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Metal Matrix Composites Metal Matrix Composites Properties and Applications (Vol. 2) Edited by Suneev Anil Bansal Virat Khanna Pallav Gupta First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Suneev Anil Bansal, Virat Khanna, and Pallav Gupta; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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ISBN: 978-1-032-04857-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-04859-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-19491-0 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003194910 Typeset in Times by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive) Contents Preface .................................................................................................................vii Editors ..................................................................................................................ix Contributors .........................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 Materials System for Functional Properties of Metal Matrix Composites: Self-Lubricating, Anti-Wear, and Self-Cleaning Properties ................................................................1 Satnam Singh, Sarbjeet Kaushal and Michele Forzan Chapter 2 The Progressive Development of Metal Matrix Composites: From Alloy to Hybrid Composites – A Review ...........................27 Harpreet Singh, Kamaljit Singh Sokhal, Gurpreet Singh Sokhal, Gurmail Singh Malhi and Gurprinder Singh Dhindsa Chapter 3 Corrosion Behavior of Metal, Alloy, and Composite: An Overview ................................................................................57 Santosh Kumar and Swarn Singh Chapter 4 Characterization and Applications of Fe/Cu/Mg/Al Based Metal Matrix Composites .................................................83 Naseem Ahamad, Aas Mohammad and Moti Lal Rinawa Chapter 5 Graphene/Metal Matrix Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties ................................................109 Papiya Bhowmik and Gaurav Arora Chapter 6 Fracture Process in Micro Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites ................................................................................149 Abhijeet Singh, Pardeep Bishnoi and Jeeva Chithambaram Chapter 7 Basics of Metal Matrix Composites and Their Application in Transistor Electronics ............................................................181 Anand Sharma, Triloki, Sanjeet Kumar and Vishwas Acharya v vi Contents Chapter 8 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites in Aircraft Engine and Space Applications: The Need of the Hour – A Review............203 Kumar Harshit, Pulkit Garg and Pallav Gupta Chapter 9 Lubricated Tribology of Lightweight MMCs: Recent and Future Perspectives of AMMCs .................................................233 Harpreet Singh and Hiralal Bhowmick Index .................................................................................................................275 Preface This edited book entitled Metal Matrix Composite: Properties and Applications is the second volume in continuation to our first that provides in-depth concepts of metal matrix composites starting from Properties and ending at Applications. The first volume of this book has explained the basics of composites using case studies mainly based on aluminum and copper composites. This book will provide insight into metal matrix composites, and their industrial applications citing examples and illustrations. Different perceptions were made for nanocomposite materials and this book will help in understanding the basics and properties. Manufacturers are directly linked with fabrication and designing processes that require the finer details of wear resistance and corrosion. Here, lubrication plays the most impor- tant role and hence, one complete chapter is dedicated to this subject. Differences between alloys and composites, and hybrid composites have also been illustrated. Failure mechanism and crack development processes that help in knowing the life cycle of metal matrix composite also help manufacturers and designers to assess the component. Scholars opting to work in this field should have complete knowl- edge of the fabrication process and properties/characteristics related to MMCs. Both volumes will offer support and know-how in this area, and with the aim of guiding readers with an aim of creating the lowest cost, highest profit, and better- quality product. A total of nine chapters have been incorporated into the present volume. Chapter 1 explains the performance of conventional materials as compared to metal matrix composites when compared for self-lubricating properties and wear resistance. Parameters like manufacturing routes and types of reinforcement are also discussed. Chapter 2 discusses the progressive development of material from alloy to metal matrix composite and then to hybrid composite. The progression starts from the selection of material based on application and lasts until it finally gets deteriorated. Chapter 3 includes an overview of corrosion-related properties of metals, alloys, and composites in comparison. Varied applications were discussed and systematic illustrations are presented. Chapter 4 lists the details of metal matrix composites and the effect of different reinforcements being added. Various testing techniques and their applications have also been discussed. It also included corrosion tests and tensile tests. Chapter 5 details the methodology followed for the preparation of graphene- based nanocomposite materials and hence the evaluation of its mechanical properties. Chapter 6 concludes with the concepts of fracture mechanism and failure mechanism. Physical and Mechanical properties were mainly dependent on the base metal and type of reinforcements being added. vii viii Preface Chapter 7 includes the literature and case studies of metal matrix composites being used for electronic transistors in the aerospace industry and for military equipment. Discussion on aluminum and titanium alloys has also been carried out in the present chapter as well. Chapter 8 includes the details of elements used in aerospace and spacecraft that are assessed for various nuclear tests and UV radiations. Tribological properties are also studied and concluded through experimental results. Chapter 9 concludes the book by explaining the future perspective of composites and their service life cycle. Comprehensive studies have been revealed and wear mechanism, corrosion/erosion have been discussed under the section of tribology. All possible effort has been put in by the Editors for selecting the titles for both the volumes of the present book. Overlapping of topics and ideas has been omitted up to maximum possible level. All the three Editors are thankful to almighty God. Apart from this Dr. Suneev Anil Bansal and Dr. Virat Khanna are also thankful to their family members for the support extended during the time of editing of this book. Dr. Pallav Gupta is also thankful to his mother (Beena Gupta), wife (Dr. Ritu Agrahari) and son (Saahas Gupta) for the encouragement as well as support extended during the entire duration of editing this book. Dr. Pallav Gupta also would like to extend his heartfelt gratitude to Mr. S. M. Prasad, Joint Director, Council of Science and Technology, Lucknow for the moti- vation provided during the time of editing of this book. We are also thankful to all our contributors who submitted their chapters in both the volumes of the book. We are also thankful to Dr. Gagandeep Singh and Ms. Aditi Mittal along with their entire team of CRC Press (Taylor and Francis Group) for helping us in each and every step of compiling this book. Dr. Suneev Anil Bansal Dr. Virat Khanna Dr. Pallav Gupta Editors Dr. Suneev Anil Bansal has more than 15 years of diverse experience in industry, research labora- tories, and academia. He has served in various key positions in key projects like automobile development at Hero Motor Corp., fighter aircraft development at DRDO, and nanomaterials and manufacturing development at various universities. His research interest is in the fields of micro/nano- manufacturing, materials, 2D materials, graphene, polymer/metal composite materials, sensing, etc. He has published more than 50 research papers, holds 1 patent, and has served as a subject expert for more than 40 SCIE/ SCOPUS journals. Dr. Virat Khanna is an Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Maharaja Agrasen University, HP, India and has 11 years of teaching experience. He holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Maharaja Agrasen University, HP, India. He completed his M.Tech in Mechanical Engineering in 2013 and B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering in 2008 from I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India. His areas of research are aluminum metal matrix nanocomposite (Graphene, CNT, processing techniques, optimization, and mathematical modeling techniques). He has published and presented more than 18 papers in journals and conferences of national and international repute. He has authored one book named Steady State Creep in Rotating Thick-Walled Composite Cylinders with Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany (ISBN: 978-3-659-71203-6). He is also the editor of Emerging and Futuristic Trends in Engineering and Technology (ISBN: 978-93-82068-14-3). ix