Meyler's Side Effects of Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs (Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs)

709 Pages·2009·4.49 MB·English

by  Jeffrey K. Aronson MA DPhil MBChB FRCP FBPharmacolS FFPM(Hon)

Meyler’s Side Effects of Endocrine and Metabolic
Drugs
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Meyler’s Side Effects of
Endocrine and Metabolic
Drugs
Editor
J K Aronson, MA, DPhil, MBChB, FRCP, FBPharmacolS, FFPM (Hon)
Oxford, United Kingdom
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Contents
Preface vii
Corticosteroids and related drugs 1
Prostaglandins 101
Sex hormones and related drugs 135
Iodine and drugs that affect thyroid function 315
Insulins and other hypoglycemic drugs 357
Other hormones and related drugs 475
Lipid – regulating drugs 527
Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of non-hormonal
and non-metabolic drugs 571
Index of drug names 693
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Preface which appeared in 1980, was labelled the ninth edition,
andsincethenanewencyclopaediceditionhasappeared
This volume covers the adverse effects of drugs with everyfouryears.The15theditionwaspublishedin2006,
endocrine or metabolic effects. The material has been inbothhardandelectronicversions.
collected from Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The
International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions
Monograph structure
and Interactions (15th edition, 2006, in six volumes),
which was itself based on previous editions of Meyler’s
The monographs in this volume are arranged in eight
SideEffectsofDrugsandSideEffectsofDrugsAnnuals,
sections:
andfromlaterSideEffectsofDrugsAnnuals(SEDA)28,
(cid:2)
29, and 30. The main contributors of this material were corticosteroidsandrelateddrugs;
(cid:2)
JK Aronson, I Aursnes, A Buitenhuis, LG Cleland, P prostaglandins;
(cid:2)
Coates, J Costa, MNG Dukes, M Farre´, JA Franklyn, sexhormonesandrelateddrugs;
(cid:2)
HMJ Krans, RCL Page, BS True, CJ van Boxtel, and iodineanddrugsthataffectthyroidfunction;
(cid:2)
J Weeke. For contributors to earlier editions of insulinandotherhypoglycemicdrugs;
(cid:2)
Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs and the Side Effects of otherhormonesandrelateddrugs;
(cid:2)
Drugs Annuals, see http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/ lipid-regulatingdrugs
(cid:2)
bookseriesdescription.cws_home/BS_SED/description. endocrineandmetabolicadverseeffectsofnon-hormo-
nalandnon-metabolicdrugs.
IneachmonographintheMeylerseriestheinformationis
A brief history of the Meyler series
organizedintosectionsasshownbelow(althoughnotall
thesectionsarecoveredineachmonograph).
Leopold Meyler was a physician who was treated for
tuberculosis after the end of the Nazi occupation of The
Netherlands.AccordingtoProfessorWimLammers,writ-
DoTS classification of adverse drug
ing a tribute in Volume VIII (1975), Meyler got a fever
reactions
from para-aminosalicylic acid, but elsewhere Graham
Dukes has written, based on information from Meyler’s
A few adverse effects have been classified using the sys-
widow, that it was deafness from dihydrostreptomycin;
temknownasDoTS.Inthissystemadversereactionsare
perhaps it was both. Meyler discovered that there was
classified according to the Dose at which they usually
no single text to which medical practitioners could look
occur, the Time-course over which they occur, and the
for information about unwanted effects of drug therapy;
Susceptibility factors that make them more likely, as
Louis Lewin’s text ‘‘Die Nebenwirkungen der
follows:
Arzneimittel’’ (‘‘The Untoward Effects of Drugs’’) of
(cid:2)
1881 had long been out of print (SEDA-27, xxv-xxix). RelationtoDose
Meyler therefore determined to make such information (cid:2)
Toxic reactions—reactions that occur at suprathera-
availableandpersuadedtheNetherlandspublishingfirm
peuticdoses
of Van Gorcum to publish a book, in Dutch, entirely (cid:2)
Collateral reactions—reactions that occur at stan-
devoted to descriptions of the adverse effects that drugs
dardtherapeuticdoses
could cause. He went on to agree with the Elsevier (cid:2)
Hypersusceptibility reactions—reactions that occur
Publishing Company, as it was then called, to prepare
atsubtherapeuticdosesinsusceptibleindividuals
and issue an English translation. The first edition of 192
pages(SchadelijkeNevenwerkingenvanGeneesmiddelen) (cid:2)
Timecourse
appearedin1951andtheEnglishversion(SideEffectsof
(cid:2)
Drugs)ayearlater. Time-independentreactions—reactionsthatoccurat
The book was a great success, and a few years later anytimeduringacourseoftherapy
(cid:2)
Meyler started to publish what he called surveys of Time-dependentreactions
(cid:2)
unwantedeffectsofdrugs.Eachsurveycoveredaperiod Immediate or rapid reactions—reactions that
oftwotofouryears.Theywerelabelledasvolumesrather occuronlywhenadrugisadministeredtoorapidly
(cid:2)
than editions, and after Volume IV had been published First-dosereactions—reactionsthatoccurafterthe
Meyler could no longer handle the task alone. For sub- first dose of a courseof treatmentand notneces-
sequent volumes he recruited collaborators, such as sarilythereafter
(cid:2)
Andrew Herxheimer. In September 1973 Meyler died Early reactions—reactions that occur early in
unexpectedly, and Elsevier invited Graham Dukes to treatmenttheneitherabatewithcontinuingtreat-
takeovertheeditingofVolumeVIII. ment(owingtotolerance)orpersist
(cid:2)
DukespersuadedElsevierthatthepublishedliterature Intermediatereactions—reactionsthatoccurafter
was too large to be comfortably encompassed in a four- some delay but with less risk during longer term
yearlycycle,andhesuggestedthatthevolumesshouldbe therapy,owingtothe‘‘healthysurvivor’’effect
(cid:2)
producedannuallyinstead.Thefour-yearlyvolumecould Late reactions—reactions the risk of which
then concentrate on providing a complementary critical increaseswithcontinuedorrepeatedexposure
(cid:2)
encyclopaedic survey of the entire field. The first Side Withdrawalreactions—reactionsthatoccurwhen,
EffectsofDrugsAnnualwaspublishedin1977.Thefirst afterprolongedtreatment,adrugiswithdrawnor
encyclopaedic edition of Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs, itseffectivedoseisreduced
viii Preface
(cid:2)
Delayed reactions—reactions that occur some Names (rINN or pINN); when these are not available,
timeafterexposure,evenifthedrugiswithdrawn chemical names have been used. In some cases brand
beforethereactionappears nameshavebeenused.
(cid:2)
Susceptibilityfactors
(cid:2) Spelling
Genetic
(cid:2)
Age
(cid:2) Forindexingpurposes,Americanspellinghasbeenused,
Sex
(cid:2) e.g.anemia,estrogen,ratherthananaemia,oestrogen.
Physiologicalvariation
(cid:2)
Exogenous factors (for example drug–drug or
drug–foodinteractions,smoking)
(cid:2) Diseases Cross-references
ThevariouseditionsofMeyler’sSideEffectsofDrugsare
citedinthetextasSED-l3,SED-14,etc;theSideEffects
Drug names
ofDrugsAnnualsarecitedasSEDA-1,SEDA-2,etc.
Drugs have usually been designated by their recom- JKAronson
mended or proposed International Non-proprietary Oxford,November2008
Preface ix
Organization of material in monographs in the Meyler series Bodytemperature
(notallsectionsareincludedineachmonograph) Multiorganfailure
Trauma
Generalinformation Death
Drugstudies Long-termeffects
Observationalstudies Drugabuse
Comparativestudies Drugmisuse
Drug-combinationstudies Drugtolerance
Placebo-controlledstudies Drugresistance
Systematicreviews Drugdependence
Organsandsystems Drugwithdrawal
Cardiovascular Genotoxicity
Respiratory Cytotoxicity
Ear,nose,throat Mutagenicity
Nervoussystem Tumorigenicity
Neuromuscularfunction Second-generationeffects
Sensorysystems Fertility
Psychological Pregnancy
Psychiatric Teratogenicity
Endocrine Fetotoxicity
Metabolism Lactation
Nutrition Breastfeeding
Electrolytebalance Susceptibilityfactors
Mineralbalance Geneticfactors
Metalmetabolism Age
Acid-basebalance Sex
Fluidbalance Physiologicalfactors
Hematologic Disease
Mouth Otherfeaturesofthepatient
Teeth Drugadministration
Salivaryglands Drugformulations
Gastrointestinal Drugadditives
Liver Drugcontaminationandadulteration
Biliarytract Drugdosageregimens
Pancreas Drugadministrationroute
Urinarytract Drugoverdose
Skin Interactions
Hair Drug-druginteractions
Nails Food-druginteractions
Sweatglands Drug-deviceinteractions
Serosae Smoking
Musculoskeletal Otherenvironmentalinteractions
Sexualfunction Interferencewithdiagnostictests
Reproductivesystem Diagnosisofadversedrugreactions
Breasts Managementofadversedrugreactions
Immunologic Monitoringtherapy
Autacoids References
Infectionrisk