Methodological Issues in AIDS Behavioral Research (Aids Prevention and Mental Health)

375 Pages·1993·5.76 MB·English

by  David G. Ostrow

Methodological Issues in
AIDS Behavioral Research
AIDS Prevention and Mental Health
Series Editors:
David G. Ostrow, M.D., Ph.D. Jeffrey A. Kelly, Ph.D.
University of Michigan Medical College of Wisconsin
Ann Arbor, Michigan Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Methodological Issues in AIDS Behavioral Research
Edited by David G. Ostrow, M.D., Ph.D. and Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D.
Preventing AIDS: Theories and Methods of Behavioral Interventions
Edited by Ralph J. DiClemente, Ph.D. and John L. Peterson, Ph.D.
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each
new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further
information please contact the publisher.
Methodological Issues in
AIDS Behavioral Research
Edited by
David G. Ostrow, M.D., Ph.D.
and
Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D.
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
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Contributors
Diane Binson • Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medi-
cine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
Robert F. Boruch (cid:127) Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsyl-
vania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6216
Joseph A. Catania (cid:127) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
Robert T. Croyle(cid:127)Department ofPsychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112
Robyn M. Dawes (cid:127) Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Victor De Gruttola (cid:127) Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Dorothy De Moya (cid:127) Correctional Health Solutions, Chalfont, Pennsylvania
18914
Mindy Thompson Fullilove • HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies,
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027
Robert E. Fullilove, III (cid:127) HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies,
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027
Eve Golden (cid:127) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
Nicholas P. Jewell (cid:127) Program in Biostatistics and Department of Statistics,
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Graham Kalton (cid:127) Westat, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850-3129.
v
vi Contributors
John M. Karon (cid:127) Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
Ronald C. Kessler (cid:127) Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248
Elizabeth F. Loftus(cid:127) Department of Psychology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195
Karen Mast(cid:127) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
David G. Ostrow(cid:127) Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School
of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0704
Marcello Pagano (cid:127) Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Willo Pequegnat (cid:127) AIDS Research Program, National Institute of Mental
Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20857
Robert C. Pierce (cid:127) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
James M. Robins(cid:127) Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Stephen C. Shiboski(cid:127) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Uni-
versity of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0560
Howard C. Stevenson(cid:127) Graduate School of Education, University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6216
Carol Stocking(cid:127) Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60637
Ellen Stover(cid:127) AIDS Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health,
National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20857
Heather Turner (cid:127) Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of
Liberal Arts, Horton Social Sciences Center, University of New Hamp-
shire, Endura, New Hampshire 03824-3586
Richard A. Zeller(cid:127) Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State Univer-
sity, Bowling Green, Ohio43403
Series Preface
Wearepleasedtointroduceanewseries,AIDS PreventionandMental Health,
with the publication of this volume on methodology issues in AIDS mental
health research. The objective of the series is to publish high-quality and up-
to-datevolumesthat HIVpreventionandmentalhealthresearchers,clinicians,
policymakers, and educators will find useful and that will thus contribute
significantlytotheirworkintheseimportantareas. Whiletherehasbeen an
enormous increase in research on the prevention and mental health aspects
ofAIDS and HIV infection, there is no book series on AIDS with a prevention
or mental health focus. The creation of this series represents a high level of
commitment from the publisher, Plenum, and the series editors to this im-
portant area of scientific research. It is especially fitting that the series’ inaugural
volume focuses on methodological issues that are crucial to the future of HIV-
related mental health research.
TheAIDS Prevention andMental Health series comes at a pivotal time
in the history of the AIDS epidemic and the responses of mental and public
healthsystems. Forthepasttwoyears, wehavemet regularlywithMariclaire
Cloutier at Plenum to discuss the burgeoning interest among mental health
andpreventionprofessionals inAIDS andHIV,asevidencedby theresponse
to priorPlenum publications on thetopic. At the sametime, we have been
increasingly aware ofthe need to support and stimulate the authorship of
booksbyleadingauthoritiesinthisrapidlygrowingfieldthatgobeyondcol-
lectionsofarticlesbased on conferenceproceedingsandallowauthorsto lay
out a comprehensive view of their area of work and expertise. With the recent
explosion of research and applied work in the area of HIV/AIDS mental
health and prevention, we feel that it istime to create a book series that will
providetimely communication of emergingideas, practical experiences, and
science.
The series will focus primarily on books that address current issues in
HIV prevention and the psychological, psychiatric, andsocial aspects ofHIV/
AIDS. Volumes will reflect the highest scholarly standards while exploring
clinical applications of interest to a broad range of mental health, public
vii
viii SeriesPreface
health, and community professionals. Series topics include HIV prevention
approaches with various populations, including adolescents, gay men, women,
and the chronically mentally ill; assessment ofpsychiatric disorders in persons
with HIV/AIDS; psychotherapy and psychopharmacological interventions;
stress and coping issues; HIV research methodologies; support and prevention
of burn-out among caregivers; and bereavement issues. We hope that this
monograph on research methodological issues serves as a fitting inaugural
volume in the series and that future volumes will continue to meet the needs
of our target audiences.
David G. Ostrow
Jeffrey A. Kelly
Ann Arbor and Milwaukee
Preface
Any methodological review needs to successfully resolve the issues oftimeliness
and detail in order to maximize its relevancy and usefulness to the target
audience. When the subject is AIDS behavioral research, these problems are
accentuated by the rapid explosion of interest among scientists from many
different disciplines. We began to discuss the need for a systematic review of
the methodological problems confronting survey research efforts in AIDS
prevention and mental health in 1987; six years later we have this collection
of reviews as the concrete result of the process begun with the simple question:
How can quantitative behavioral research best contribute to the battle against
AIDS and its recently discovered etiologic agent, HIV? Our goals were to
produce a monograph that would be timely and useful to a broad audience
working in both research and prevention efforts; to present a selection of
methodological issues that would be of interest to both experienced and be-
ginning researchers; and to present examples that illustrate innovative meth-
odological approaches that would be relevant to persons working with the
diverse populations affected by the multiple epidemics of AIDS.
Ifwe have been successful in meeting the objectives of the AIDS Research
Methodology Project, it is due to the involvement of many colleagues and
associates who found the initial question of interest and contributed generously
to the Project. That list is extensive and at the risk of omitting someone due
to the passage of time, we wish to acknowledge those persons who helped
make this book a reality. First, our colleagues at the Institute for Social Re-
search and School of Public Health who participated in the Survey Research
Methodology Group (SRMG) of the Midwest AIDS Biobehavioral Research
Center: Charles Cannell, Robert Groves, Jill Joseph, James Koopman, Howard
Schuman, and Michael Trauggott. Meeting bimonthly between 1987 and
1990, the SRMG identified the initial set of critical survey research issues
facing the behavioral and mental health AIDS research communities. Those
meetings were enhanced by visits to the University of Michigan from colleagues
at other institutions, including John Gagnon from SUNY Stony Brook,
Edward Lauman and Stuart Michaels from the National Opinion Research
ix