Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 5th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, Amsterdam, 1997

234 Pages·1999·23.28 MB·English

by  Raymond W. Gibbs Jr.

METAPHOR IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND
HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
General Editor
E. F. KONRAD KOERNER
(University of Ottawa)
Series IV - CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY
Advisory Editorial Board
Raimo Anttila (Los Angeles); Lyle Campbell (Christchurch, N.Z.)
John E. Joseph (Edinburgh); Manfred krifka (Austin, Tex.)
Hans-Heinrich Lieb (Berlin); Ernst Pulgram (Ann Arbor, Mich.)
E. Wyn Roberts (Vancouver, B.C.); Hans-Jürgen Sasse (Köln)
Volume I73
Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. and Gerard J. Steen (eds)
Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics
Selected papers from the 5th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference,
Amsterdam, July ïggy
METAPHOR IN
COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL
COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE
Amsterdam, July 1997
Edited by
RAYMOND W. GIBBS, JR.
University of California, Santa Cruz
GERARD }. STEEN
Tilburg University Free University Amsterdam
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International Cognitive Linguistics Conference (5th : 1997 : Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Metaphor in cognitive lingusitics : selected papers from the fifth International Cognitive Linguistics
Conference, Amsterdam, UI / edited by Raymond W. Gibbs Jr., Gerard J. Steen.
p. cm. -- (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV,
Current issues in linguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763 ; v. 175)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
I. Metaphor Congresses. 2. Cognitive grammar Congresses. 3. Language and culture Congresses. I.
Gibbs, Raymonc V. II. Steen, Gerard. III. Title. IV. Series: Amsterdam studies in the theory and
history of linguistic science. Series IV. Current issues in linguistic theory ; v. I75.
P30I.5.M48I58 1999
4I5"dc2i 99-I55°8
ISBN 90 272 3681 X (Eur.) / I 556I9 892 2 (US) (Hb; alk. paper) CIP
© I999 - John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other
means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 75577 • I070 AN Amsterdam • The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 275I9 • Philadelphia PA I9118-0519 • USA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book contains a selection of specially revised and refereed papers originally
presented at the Fifth International Conference in Cognitive Linguistics,
Amsterdam 1997.
The chapter by Steen was not presented at the conference, and the chapter
by Grady, Oakley, and Coulson was specially commissioned for this volume.
The editors wish to thank the following colleagues who acted as anonymous
referees in the selection and editing process: Lynne Cameron, Herb Colston,
Jennifer Hamblin, Peter Harder, Lachlan Mackenzie, Teenie Matlock, Susanne
Niemeier, Jennifer O'Brien, Elena Semino, and Wilbert Spooren. Their help has
been essential.
The editors are also grateful to Gwen Perret of Tilburg University for her
expert assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
We would also like to thank Anke de Looper of John Benjamins for her
seeing the manuscript through the printing process.
Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr, University of California, Santa Cruz
Gerard Steen, Tilburg University and Free University Amsterdam

CONTENTS
Introduction
Gerard Steen and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr
Kant, Blumenberg, Weinrich: Some Forgotten Contributions
to the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor
Olaf Jäkel
Metaphorical Mappings in the Sense of Smell
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antñufiano
When a Bodily Source Domain Becomes Prominent: The Joy of
Counting Metaphors in the Socio-Economic Domain
Frank Boers
From Linguistic to Conceptual Metaphor in Five Steps
Gerard Steen
A Typology of Motivation for Conceptual Metaphor: Correlation
Resemblance
Joseph Grady
Blending and Metaphor
Joseph Grady, Todd Oakley, and Seana Coulson
Self and Agency in Religious Discourse: Perceptual Metaphors
for Knowledge at a Marian Apparition Site
Victor Balaban
Taking Metaphor Out Of our Heads and Putting It Into the
Cultural World
Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.
Metaphor: Does It Constitute or Reflect Cultural Models?
Zoltán Kövecses
Metaphors and Cultural Models as Profiles and Bases
Alan Cienki
Viii CONTENTS
Congruence by Degree: On the Relation between Metaphor
and Cultural Models
Michele Emanatian 205
Subject Index 219
Name Index 222
INTRODUCTION
GERARD STEEN & RAYMOND W. GIBBS, JR.
Tilburg University/Free University Amsterdam & University of California,
SantaCruz
Metaphor in cognitive linguistics is a two-way affair: it can go from linguistic
metaphor to conceptual metaphor, or from conceptual metaphor to linguistic
metaphor. For instance, cognitive linguists have used the abundant and systematic
presence of metaphors in language as a basis for postulating the existence of
conceptual metaphors, which illustrates the move from language to thought. Thus,
Lakoff & Johnson (1980:46ff.) have presented a whole series of conceptual
metaphors which capture our thinking about the nature of 'ideas':
IDEAS ARE FOOD
IDEAS ARE PEOPLE
IDEAS ARE PLANTS
IDEAS ARE PRODUCTS
IDEAS ARE COMMODITIES
IDEAS ARE RESOURCES
IDEAS ARE MONEY
IDEAS ARE CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
IDEAS ARE FASHIONS
These are conceptual metaphors to the extent that they are abstractions of the ideas
lying behind the common usage of such expressions as the following:
IDEAS ARE MONEY
Let me put in my two cents' worth. He's rich in ideas. That book is a treasure
trove of ideas. He has a wealth of ideas.
Conventional linguistic metaphors reflect pervasive conceptual metaphors and are
perhaps the best source for discovering these metaphoric schemes of thought.
However, the very fact that there are diverging conceptual metaphors for the
same concept may also be used to explain some facts about language. Thus, Gibbs
compared people's responses to idiomatic phrases, such as "John blew his stack"
or "John bit her head off," that arise from different conceptual metaphors for