Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China PDF
Preview Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China
Springer Geology Tieguan Wang Meso- Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China Springer Geology Series Editors Yuri Litvin, Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Moscow, Russia Abigail Jiménez-Franco, Barcelona, Spain Tatiana Chaplina, Institute of Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia The book series Springer Geology comprises a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in geology. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire research area of geology including, but not limited to, economic geology, mineral resources, historical geology, quantitative geology, structural geology, geomorphology, paleontology, and sedimentology. Tieguan Wang Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China Tieguan Wang China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing, China ISSN 2197-9545 ISSN 2197-9553 (electronic) Springer Geology ISBN 978-981-19-5665-2 ISBN 978-981-19-5666-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5666-9 Jointly published with Science Press The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the print book from: Science Press. Translation from the Chinese language edition: “zhongguo dongbu zhong-xin yuangujie dizhixue yu youqi ziyuan” by Tieguan Wang, © Science Press 2016. Published by Science Press. All Rights Reserved. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore This monograph is one of a series of publications dedicated to the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Geological Society of the founding of the Geological Society of China. The Geological Society of China The Geological Society of China (GSC) was founded in Beijing on February 3, 1922. It is one of the four earliest national academic societies in China. As a 4A social organization in China and a member of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), GSC is incorporated under China Science and Technology Association (CSTA). The Society is the Chinese national learned and professional society for geosciences with a country-wide fellowship of more than 50,000 members, and constituted of 60 specialized commissions, research branches and working councils, and provides professional guidance to the 31 provincial societies across the country. Preface Menchikoff (1949) and Pruvost (1951) initially proposed the stratigraphic term “Infracambrian” involving the strata that underlay the lower limit of known trilobites- bearing Cambrian formations, but unconformably overlay generally metamorphosed basement, which includes Meso-Neoproterozoic plus partial Lower Cambrian strata. Until 1950s, it was generally accepted that sedimentary rocks of Infracambrian or Precambrian age located within basins, geosynclines and platforms could not contain hydrocarbon deposits. The absence of pre-Palaeozoic Era life in these Infracambrian stratigraphic column was the most often presented reason why Precambrian terranes should be ignored by the petroleum geologist (Dickes, 1986). For recent more than half a century, along with the research advances on the Early Earth life, the Meso-Neoproterozoic biodiversity has been verified and the scientific evidence of material basis provided for the Meso-Neoproterozoic petroleum prospectivity available. Meanwhile, the global Meso-Neoproterozoic geology has made a great step forward, and the significant breakthrough discoveries were achieved in petroleum exploration. As it turns out, the Infracambrian sedimentary strata are not only indeed rich in organic matter, but also contain numerous oil and/or gas seeps, bituminous sands/sandstone and asphalt veins. Up to present totally dozens of oil- and/or gas-fields are found in some areas of the world, such as the Siberia Craton in Russia, the Chuanzhong Uplift in China, Oman and Indian Basins, etc., where the geological reserves of oil, condensate and/or gas can be individually up to a few hundred million tons to thousand million tons of oil equivalent, and the daily output of individual gas well as high as more than one million cubic meters. Currently, the Meso-Neoproterozoic oil and gas resources have caused more atten- tion of international geological circle, so that a series of special international confer- ences and related workshops on the Meso-Neoproterozoic geology and petroleum system were held, and the conference proceedings published, which have aroused more concerns of international petroleum geologists and explorationists on the Infracambrian geology and petroleum resources. The Meso-Neoproterozoic sequences are very well developed and more completely preserved in China, and the Meso-Neoproterozoic stratigraphy was earlier studied by Chinese geologists in the world; e.g., Lee and Chao (1924) and vii viii Preface Kao et al. (1934) originally investigated and divided the outcropped “Sinian” strati- graphic sections, respectively, at the Yangtze Gorges in Hubei, South China, and at the Jixian in Tianjin, North China. Since then, both sections became the impor- tant reference sections for the international Precambrian stratigraphic correlation over quite a long period of time. Particularly, since 1960s on, Chinese geologists have achieved significant progresses in various geoscientific disciplines and inter- disciplines, such as Meso-Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, palaeooceanography, palaeoglaciology, Cambrian biological explosion event, activistic tectono-palaeogeography as well as petroleum geology and geochemistry. As far as sedimentary stratigraphic sequences are concerned, a uniform Chinese Meso-Neoproterozoic stratigraphic framework, including seven system-level stratigraphic units, i.e., Changchengian (Pt 1), Jixianian (Pt 2), Xiama- 2 2 ling Formation (Pt 3x) (in North China), Qingbaikouan (Pt 1), Nanhuan (Pt 2) and 2 3 3 Sinian (Pt 3) (in South China) in ascending order, as well as the stratigraphic 3 correlation of equivalent formations, are established, which would be favorable to the research and assessment of oil and gas resources within the new Meso- Neoproterozoic stratigraphic framework. Moreover, the palaeooceanographic, sedi- mentopalaeogeographic and regional tectonic studies would also be conducive to the approach and understanding of the generation, evolution and preservation mecha- nisms of Meso-Neoproterozoic petroleum resources and of the development setting of source-reservoir-seal bed assemblages. Especially, a series of Meso-Neoproterozoic oil and gas have been discovered one after another, i.e., the Weiyuan Gasfield with gas reserve of 408.61 ×108 m3 (P1) from 1942 to 1965, the large-scale Longmenshan asphaltic veins with prognostic asphalt reserve ca. 8 × 106 m3 during 1966–2015, the numerous Yanliao “live” oil-seeps, asphalt, bituminous sands/sandstone and associated fossil-oil-reservoirs in 1978– 1979 and 2007–2010 and the Anyue Gasfield plus associated fossil-oil-reservoirs containing gas geological reserves of 8488 × 108 m3 (P1) and ca . 1.2× 1012 m3 (3P) during 2011–2016, which have constantly encouraged Chinese petroleum geologists and explorationists to keep on the exploring of Infracambrian petroleum resources. Compared with international similar studies, however, the Chinese Meso- Neoproterozoic research would face not only the older strata and a great geolog- ical age span over 1.3 Ga, but also quite a large area of stratigraphic distribution under the complicated tectonic and/or highly thermo-evolutional settings in China, resulting in more difficulties for indigenous oil and gas preservation and explo- ration. Consequently, how to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of Chinese Meso-Neoproterozoic petroleum resources would be an immediate problem. Therefore, the research of Chinese Meso-Neoproterozoic oil and gas resources would concurrently contain the advantages of more completely developed strata and previous profound scientific accumulation, the serious challenge of more compli- cated geological conditions and thus the wider opportunities of scientific innovation. In such a context, the 444th Xiangshan Science Conference was held in Beijing on November 13–15, 2012, and its proceeding, entitled Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in East China (Chinese version, Sun Shu and Wang Tieguan eds.), was published by Science Press, Beijing, in 2016. Since then, on the advises Preface ix of Chinese colleagues and readers, and in order to facilitate international academic exchanges, the present editor invited some authors to update, recompile and rewrite each related chapters of a new monograph entitled Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China (English version), and by comparison with the Chinese version (2016), the English monograph only involves three Meso- and/or Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins, i.e., the North China and the Yangtze Cratons as well as the Tarim Block in China, while the Meso-Neoproterozoic geology includes the tectonic division, chronostratigraphic framework, stratigraphic sequences and dividing history, palaeoglaciology, special Neoproterozoic palaeooceanographic environments and magmatism. In addition, the petroleum geology-geochemistry of Anyue-Weiyuan Gasfields, the Longmenshan asphaltic veins and the Yanliao oil- seeps, bituminous sands/sandstone and associated fossil-oil-reservoirs are discussed in detail. The publication of this book coincides with the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Geological Society of China. As one of the four earliest academic organizations in China, the Geological Society was founded on the February 3, 1922. Therefore, the present authors dedicated this monograph to the 100th anniversary of the Geological Society of China. Meanwhile, the monograph is also in memory of the late academi- cian Sun Shu (1933–2018) in Chinese Academy of Sciences, who was a celebrated geologist and the one of two co-editors for the Chinese version. This monograph would have been very difficult to achieve without the full cooper- ation of numerous co-authors, and the book is far better for their contributions, thanks, in no particular order, to Mingguo Zhai, Pingan Peng, Xianhua Li, Maoyan Zhu (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Linzhi Gao, Pengjiu Liu (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences), Shixing Zhu (Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources), Jinhu Du, Keyou Han, Shuichang Zhang [China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)], Li Su (China University of Geosciences), Shunshe Luo (Yangtze University), Ningning Zhong, Daofu Son (China University of Petroleum- Beijing) and their research groups. Beijing, China Tieguan Wang January 2022 Academician in Chinese Academy of Sciences; Professor in China University of Petroleum, Beijing References Dickes AB (1986) Precambrian as a hydrocarbon exploration target. Geosci Wisconsin 11:5–7 Kao CS, Hsiug YH, Kao P (1934) Preliminary notes on Sinian stratigraphy of North China. Bull Geolog Soc China 13:243–288. Lee LS, Chao YT (1924) Geology of the Gorge district of the Yangtze (from Ichang to Tzeckuei) with special reference to the development of the Gorges. Bull Geolog Soc China 3(3–4):351– 391
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