Microalgae 93
5.5 Biomass Production and Challenges 95
5.6 Some Important Issues Associated with Biofuel Production 96
5.6.1 Use of Water 96
5.6.2 Nutrients and Competition with Crops 96
5.6.3 Minimizing Algae Death from Biotic and Abiotic Factors 96
5.6.4 Competition with Petroleum in Terms of Price 97
5.7 Conclusions 97
Acknowledgements 98
References 98
6
AMELIORATION OF ABIOTIC STRESSES IN PLANTS
THROUGH MULTI‐FACETED BENEFICIAL
MICROORGANISMS 105
Usha Chakraborty, Bishwanath Chakraborty and Jayanwita Sarkar
6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 Temperature Stress Alleviation 107
6.2.1 Alleviation by Bacteria 107
6.2.2 Alleviation by Fungi 110
6.3 Water and Salinity Stress Alleviation 112
6.3.1 Alleviation by Bacteria 112
6.3.2 Alleviation by Fungi 118
6.4 Alleviation of Heavy Metal Toxicity 124
6.5 Conclusions 131
References 132
7
ROLE OF METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA IN CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION 149
Manish Kumar, Raghvendra Saxena, Rajesh Singh Tomar,
Pankaj K. Rai and Diby Paul
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 Methylotrophic Bacteria and their Role in Agriculture 151
7.3 Volatile Organic Carbon Mitigation and Methylotrophs 152
7.4 Carbon Cycling and Climate Change 152
7.5 Methylotrophs Mitigating Methane 154
7.6 Methylotrophs Mitigating Methane in Paddy Fields 158
CONTENTS xi
7.7 Conclusions 160
Acknowledgements 160
References 160
8
CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
RESILIENCE: A MICROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 165
Raj Pal Meena and Ankita Jha
8.1 Introduction 165
8.2 The Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production 169
8.3 Concepts and Principles of Conservation Agriculture 173
8.4 The Ecological Role of Microbial Biodiversity
in Agro‐Ecosystems 177
8.5 Role of Microbial Population in C‐Sequestration,
N, P Cycle 179
8.6 Restoring Diversity in Large‐Scale Monocultures 180
8.7 Enhancing Crops vis‐a‐vis Microbial Biodiversity
to Reduce Vulnerability 181
8.8 Conclusions 183
References 183
9
ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: RESILIENCE
TO CLIMATE CHANGE 191
M. Thomas, K.K. Pal and R. Dey
9.1 Introduction 191
9.2 Possible Role of Archaea in Agricultural Sustainability 192
9.3 Ecology and Phylogeny of Domain Archaea 193
9.4 Archaeal Contribution to Global Climate Change 194
9.4.1 Archaeal Response to Increased Temperatures 195
9.4.2 Archaeal Response to Biogeochemical Cycles 196
9.5 Archaeal Mechanisms of Adaptation with Respect
to Abiotic Changes 200
9.6 Conclusions 200
References 201
10
MYCORRHIZA – HELPING PLANTS TO NAVIGATE
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES 205
Raghvendra Pratap Singh, Geetanjali Manchanda,
Mian Nabeel Anwar, Jun Jie Zhang and Yue Zhang Li