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Methods of Laser Spectroscopy PDF

481 Pages·1986·11.19 MB·English
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METHODS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY METHODS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY Edited by Yehiam Prior The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel Abraham Ben-Reuven Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel and Michael Rosenbluh Bar-Ilan University Ramal-Can, Israel PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy (1985: Weizmann Institute of Science and En Bokek, Israel) Methods of laser spectroscopy. "Proceedings of the Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy, held December 16-20, 1985, at the Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel, and Ein-Bokek, Dead Sea, Israel"-T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Laser spectroscopy-Congresses. 2. Nonlinear optics-Congresses. 3. Co herence (Optics)-Congresses. I. Prior, Yehiam. II. Ben-Reuven, Abraham. III. Rosenbluh, Michael. IV. Title. QC454.L3F75 1985 621.36/6 86-12304 Proceedings of the Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy, held December 16-20, 1985, at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, and Ein-Bokek, Dead Sea, Israel © 1986 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9461-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9459-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9459-8 FRITZ HABER SYMPOSIUM ON METHODS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY December 16-20, 1985 ISRAEL SPONSORED BY: - Israel Academy of Sciences - Weizmann Institute of Science - Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics of the Hebrew University - Tel-Aviv University - Bar Ilan University ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: Yehiam Prior (Weizmann Institute of Science)(Chairman) Abraham Ben-Reuven (Tel-Aviv University) Yehuda Haas (Hebrew University) Ron Naaman(Weizmann Institute of Science) Michael Rosenbluh (Bar Ilan University) Amnon Yogev (Weizmann Institute of Science) Coordinator: Yitzchak Berman (Weizmann Institute of Science) The Organizing Committee acknowledges the generous support of the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, W.Germany for making this meeting possible. The Organizing Committee also expresses its gratitude for the support from the following: - Maurice & Gabriela Goldschleger Foundation at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot - Spectra Physics (USA) - Coherent Inc (USA) - Lambda Physik (Germany) 1/ PREFACE The Fritz Haber Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy was held in Ein Bokek, Israel, on the shores of the Dead Sea, on December 16-20, 1985. The location is the lowest place on earth, 392 meters below sea level. It was hoped that 120 active laser scientists, so lowly trapped in such a place, with the nearest entertainment 100 km away, will have no choice but to discuss laser spectroscopy. On the average, the Dead Sea area receives 3-4 days of rain each year, and this year these days all occurred during the conference. This did not mean the cancellation of the hikes, although the trip to Massada was conducted in the rain. The unexpected rains also caused flash floods in the area, and Ein Bokek was completely cut-off on Thursday night. The archeologist scheduled to speak after dinner, and the belly dancer scheduled to appear afterwards, (~ould not arrive, resulting in the only serious deviation from the original plan. The scientific program consisted of invited talks and contributed posters. The emphasis in selection of invited speakers and topics was on the methods rather than specific molecular systems, and an attempt was made to allow ample time for discussion after each lecture. The same philosophy guided us in editing this book, and authors were requested to write manuscripts longer than usual for standard conference proceedings. We wish to thank the other members of the organizing committee, Yehuda Haas, Ron Naaman and Amnon Yogev for their efforts during the or~anization stages. We are grateful to the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, West Germany, for the generous support which made the meetin~ possible. We also thank our sponsors, academic and corporate, for their interest and support. Special thanks are due to Yitzchak Berman, the conference coordinator. If one has to organize a conference, one cannot hope for a better person to work with. We are grateful to Jacqueline Biran, Batya Reindorf and Rama Avni who worked endlessly before, during and after the conference to cover all aspects of the organization, and we thank Leo Sapir for his skills in running the projection equipment and the emergency ~enerators during the power failure. Although organizers are not supposed to enjoy a meeting they organize, we nonetheless managed to do so, and this was possible only because of the pleasant, cooperative atmosphere for which we thank all the participants. February 1986 Yehiam Prior Abraham Ben-Reuven Michael Rosenbluh vii CONTENTS FEW-ATOM LASER INTERACTIONS New Theoretical Tools for Single Atom Laser Spectroscopy.............. 1 C. Cohen-TannoudJi and J. Dalibard The One-Atom Maser and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics ••••••••••••••••• 11 G. Rempe and H. Walther Rydberg Atoms and Radiation ••••••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 S. Haroche Laser Cooling and Magnetic Trapping of Neutral Atoms •••••••••••••••••• 33 H. Metcalf Cooling and Trapping of Atoms with Laser Light •••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 S. Chu, J.E. Bjorkholm, A. Ashkin, L. Hollberg and A. Cable TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY Investigation of Nonthermal Population Distributions with Femtosecond Optical Pulses .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51 C. V. Shank Intra- and Intermolecular Energy Transfer of Large Molecules in Solution After Picosecond Excitation •••.••••••••••••••••••••• 55 W. Kaiser and A. Seilmeier New Techniques of Time-Resolved Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 A. Laubereau Nonlinear Transient Spectroscopy with Ultrahigh Time-Resolution Using Light Sources With Controlled Coherence ••••••••••••••••••• 75 T. Yajima and N. Morita Picosecond Modulation Spectroscopy in Sodium Vapor •••••••••••••••••••• 87 R. Beach, D. DeBeer, L.G. Van Wagenen, and S.R. Hartmann Modulated Pumping in Cs With Picosecond Pulse Trains ••••••••••••••••• 97 H. Lehmitz, W. Kattau and H. Harde Polarization Selective Detection of Hyperfine Quantum Beats in Cs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101 H. Lehmitz and H. Harde Observation of 517 GHz Fine Structure Quantum-Beats in Na ••••••••••••• 105 H: Burggraf, M. Kuckartz and H. Harde Measurement of First-Order Free-Induction-decay in Cs ••••••••••••••••• 109 H. Lehmitz and H. Harde Dynamics of Geminate Recombination in Excited State Proton Transfer Reactions ••••••.•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 113 D. Huppert and E. Pines Optical Properties and Applications of Reverse Saturable Absorber s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 117 Y.B. Band Extracavity Pulse Compressor and Intracavity Mode-Locking with Saturable and Reverse Saturable Absorbers ••••••••••••••.•• 123 Y.B. Band and R. Bavli Picosecond Photodynamics of the Excited States of Organic Compounds in Solution Using Time Resolved Spectroscopy ••••••••• 129 A. Declemy, C. Rulliere and Ph. Kottis STABLE LASERS And HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY Spectral Linewidth of Semiconductor Lasers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 133 J. Harrison and A. Mooradian Spectral and Dynamic Features of Quantum Well Semiconductor Lasers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 143 A. Yariv x Programmable, Secondary Frequency Standards Based Infrared Synthesizers for High Resolution Spectroscopy ••••••••••••••••••• 151 C. Freed The Hydrogen Atom in a New Light •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163 T.W. Hansch , R.G. Beausoleil, U. Boesl, B. Couillaud, C.J. Foot, E.A. Hildum and D.H. McIntyre Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy of Hertzian Resonances •••••••••••••••••• 175 J. Mlynek, E. Buhr and Chr. Tamm Laser Frequency Division and Stabilization •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187 R.G. DeVoe, C. Fabre and R.G. Brewer High Resolution Spectroscopy of Alkaline Earth Monohalides: Perturbation Analysis, Hyperfine Structure and Stark Effect •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 191 W.E. Ernst, J.O. Schroder and J. Kandler Pressure Broadening of Hyperfine Multiplets ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 201 N. Katzenellenbogen and Y. Prior NONLINEAR OPTICS AND COHERENT PHENOMENA Modified Optical Bloch Equations for Solids ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 205 P.R. Berman and R.G. Brewer CARS Spectroscopy of Transient Species •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 209 J.J. Valentini Engineering CARS for Combustion Diagnostic Applications ••••••••••••••• 223 A.C. Eckbreth Coherent Control of Direct and Resonant Unimolecular Reactions •.•••••..••••••.......•.•••••.••.••••••••••.•••••.•.••• 239 M. Shapiro and P. Brumer Stimulated Raman Scattering, Phase Modulation, and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering From Single Micrometer-Size Liquid Droplets .......•.........•.•..•.••....•...••............. 249 R.K. Chang, S.X. Qian and J. Eickmans A Few Recent Experiments on Surface Studies by Second Harmonic Generation •.•.•••.....•..••...••.••••••••••••..•••••••• 259 Y.R.Shen xi Spin-Spin Cross-Relaxation of Optically-Excited Rare-Earth Ions in Crystals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 267 F.W. Otto, F.X. D'Amato, M. Lukac and E.L. Hahn Nonlinear Optics in Resonant Gas Media: Four-Wave Mixing and Higher-Order Processes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 277 M. Ducloy Exact Semiclassical Solution for Four-Wave Mixing ••••••••••••••••••••• 289 W.M. Schreiber, N. Chencinski, A.M. Levine and A.N. Weiszmann Stochastic Fluctuations Induced Extra Resonances •••••••••••••••••••••• 295 Y. Prior and P.S. Stern Extra Resonances in Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Induced by Sequential Decay ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•• 301 A.D. Wilson-Gordon, H. Friedman and M. Rosenbluh The Extra resonant Origin of Gain Due to Stimulated Ray leigh Scattering............................................. 307 H. Friedmann and A.D. Wilson-Gordon Shapes and Widths of Stark Resonances in Sodium ••••••••••••••.•••••••• 313 J.-Y. Liu, P. McNicholl, J.lvri, T. Bergeman and H. Metcalf Off Resonant Laser Induced Ring Emission •••••••..••••••••••••••••••••• 317 I. Golub, G. Erez and R. Shuker Laser Induced Coherent Blue-Shifted Emission Near D1 Transition of Sodium •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 321 R. Shuker, I. Golub and G. Erez Laser Induced Stimulated Emission from Sodium Vapor ••••••••••••••••••• 325 Y. Shevy, M. Rosenbluh and H. Friedmann CARS Studies of Nonadiabatic Collision Processes •••••••••••••••••••••• 331 P. Hering, S.L. Cunha and K.L. Kompa Optical Bistability of Molecular Systems •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 335 M. Orenstein, J. Katriel and S. Speiser Electromagnetic Field Interaction with Fast-Moving Dipoles •••••••••••• 341 G. Kurizki, M. Strauss, J. Oreg and A. Ben-Reuven Generation and Importance of Linked and Irreducible Moment Diagrams in the Recursive Residue Generation Method ••••••••••••• 347 I. Schek and R.E. Wyatt xU LASER-MOLECULE INTERACTIONS Laser Stimulation and Observation of Elementary Reactions in the Gas Phase ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 353 J. Wolfrum UV Laser Ionization Spectroscopy and Ion Photochemistry ••••••••••••••• 367 M. Braun, J.Y. Fan, W. Fruss, K.L. Kompa, G. Muller' and W.E. Schmid Surface Effects in Vibrationally Excited Molecular Beam Scattering •••• 379 J. Misewich, P.A. Roland and M.M.T. Loy Perturbation Facilitated OODR Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the a3Lu+ State of Li2 and Na2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 389 S.F. Rice and R.W. Field The Cs(7P)+H2 Photochemical Reaction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 399 R. Vetter Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled Acetone •••••••••••••••••••••• 407 O. Anner, G.D. Greenblatt, Y. Haas and H. Zuckerman 2 Experimental Determination of the CI02-A~ ( A2)(0,0,0) Predissociation Lifetime •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 411 K.J. Brockmann and D. Haaks Laser Spectroscopy of Proton-Transfer in Microsolvent Clusters •••••••• 417 O. Cheshnovsky andS. Leutwyler Giant Intensity IR-Active Vibrations Photoinduced in Conducting Polymers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 421 E. Ehrenfreund, Z. Vardeny and O. Brafman Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Supersonic Jets ••••••• 425 N.P. Ernsting and A. Mordzinski Angular Momentum-Velocity Correlation of OCS Photodissociation Products. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • •• 429 G.E. Hall, N. Sivakumar, P.L. Houston and I. Burak Vibrational-Energy Redistribution in Highly Excited Molecules ••••••••• 435 G. Hose Recent Advances in Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer •••••••••• 439 S. Speiser xW

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