Table Of Content

M E T H O D S I N P H A R M A C O L O G Y A N D T O X I C O L O G Y MMeetthhooddss iinn BBiioollooggiiccaall OOxxiiddaattiivvee SSttrreessss EEddiitteedd bbyy KKeennnneetthh HHeennsslleeyy RRoobbeerrtt AA.. FFllooyydd Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Mannfred A. Hollinger, PhD SERIES EDITOR Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress edited by Kenneth Hensley and Robert A. Floyd, 2003 Apoptosis Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology: Approaches to Measurement and Quantification edited by Myrtle A. Davis, 2002 Ion Channel Localization: Methods and Protocols edited by Anatoli N. Lopatin and Colin G. Nichols, 2001 METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress Edited by Kenneth Hensley Robert A. Floyd Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, OK Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey © 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208 Totowa, NJ 07512 www.humanapress.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or other- wise without written permission from the Publisher. The content and opinions expressed in this book are the sole work of the authors and editors, who have warranted due diligence in the creation and issuance of their work. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences arising from the information or opinions presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to its contents. Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary. For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: 973-256-1699; Fax: 973-256- 8341; E-mail: [email protected] or visit our website: http://humanapress.com This publication is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $20.00 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Humana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: [0-89603-815-7/03 $20.00]. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Methods in biological oxidative stress / edited by Kenneth Hensley, Robert A. Floyd. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89603-815-7 (alk. paper); E-ISBN 1-59259-424-7 1 . Active oxygen in the body--Laboratory manuals. 2. Oxidation, Physiological--Laboratory manuals. 3. Stress (Physiology)--Laboratory manuals. I. Hensley, Kenneth. II. Floyd, Robert A., 1940- RB170 .M48 2003 616.07--dc21 2002033397 Foreword Oxidative damage appears to play a central role in the development of a wide range of tissue pathology, including neurodegenerative disease, drug side-effects, xenobiotic toxicity, carcinogenesis, and the aging process, to name just a few. Because of the centrality of oxidative processes to normal and abnormal tissue function, it has become imperative to develop appropriate analytical techniques to facilitate the quantitation of significant reactants. Without advances in methodology, corresponding advances in our knowledge of underlying biochemical events will be necessarily limited. Drs. Hensley and Floyd have done an outstanding job of assembling the work of world-class experts into Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress. The contributors have presented concise, yet thorough, descriptions of the state-of-the-art methods that any investigator working in the field needs to access. Mannfred A. Hollinger v Preface Free radicals and reactive oxidizing agents were once ignored as biochemical entities not worth close scrutiny, but are now recognized as causes or contributing factors in dozens, if not hundreds, of disease states. In addition, free radical metabolisms of xenobiotics have become increasingly important to pharmacologists. Accordingly, the need has arisen to accurately quantify reactive oxygen species and their byproducts. Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress is practical in scope, providing the details of up-to-date techniques for measuring oxidative stress and detecting oxidizing agents both in vitro and in vivo. The contributors are recognized experts in the field of oxidative stress who have developed novel strategies for studying biological oxidations. The chapters of Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress cover widely used standard laboratory techniques, often developed by the authors, as well as HPLC–electrochemical measurement of protein oxidation products, particularly nitrotyrosine and dityrosine, and HPLC–electrochemical detection of DNA oxidation products. Additionally, recently developed techniques are presented to measure lipid oxidation and nitration products such as 5-NO - 2 γ-tocopherol and isoprostanes, using HPLC-electrochemical/photodiode array methods and mass spectrometry as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. In scope, presentation, and authority therefore, Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress was designed to be an invaluable manual for clinical laboratories and teaching institutions now conducting routine measurements of biological oxidants and biological oxidative stress or implementing new programs in this vital area of research. As a reference work, this collection of techniques and methods will prove useful for many years to come. Kenneth Hensley Robert A. Floyd vii Contents Foreword.............................................................................................v Preface.............................................................................................. vii Contributors...................................................................................xiii PART I LIPIDS 1 Measurement of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Antioxidants by HPLC With Electrochemical Array Detection Paul H. Gamache, Paul A. Ullucci, Joe A. Archangelo, and Ian N. Acworth...................................................................... 3 2 Analysis of Aldehydic Markers of Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Tissues by HPLC With Fluorescence Detection Mark A. Lovell and William R. Markesbery............................. 17 3 Measurement of Isofurans by Gas Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Joshua P. Fessel and L. Jackson Roberts, II............................... 23 4 Analysis of F -Isoprostanes by Gas Chromatography–Mass 2 Spectrometry/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization L. Jackson Roberts, II and Jason D. Morrow............................. 33 5 Measurement of F -Neuroprostanes by Gas Chromatography– 4 Mass Spectrometry/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac and L. Jackson Roberts, II .............. 41 6 Immunoassays for Lipid Peroxidation End Products: One-Hour ELISA for Protein-Bound Acrolein and HNE Kimihiko Satoh and Koji Uchida ................................................ 49 7 Fluorometric and Colorimetric Assessment of Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Lipid Aldehydes in Biological Matrices Kelly S. Williamson, Kenneth Hensley, and Robert A. Floyd.... 57 8 HPLC With Electrochemical and Photodiode Array Detection Analysis of Tocopherol Oxidation and Nitration Products in Human Plasma Kelly S. Williamson, Kenneth Hensley, and Robert A. Floyd.... 67 ix