Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates PDF
Preview Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates
Main site; ROBERT SCOTT LIBRARY, St. Peter's Sq., Wolverhampton WV1 1R H Tel: 27371 (27375 after 5 p.m.) Please RETURN this item on or before the last date shown above METALLURGICAL EFFECTS AT HIGH STRAIN RATES The Metallurgical Society of AIME Proceedings published by Plenum Press 1968-Refractory Metal Alloys: Metallurgy and Technology Edited by I. Machlin, R. T. Begley, and E. D. Weisert 1969-Research in Dental and Medical Materials Edited by Edward Korostoff 1969-Developments in the Structural Chemistry of Alloy Phases Edited by B. C. Giessen 1970-Corrosion by Liquid Metals Edited by J. E. Draley and J. R. Weeks 1971-Metal Forming: Interaction Between Theory and Practice Edited by A. L. Hoffmanner 1973-Titanium Science and Technology ( 4 Volumes) Edited by R. I. Jaffee and H. M. Burte 1973-Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates Edited by R. W. Rohde, B. M. Butcher, J. R. Holland, and C. H. Karnes • ~1fY0f~~ A Publication of The Metallurgical Society of A/ME METALLURGICAL EFFECTS AT HIGH STRAIN RATES Edited by R. W.ROHDE B. M. BUTCHER J. R. HOLLAND C.H.KARNES Sandia Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK-LONDON • 1973 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Metallurgical effects at high strain rates. "Sponsored by: Sandia Laboratories and the Physical Metallurgy Committee of the Metallurgical Society of AIME. [Held in] Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 5-8, 1973." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Physical metallurgy-Congresses. 2. Dislocations in metals-Congresses. 3. Strains and stresses-Congresses. 4. Shock (Mechanics)-Congresses. I. Rohde, R. W., ed. II. Sandia Laboratories. III. Metallurgical Society of AIME. Institute of Metals Division. Physical Metallurgy Committee. TN689.2.M45 620.1'6'3 73-10497 ISBN 978-1-4615-8698-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-8696-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-8696-8 Proceedings of a technical conference sponsored by Sandia Laboratories and The Physical Metallurgy Committee of The Metallurgical Society of AIME and held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 5-8, 1973 © 1973 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1973 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWI0 6SE, England All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher PREFACE A conference on Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates was held at Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 5 through 8, 1973, under joint sponsorship of Sandia Laboratories and the Physical Metallurgy Committee of The Metallurgical Society of AIME. This book presents the written proceedings of the meeting. The purpose of the conference was to gather scientists from diverse disciplines and stimulate interdisciplinary discussions on key areas of materials response at high strain rates. In this spirit, it was similar to one of the first highly successful con ferences on this subject held in 1960, in Estes Park, Colorado, on The Response of Metals to High Velocity Deformation. The 1973 conference was able to demonstrate rather directly the increased understanding of high strain rate effects in metals that has evolved over a period of roughly 12 years. In keeping with the interdisciplinary nature of the meeting, the first day was devoted to a tutorial session of invited papers to provide attendees of diverse backgrounds with a common basis of understanding. Sessions were then held with themes centered around key areas of the high strain rate behavior of metals. Most sessions were introduced by an invited lecturer with sub- V vi PREFACE sequent papers accepted from submitted abstracts. Invited papers are designated in the Table of Contents. Conferees were encour aged to submit written discussion of the papers, and a few dis cussions were formally presented at the meeting. These discussions and the author's replys are included in the volume and are so designated in the Table of Contents. The papers in the conference proceedings have been reproduced from camera ready copy prepared by the authors. As is customary in such cases, the manuscripts underwent no further editing after acceptance for these proceedings. The editors have relied pri marily upon submitted discussions to point out any ambiguities in the manuscripts. Thanks are due to the session chairman, the authors, invited lecturers and participants for their contributions to the con ference. Acknowledgment is due to the many people somewhat behind the scenes who contributed in innumerable ways to the success of this conference. The efforts of G. A. Alers, North American Rockwell, J. C. Swearengen and T. V. Nordstrom of Sandia Laboratories, and L. E. Pope formerly of Sandia Laboratories are particularly appreciated. We also extend our grateful acknowledg ment to Mrs. Wanda Maes who served as conference secretary. The Organizing Committee R. W. Rohde B. M. Butcher J. R. Holland C. H. Karnes CONTENTS Introduction, G. E. Duvall (Invited) . 1 SESSION A TUTORIAL PAPERS Chairman: G. E. Duvall Shock Wave Physics .... 15 G. R. FOWLES (Invited) Shock Wave Mechanics . . . . 33 O. E. JONES (Invited) Numerical Analysis Methods ........ . 57 W. HERRMANN AND D. L. HICKS (Invited) Continuum Plasticity in Relation To Microscale Deformation Mechanisms . . . . . . . 93 J. R. RICE (Invited) Experimental Methods in Shock Wave Physics . . . . . . . .. 107 J. W. TAYLOR (Invited) Metallurgical Effects of High Energy Rate Forming 129 R. N. ORAVA (Invited) A Practical Guide To Accurate Gruneisen Equations of State . . . . . ........ . 157 D. J. 0' KEEFFE AND D. J. PASTINE SESSION B PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Chairman: R. A. Graham Relation Between Dynamic and Static Phase Transformation Studies ...... . 171 W. J. CARTER (Invited) vii viii CONTENTS Characteristics of the Shock Induced Transformation in BaF2 . . . . . . . . ......... . 185 D. P. DANDEKAR AND G. E. DUVALL A Theory of the 0'- E Transition in Fe and of Possible Higher Pressure Transitions in Fe and in the Lighter Elements of the First Transition Series . . • . . • . 201 D. J. PASTlNE Presented Discussion 223 L. M. BARKER Remanent Magnetization and Structural Effects Due to Shock In Natural and Man-Made Iron-Nickel Alloys 225 P. J. WASILEWSKI AND A. S. DOAN, JR. Presented Discussion: Shock Induced Melt Transitions in Aluminum and Bismuth . . . 247 J. R. ASAY Discussion: Rapid Melting of Aluminum Induced by Pulsed Electron Beam Exposure 251 F. B. MCLEAN, R. B. OSWALD, JR., D. R. SCHALLHORN AND T. R. OLDHAM SESSION C DISLOCATION DRAG MECHANISMS Chairman: G. A. Alers Microscopic Mechanisms of Dislocation Drag . 255 A. V. GRANATO (Invited) Discussion . . • 274 F. A. MCCLINTOCK Discussion. . ..• 274 T. VREELAND, JR. AND K. M. JASSBY Author's Reply. 275 Experimental Measurement of the Drag Coefficient 277 T. VREELAND, JR. AND K. M. JASSBY (Invited) Discussion . 285 F. A. MCCLINTOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Author's Rep ly . 285 CONTENTS ix The Role of Dislocation Drag in Shock Waves 287 P. P. GILLIS AND J. M. KELLY (Invited) Discussion • 309 T. VREELAND, JR. AND K. M. JASSBY Discussion . 309 F. A. MCCLINTOCK Author's Reply. 310 Plastic Deformation at Low Temperatures and Drag Mechanisms . . . . . • . . . . 311 J. M. GALLIGAN AND M. SUENAGA (Invited) SESSION D DISLOCATION DYNAMICS Chairman: T. Vreeland, Jr. Dislocation Mechanics at High Strain Rates . . . . 319 J. WEERTMAN (Invited) Discussion . . . . . 333 T. VREELAND, JR. AND K. M. JASSBY A Microdynamical Approach to Constitutive Modeling of Shock-Induced Deformation . . . . . . . . . . . 335 H. E. READ Wave Propagation in Beryllium Single Crystals 349 L. E. POPE AND A. L. STEVENS Shock-Induced Dynamic Yielding in Lithium Fluoride Single Crystals . • . . . • . . . . . • • . . . 367 Y. M. GUPTA AND G. R FOWLES Effects of Microstructure and Temperature on Dynamic Deformation of Single Crystal Zinc 379 P. L. STUDT, E. NIDICK, F. URIBE AND A. K. MUKHERJEE Discussion . 399 C. H. KARNES Author's Reply 400
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