Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals Part 1: Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators PDF
Preview Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals Part 1: Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators
Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals Part 1: Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals Part 1: Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators Editor-in-Chief Terry R. Roberts JSC International Ltd., Harrogate, UK Contributing Editors David H. Hutson Consultant, UK Philip W. Lee E I Du Pont de Nemours G, Co., USA Peter H. Nicholls IACR-R othams ted Experimental Stat ion , UK Jack R. Plimmer Consultant, USA THE ROYAL lnformati on Services ISBN 0-85404-494-9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 0T he Royal Society of Chemistry 1998 All rights reserved. Apartfiom any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review as permitted under the terms of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Royal Society of Chemist y,o r in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK,o r in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to The Royal Society of Chemist y at the address printed on this page. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 4WF, UK For further information see our web site at www.rsc.org Typeset by Refinecatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd. Preface Information on the degradation and metabolism of agrochemicals has been developed over more than 40 years for a variety of reasons. During this time chemists and biochemists have devoted their skills to the iso- lation and identification of transformation products in a wide variety of matrices, employing new technology as it emerges. Whereas co- chromatography with an authentic standard was perfectly acceptable as a means of identification in the early days of the science, nowadays, mass spectrometry in its many forms is the norm. A knowledge of the metabol- ism of herbicides in plants often provides an insight into selectivity and mode of action which is invaluable to biochemists and to synthesis chemists, leading to the development of new molecules with improved properties. Metabolism of insecticides and other agrochemicals in animals frequently sheds light on mechanisms of toxicology. Within environmental risk assessment, chemical and biological degradation processes will largely govern environmental fate. Within the past 10-20 years, there is no doubt that the major impetus for generating metabolism data has been for regulatory purposes. The data requirements for registration of agrochemicals have increased steadily over the years, especially for environmental risk assessments. As a result, determining the environmental fate of a pesticide is fundamental and now one of the first considerations in the commercialisation of a new product. Despite this wide ranging interest, it is surprising that there is currently no comprehensive review or reference book that brings together the avail- able data on chemical degradation processes and metabolic pathways in soils, plants and animals. This Metabolic Pathways reference book is therefore designed to fill this need. In compiling the data for publication the editors are well aware that there is more, unpublished scientific information on metabolism of agrochemicals. We would welcome any additional data for inclusion in future updates of the book. Now that Part 1 on Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators is com- plete, I would like to express my great thanks to the Contributing Editors who have more than 100 years of relevant experience, and to Marie Roberts for co-ordinating the efforts of these diverse personalities (includ- ing myself) against a tight schedule. I am also indebted to Lucy Croucher (ably assisted by Andrew Croucher) for her skill in preparation of the schemes and structures that are a major feature of the book. In addition V to those of the Editors, some contributions from other experts in the agrochemical industry have been welcomed (see individual entries). Thanks are also due to the RSC search services, particularly Claire Lucas, and the RSC editorial and production staff. This book is dedicated to all those who have experienced the frustration and the eventual tremendous satisfaction of isolating and identifying novel metabolites of agrochemicals in the laboratory. Terry Roberts March 1998 Vi Editors L. J. Croucher, JSC International Ltd, Osborne House, 20 Victoria Avenue, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG1 5QY, UK D. H. Hutson, Rosillian, 18 Tredova Crescent, Falmouth, Cornwall TR114EQ, UK [email protected] P. W. Lee, E I Du Pont de Nemours G, Co., Du Pont Agricultural Products, Experimental Station, Building 402, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0402, USA Philip.w .I e e@usa. d up on t .c om P. H. Nicholls, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK [email protected] J. R. Plimmer, 2901 Price Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33611, USA Plimmerj@aol. corn M. C. Roberts, Badger Flat, Lord Nelson House, Masham, Ripon, North Yorkshire HG4 4EB, UK Mcrbadgeraaol.c um T. R. Roberts, JSC International Ltd, Osborne House, 20 Victoria Avenue, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG1 5QY, UK 101 [email protected] The Editor-in-Chief, Terry Roberts, is well-known in the field of metabolism of agrochemicals. He joined JSC International Ltd, UK in 1996, providing consulting services with the emphasis on EU registration. Dr Roberts has been active in international scientific organisations and has also published extensively. Marie Roberts is the Co-ordinating Editor, and structures were prepared by Lucy J. Croucher. The team is completed by four Contributing Editors who are listed below. David H. Hutson (Joint Editor-in-Chief for Part 2) joined Shell Research Ltd in 1965, studying the metabolism and toxicology of agrochemicals in mammals, as well as the fate of agrochemicals in plants and soils, Now retired, Dr Hutson is the author or editor of a large number of publications. Philip W. Lee is a Senior Research Associate with E I Du Pont de Nemours & Co Ltd, USA. Dr Lee has a broad interest in the development and application of environmental fate, metabolism and residue chemistry data to support the safety assessment of crop protection products. vii Peter H. Nicholls has worked at Rothamsted since 1973 on the physico- chemical properties of pesticides and their influence on the fate of pesti- cides in the environment. He has a particular interest in the behaviour of ionisable compounds in soils and plants. Jack R. Plimmer, after a varied career which included lecturing, natural products research, pesticide degradation in soils, and research into the environmental transport of pesticides, is an independent consultant. A recipient of the ACS Burdick and Jackson International Award in Pesticide Chemistry and former North American Editor of Pesticide Science, Dr Plimmer has served on many international committees and task forces concerned with pesticides and the environment. ... Vlll
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