Metabolism of Human Diseases: Organ Physiology and Pathophysiology

382 Pages·2014·15.854 MB·English

by  Eckhard Lammert, Martin Zeeb (eds.)

Eckhard Lammert
Martin Zeeb Editors
Metabolism of
Human Diseases
Organ Physiology and Pathophysiology
Metabolism of Human Diseases

Eckhard Lammert (cid:129) Martin Zeeb

Editors
Metabolism of Human
Diseases
Organ Physiology
and Pathophysiology
Editors
Eckhard Lammert Martin Zeeb
Department of Biology CardioMetabolic Diseases Research
Institute of Metabolic Physiology Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma
German Diabetes Center GmbH & Co KG
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Biberach
Düsseldorf Germany
Germany
ISBN 978-3-7091-0714-0 ISBN 978-3-7091-0715-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0715-7
Springer Wien Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014940716
© Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way,
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this
legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material
supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for
exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is
permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its
current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for
use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable
to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility
for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or
implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Martin Zeeb and Eckhard Lammert
Part I Brain
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lorraine V. Kalia
Major Depressive Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Donatella Marazziti, Grazia Rutigliano, Stefano Baroni,
and Liliana Dell’Osso
Schizophrenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Peter F. Buckley and Adriana Foster
Epilepsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Wesley Plinke and Detlev Boison
Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Giulia Ambrosi, Silvia Cerri, and Fabio Blandini
Alzheimer’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Milos D. Ikonomovic and Steven T. DeKosky
Migraine and Cluster Headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Massimo Leone and Paola Di Fiore
Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Markus Kipp
Down Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Maria D. Torres and Jorge Busciglio
Part II Eye
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Anja Mataruga and Frank Müller
Age-Related Macular Degeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Monika Fleckenstein and Frank G. Holz
v
vi Contents
Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Samuel D. Crish and Christine M. Dengler-Crish
Part III Teeth and Bones
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Kazuhiko Kawasaki and Kenneth M. Weiss
Dental Caries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Colin Robinson
Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Emmanuel Biver and René Rizzoli
Part IV Joints
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Jessica Bertrand and Jan Hubert
Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Camille Roubille, Johanne Martel-Pelletier,
and Jean-Pierre Pelletier
Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Marianna Meroni, Elena Bernero, and Maurizio Cutolo
Part V Gastrointestinal Tract
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Satish Keshav and Philip Allan
Peptic Ulcer Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Peter C. Konturek and Stanislaw J. Konturek
Gastroenteritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Christina Quigley and Xi Jiang
Lactose Intolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Anthony K. Campbell and Stephanie B. Matthews
Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Kishore Vipperla and Stephen J. O’Keefe
Part VI Pancreas
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Alexandra E. Folias and Matthias Hebrok
Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Alena Welters and Eckhard Lammert
Contents vii
Part VII Liver
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Dieter Häussinger
Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Matteo Rosselli and Massimo Pinzani
Part VIII Fat Tissue
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Gabriele Schoiswohl, Jules Aljammal, and Erin E. Kershaw
Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Kana Inoue, Norikazu Maeda, and Tohru Funahashi
Part IX Lung
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Martin Zeeb, Andreas Schnapp, and Michael-Paul Pieper
Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Kenji Izuhara, Shoichi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Arima, Shoichiro Ohta,
Masako Inamitsu, and Ken-ichi Yamamoto
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Irena Konstantinova and Andrew C. Pearce
Community-Acquired Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Salvador Sialer, Leonardo F. Difrancesco, Teresa Foix Fabregas,
and Antoni Torres
Part X Heart
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Axel Gödecke
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Massimo Slavich and Juan Carlos Kaski
Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Roman Pfi ster and Erland Erdmann
Part XI Blood Vessels
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh, Rick Meijer, and Etto C. Eringa
Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Dwi Setyowati Karolina and Kandiah Jeyaseelan
viii Contents
Varicose Veins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Rishi Mandavia, Muzaffar A. Anwar, and Alun H. Davies
Part XII Blood
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Deena Iskander and Barbara J. Bain
Sickle Cell Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Daniel A. Dworkis and Martin H. Steinberg
Hyperlipidemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Paul Durrington and Handrean Soran
Part XIII Immune System
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Christian Münz
Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Bruno Conti and Tamas Bartfai
Sepsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Jean-Charles Preiser and Jean-Louis Vincent
Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Norbert Meyer and James Yun
Part XIV Kidney
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Markus M. Rinschen, Linus A. Völker,
and Paul T. Brinkkötter
Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Colleen Flynn and George L. Bakris
Chronic Kidney Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Golaun Odabaei, George A. Kaysen, and Shubha Ananthakrishnan
Gout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Sonia Nasi and Alexander So
Urinary Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Matt S. Conover, Michael E. Hibbing, and Scott J. Hultgren
Kidney Stones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Andreas Neisius and Glenn M. Preminger
Contents ix
Part XV Reproductive System
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Danny J. Schust and Donald R. Gullicks
Breast Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Tanja Fehm and Eugen Ruckhäberle
Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Rahul Aggarwal and Eric Small
Part XVI Cancer
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Zachary E. Stine and Chi V. Dang
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401