Methods of Laser Spectroscopy

481 Pages·1986·11.19 MB·English

by  C. Cohen-Tannoudji, J. Dalibard (auth.), Yehiam Prior, Abraham Ben-Reuven, Michael Rosenbluh (eds.)

METHODS OF
LASER SPECTROSCOPY
METHODS OF
LASER SPECTROSCOPY
Edited by
Yehiam Prior
The Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot, Israel
Abraham Ben-Reuven
Tel-Aviv University
Tel-Aviv, Israel
and
Michael Rosenbluh
Bar-Ilan University
Ramal-Can, Israel
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy (1985:
Weizmann Institute of Science and En Bokek, Israel)
Methods of laser spectroscopy.
"Proceedings of the Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser
Spectroscopy, held December 16-20, 1985, at the Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot, Israel, and Ein-Bokek, Dead Sea, Israel"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Laser spectroscopy-Congresses. 2. Nonlinear optics-Congresses. 3. Co
herence (Optics)-Congresses. I. Prior, Yehiam. II. Ben-Reuven, Abraham. III.
Rosenbluh, Michael. IV. Title.
QC454.L3F75 1985 621.36/6 86-12304
Proceedings of the Fritz Haber International Symposium on Methods of Laser
Spectroscopy, held December 16-20, 1985, at the Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, and Ein-Bokek, Dead Sea, Israel
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9461-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9459-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9459-8
FRITZ HABER SYMPOSIUM
ON
METHODS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY
December 16-20, 1985
ISRAEL
SPONSORED BY:
- Israel Academy of Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics
of the Hebrew University
- Tel-Aviv University
- Bar Ilan University
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
Yehiam Prior (Weizmann Institute of Science)(Chairman)
Abraham Ben-Reuven (Tel-Aviv University)
Yehuda Haas (Hebrew University)
Ron Naaman(Weizmann Institute of Science)
Michael Rosenbluh (Bar Ilan University)
Amnon Yogev (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Coordinator:
Yitzchak Berman (Weizmann Institute of Science)
The Organizing Committee acknowledges the
generous support of the Robert Bosch Stiftung,
Stuttgart, W.Germany for making this meeting
possible.
The Organizing Committee also expresses its
gratitude for the support from the following:
- Maurice & Gabriela Goldschleger Foundation
at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
- Spectra Physics (USA)
- Coherent Inc (USA)
- Lambda Physik (Germany)
1/
PREFACE
The Fritz Haber Symposium on Methods of Laser Spectroscopy was held in
Ein Bokek, Israel, on the shores of the Dead Sea, on December 16-20, 1985.
The location is the lowest place on earth, 392 meters below sea level. It
was hoped that 120 active laser scientists, so lowly trapped in such a
place, with the nearest entertainment 100 km away, will have no choice but
to discuss laser spectroscopy.
On the average, the Dead Sea area receives 3-4 days of rain each year,
and this year these days all occurred during the conference. This did not
mean the cancellation of the hikes, although the trip to Massada was
conducted in the rain. The unexpected rains also caused flash floods in
the area, and Ein Bokek was completely cut-off on Thursday night. The
archeologist scheduled to speak after dinner, and the belly dancer
scheduled to appear afterwards, (~ould not arrive, resulting in the only
serious deviation from the original plan.
The scientific program consisted of invited talks and contributed
posters. The emphasis in selection of invited speakers and topics was on
the methods rather than specific molecular systems, and an attempt was
made to allow ample time for discussion after each lecture. The same
philosophy guided us in editing this book, and authors were requested to
write manuscripts longer than usual for standard conference proceedings.
We wish to thank the other members of the organizing committee, Yehuda
Haas, Ron Naaman and Amnon Yogev for their efforts during the or~anization
stages. We are grateful to the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, West
Germany, for the generous support which made the meetin~ possible. We
also thank our sponsors, academic and corporate, for their interest and
support. Special thanks are due to Yitzchak Berman, the conference
coordinator. If one has to organize a conference, one cannot hope for a
better person to work with. We are grateful to Jacqueline Biran, Batya
Reindorf and Rama Avni who worked endlessly before, during and after the
conference to cover all aspects of the organization, and we thank Leo
Sapir for his skills in running the projection equipment and the emergency
~enerators during the power failure.
Although organizers are not supposed to enjoy a meeting they organize,
we nonetheless managed to do so, and this was possible only because of the
pleasant, cooperative atmosphere for which we thank all the participants.
February 1986 Yehiam Prior
Abraham Ben-Reuven
Michael Rosenbluh
vii
CONTENTS
FEW-ATOM LASER INTERACTIONS
New Theoretical Tools for Single Atom Laser Spectroscopy.............. 1
C. Cohen-TannoudJi and J. Dalibard
The One-Atom Maser and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics ••••••••••••••••• 11
G. Rempe and H. Walther
Rydberg Atoms and Radiation ••••••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25
S. Haroche
Laser Cooling and Magnetic Trapping of Neutral Atoms •••••••••••••••••• 33
H. Metcalf
Cooling and Trapping of Atoms with Laser Light •••••••••••••••••••••••• 41
S. Chu, J.E. Bjorkholm, A. Ashkin, L. Hollberg and A. Cable
TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY
Investigation of Nonthermal Population Distributions with
Femtosecond Optical Pulses .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51
C. V. Shank
Intra- and Intermolecular Energy Transfer of Large Molecules
in Solution After Picosecond Excitation •••.••••••••••••••••••••• 55
W. Kaiser and A. Seilmeier
New Techniques of Time-Resolved Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63
A. Laubereau
Nonlinear Transient Spectroscopy with Ultrahigh Time-Resolution
Using Light Sources With Controlled Coherence ••••••••••••••••••• 75
T. Yajima and N. Morita
Picosecond Modulation Spectroscopy in Sodium Vapor •••••••••••••••••••• 87
R. Beach, D. DeBeer, L.G. Van Wagenen, and S.R. Hartmann
Modulated Pumping in Cs With Picosecond Pulse Trains ••••••••••••••••• 97
H. Lehmitz, W. Kattau and H. Harde
Polarization Selective Detection of Hyperfine Quantum Beats
in Cs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101
H. Lehmitz and H. Harde
Observation of 517 GHz Fine Structure Quantum-Beats in Na ••••••••••••• 105
H: Burggraf, M. Kuckartz and H. Harde
Measurement of First-Order Free-Induction-decay in Cs ••••••••••••••••• 109
H. Lehmitz and H. Harde
Dynamics of Geminate Recombination in Excited State Proton
Transfer Reactions ••••••.•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 113
D. Huppert and E. Pines
Optical Properties and Applications of Reverse Saturable
Absorber s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 117
Y.B. Band
Extracavity Pulse Compressor and Intracavity Mode-Locking
with Saturable and Reverse Saturable Absorbers ••••••••••••••.•• 123
Y.B. Band and R. Bavli
Picosecond Photodynamics of the Excited States of Organic
Compounds in Solution Using Time Resolved Spectroscopy ••••••••• 129
A. Declemy, C. Rulliere and Ph. Kottis
STABLE LASERS And HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY
Spectral Linewidth of Semiconductor Lasers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 133
J. Harrison and A. Mooradian
Spectral and Dynamic Features of Quantum Well
Semiconductor Lasers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 143
A. Yariv
x
Programmable, Secondary Frequency Standards Based Infrared
Synthesizers for High Resolution Spectroscopy ••••••••••••••••••• 151
C. Freed
The Hydrogen Atom in a New Light •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163
T.W. Hansch , R.G. Beausoleil, U. Boesl, B. Couillaud,
C.J. Foot, E.A. Hildum and D.H. McIntyre
Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy of Hertzian Resonances •••••••••••••••••• 175
J. Mlynek, E. Buhr and Chr. Tamm
Laser Frequency Division and Stabilization •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187
R.G. DeVoe, C. Fabre and R.G. Brewer
High Resolution Spectroscopy of Alkaline Earth Monohalides:
Perturbation Analysis, Hyperfine Structure and
Stark Effect •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 191
W.E. Ernst, J.O. Schroder and J. Kandler
Pressure Broadening of Hyperfine Multiplets ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 201
N. Katzenellenbogen and Y. Prior
NONLINEAR OPTICS AND COHERENT PHENOMENA
Modified Optical Bloch Equations for Solids ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 205
P.R. Berman and R.G. Brewer
CARS Spectroscopy of Transient Species •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 209
J.J. Valentini
Engineering CARS for Combustion Diagnostic Applications ••••••••••••••• 223
A.C. Eckbreth
Coherent Control of Direct and Resonant Unimolecular
Reactions •.•••••..••••••.......•.•••••.••.••••••••••.•••••.•.••• 239
M. Shapiro and P. Brumer
Stimulated Raman Scattering, Phase Modulation, and Coherent
Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering From Single Micrometer-Size
Liquid Droplets .......•.........•.•..•.••....•...••............. 249
R.K. Chang, S.X. Qian and J. Eickmans
A Few Recent Experiments on Surface Studies by Second
Harmonic Generation •.•.•••.....•..••...••.••••••••••••..•••••••• 259
Y.R.Shen
xi
Spin-Spin Cross-Relaxation of Optically-Excited Rare-Earth
Ions in Crystals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 267
F.W. Otto, F.X. D'Amato, M. Lukac and E.L. Hahn
Nonlinear Optics in Resonant Gas Media: Four-Wave Mixing
and Higher-Order Processes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 277
M. Ducloy
Exact Semiclassical Solution for Four-Wave Mixing ••••••••••••••••••••• 289
W.M. Schreiber, N. Chencinski, A.M. Levine and A.N. Weiszmann
Stochastic Fluctuations Induced Extra Resonances •••••••••••••••••••••• 295
Y. Prior and P.S. Stern
Extra Resonances in Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Induced by
Sequential Decay ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•• 301
A.D. Wilson-Gordon, H. Friedman and M. Rosenbluh
The Extra resonant Origin of Gain Due to Stimulated
Ray leigh Scattering............................................. 307
H. Friedmann and A.D. Wilson-Gordon
Shapes and Widths of Stark Resonances in Sodium ••••••••••••••.•••••••• 313
J.-Y. Liu, P. McNicholl, J.lvri, T. Bergeman and H. Metcalf
Off Resonant Laser Induced Ring Emission •••••••..••••••••••••••••••••• 317
I. Golub, G. Erez and R. Shuker
Laser Induced Coherent Blue-Shifted Emission Near D1
Transition of Sodium •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 321
R. Shuker, I. Golub and G. Erez
Laser Induced Stimulated Emission from Sodium Vapor ••••••••••••••••••• 325
Y. Shevy, M. Rosenbluh and H. Friedmann
CARS Studies of Nonadiabatic Collision Processes •••••••••••••••••••••• 331
P. Hering, S.L. Cunha and K.L. Kompa
Optical Bistability of Molecular Systems •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 335
M. Orenstein, J. Katriel and S. Speiser
Electromagnetic Field Interaction with Fast-Moving Dipoles •••••••••••• 341
G. Kurizki, M. Strauss, J. Oreg and A. Ben-Reuven
Generation and Importance of Linked and Irreducible Moment
Diagrams in the Recursive Residue Generation Method ••••••••••••• 347
I. Schek and R.E. Wyatt
xU
LASER-MOLECULE INTERACTIONS
Laser Stimulation and Observation of Elementary Reactions in
the Gas Phase ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 353
J. Wolfrum
UV Laser Ionization Spectroscopy and Ion Photochemistry ••••••••••••••• 367
M. Braun, J.Y. Fan, W. Fruss, K.L. Kompa, G. Muller'
and W.E. Schmid
Surface Effects in Vibrationally Excited Molecular Beam Scattering •••• 379
J. Misewich, P.A. Roland and M.M.T. Loy
Perturbation Facilitated OODR Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy
of the a3Lu+ State of Li2 and Na2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 389
S.F. Rice and R.W. Field
The Cs(7P)+H2 Photochemical Reaction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 399
R. Vetter
Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled Acetone •••••••••••••••••••••• 407
O. Anner, G.D. Greenblatt, Y. Haas and H. Zuckerman
2
Experimental Determination of the CI02-A~ ( A2)(0,0,0)
Predissociation Lifetime •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 411
K.J. Brockmann and D. Haaks
Laser Spectroscopy of Proton-Transfer in Microsolvent Clusters •••••••• 417
O. Cheshnovsky andS. Leutwyler
Giant Intensity IR-Active Vibrations Photoinduced in Conducting
Polymers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 421
E. Ehrenfreund, Z. Vardeny and O. Brafman
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Supersonic Jets ••••••• 425
N.P. Ernsting and A. Mordzinski
Angular Momentum-Velocity Correlation of OCS Photodissociation
Products. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • •• 429
G.E. Hall, N. Sivakumar, P.L. Houston and I. Burak
Vibrational-Energy Redistribution in Highly Excited Molecules ••••••••• 435
G. Hose
Recent Advances in Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer •••••••••• 439
S. Speiser
xW