Table Of Content

Routledge Studies in Religion METAMORPHOSES OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Edited by Sławomir H. Zaręba, Maria Sroczyńska, Roberto Cipriani, Marcin Choczyński, and Wojciech Klimski Metamorphoses of Religion and Spirituality in Central and Eastern Europe This book offers a range of contemporary sociological reflections on new manifestations of religion, religiosity, and spirituality in Central and Eastern Europe, a region that has seen significant social and political transformation. It explores the development of cultural and religious trends, including secularisation, new spirituality, and a resurgence of religiosity outside of traditional structures. The theoretical and empirical contributions by established and emerging scholars address topics including: the experiences and values of young people; the role and influence of media; the relationship between public and private religion; and the position of the state and institutions. The book will be of particular interest to sociologists of religion and others focused on contemporary Central and Eastern European societies. Sławomir H. Zaręba is a professor and head of the Department of Sociology of Religion at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland. Maria Sroczyńska is an associate professor at the Institute of Sociological Sciences at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland. Roberto Cipriani is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Roma Tre University, Italy. Marcin Choczyński is an assistant professor at the Institute of Sociological Sciences at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland. Wojciech Klimski is an assistant professor at the Department of Sociology of Religion at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland. Routledge Studies in Religion An Anthropology of the Qur’an Ahmed Achrati Contrasts in Religion, Community, and Structure at Three Homeless Shelters Changing Lives Ines W. Jindra, Michael Jindra and Sarah DeGenero Enhancement Fit for Humanity Perspectives on Emerging Technologies Michael Baggot Catholic Peacebuilding and Mining Integral Peace, Development, and Ecology Edited by Caesar A. Montevecchio and Gerard F. Powers Religion, Discourse, and Society Towards a Discursive Sociology of Religion Marcus Moberg Religious and Non-Religious Perspectives on Happiness and Wellbeing Edited by Sharada Sugirtharajah Begging, Street Politics, and Power The Religious and Secular Regulation of Begging in India and Pakistan Sheba Saeed Metamorphoses of Religion and Spirituality in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Sławomir H. Zaręba, Maria Sroczyńska, Roberto Cipriani, Marcin Choczyński, and Wojciech Klimski For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge. com/religion/series/SE0669 Metamorphoses of Religion and Spirituality in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Sławomir H. Zaręba, Maria Sroczyń ska, Roberto Cipriani, Marcin Choczyń ski, and Wojciech Klimski First published 2022 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Sławomir H. Zaręba, Maria Sroczyńska, Roberto Cipriani, Marcin Choczyński, and Wojciech Klimski; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Sławomir H. Zaręba, Maria Sroczyńska, Roberto Cipriani, Marcin Choczyński, and Wojciech Klimski to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-1-032-19745-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-22302-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-27199-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003271994 Typeset in Sabon by MPS Limited, Dehradun Contents List of illustrations viii List of contributors x Transmutation of spiritual and religious mentality: introduction 1 SŁAWOMIR H. ZARĘBA, MARIA SROCZYŃ SKA, ROBERTO CIPRIANI, MARCIN CHOCZYŃ SKI, AND WOJCIECH KLIMSKI PART I The metatoretical dimension of social and religious metamorphoses 15 1 Cultural sociology of religion in the perspective of comparative religion 17 ANDRZEJ WÓJTOWICZ 2 The concept of public religion in the context of the development of the sociology of religion: the perspective of Central and Eastern Europe 33 IRENA BOROWIK 3 Spirituality vs. religiosity as impetus to the discussion on the change factors in the contemporary sociology of religion 46 SŁAWOMIR H. ZARĘBA 4 Modern directions of development of religion and spirituality: an attempt at systematisation 55 AGNIESZKA ZDUNIAK vi Contents 5 New spirituality as a social and cultural megatrend 66 JANUSZ MARIAŃ SKI 6 Metamorphoses of religiosity in Poland: post-modern spirituality or religious morality? 77 HALINA MIELICKA-PAWŁOWSKA 7 “The Miracle of Mindfulness”: between the discovery of the sacred in everyday life and secularization of the practice of meditation 90 ANDRZEJ KASPEREK PART II Transformations of religiosity and spirituality in a society at risk – an attempt at diagnosis 103 8 Religiosity of the Polish intelligentsia at the beginning of the twenty-first century 105 WOJCIECH KLIMSKI 9 The sacred and the young: theoretical and empirical inspirations 129 MARIA SROCZYŃ SKA 10 The spectre of secularisation: against equating church indifference with religious indifference 143 EGON SPIEGEL 11 Spiritual values of university students in contemporary Ukrainian society: a sociological discourse 159 YURIY PACHKOVSKYY 12 Contemporary religiosity in practice: experiencing religion 175 STELLA GROTOWSKA 13 Religious experience as a dimension of religiosity: Polish youth in the world of experience 188 REMIGIUSZ SZAUER 14 The attitude towards Jehovah’s Witnesses in Poland in the light of innovation and religious selectivity 202 MARCIN CHOCZYŃ SKI Contents vii 15 From orality to the Internet: transformations of religious communication in Polish miracular communities 217 MACIEJ KRZYWOSZ 16 A scapegoat or a modern devil? The analysis of Catholic press discourse on “gender” and “genderists” (on the examples of “Niedziela” and “Tygodnik Powszechny” weeklies) 231 BARBARA OBER-DOMAGALSKA 17 #witchesofinstagram: How does social media spread spirituality, witchcraft, and pagan movements? 248 MARTA R. JABŁOŃ SKA Index 265 Illustrations Figures 4.1 Dimensions of relations in religion (source: own analysis) 56 4.2 Institutional religion and its impact on relational dimensions (source: own analysis) 57 4.3 De-institutionalisation of religion and its consequences (source: own analysis) 59 11.1 Theoretical planes – dimensions of the analysis of the category “spiritual values” 164 11.2 Orientation of Ukrainian students (source: Acronyms: UL – Ivan Franko National University of Lviv; PL – Lviv Polytechnic National University; UKU – Ukrainian Catholic University) 170 16.1 Distribution of articles on gender in “Niedziela” and “Tygodnik Powszechny” 237 17.1 Social media reach graph for #witchesonstagram hashtags group (own evaluation using brand24) 254 17.2 Social media reach graph for #witchaesthetic hashtags group (own evaluation using brand24) 255 17.3 Social media reach graph for #Yule hashtags group (own evaluation using brand24) 256 17.4 Context of discussion for group 1 #witchesofinstagram (own evaluation using brand24) 258 17.5 Context of discussion for group 2 #witchaesthetic (own evaluation using brand24) 258 17.6 Context of discussion for group 3 #Yule (own evaluation using brand24) 259 Tables 8.1 The intelligentsia’s attitude to faith, religious practices and teaching of the Church between 2008 and 2018 (in %). Source: Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) 114 Illustrations ix 8.2 Participation of the intelligentsia in religious practices and prayer between 2008 and 2018 (in %). Source: Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) 116 8.3 Opinions of the intelligentsia on the relationship between religion and morality between 2008 and 2016 (in %). Source: Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) 118 8.4 Opinions of the intelligentsia on moral norms and values to be taught under state-school education, gathered in 2013 and 2016 (in %). Source: Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) 121 10.1 Sunday practice: the students of Catholic Theology at the University of Vechta in Germany 150 11.1 Factors affecting the development of the students’ spiritual values in contemporary Ukrainian society 169 17.1 Most active locations for Group 1 #witchesofinstagram 257 17.2 Most active locations for Group 2 #witchaesthetic 257 17.3 Most active locations for Group 3 #Yule 257 17.4 Definitions and descriptions of witch and witchcraft from Instagram accounts 259 17.5 Instagram accounts related to Wicca, witchcraft, business approach (N = 237) 261