Table Of Content

if ....LL17 s f".fl -**-. YS DE NEWSLETTER 20p > MAYMAYl*4AY!“|AYW-X‘! MAYMAW1AYMRW4A\MMTMYMA\MRYPQYMA!MAW1AW@\WR\TflYD'RW4AY Every lvbnday -S Liverpool Anarchist Group meeting. Mutual Aid Centre. 45 Seel Street. 8pm - except May 6th. Saturday 4th Mayday march & festival. Meet 10.30 St.Georges Plateau. Mass anarchist presence in Sheffield and elsewhere. ___.__._-7---.1-'-. Saturday 12th Bobby Sands/ James Connolly oorrmemoration. Lectures, videos. stalls. Conway hall, Red Lion Sq. London. lpm. Thursday 16th Video night. Special showings to mark the loth anniv- ersary of the Hunger Strikes. MAC. 7p'n. Saturday 18th F.A.Q.1p final! Also. National Black Cross Conference. 121 Bookshop, 121 Railton Road. Brixton. London. llarn till 6pm. also National Anti-Maodonalds picket. in support of two London Greenpeace members who are being sued over a leaflet Local Action. Macdonalds. Church Street. Ll. % I TCH.’TCH I THE ‘T17? STATE TH E WORLD'S IN ""' Friday 2413,11 to Sunday 26th National Direct Action Movement Conference. Ambleside. V Details Eran National Secretary. P.0.Box 29, SWPDO M'cr M15. Monday 27th Newsletter deadline - final. & NERSEYSIDE ANARCHIST NEWSLETTER M’ OL @W' W P.0.BOX 110 LIVERPOOL L69 BOP I Anarch Nelcoe to issue 271 state socialism . In practical terms. anarchists aim for the At last we have an article fmn destruction of the power of the Class war (the only one of the national ruling class_and of all relat- groups not to have written something for ionships based on domination the newsletter i'n recent i'ssues.)w1' th a and submission. This means report on the recent Class war national §g§igg_gyg§ our industries and conference. communities and changing them to meet the needs of all. as -1‘,!,'.r$-"Q lisrcccs--'"'1u There's also an article on racism. well as the ecological needs f o 13 arrests in strike ~ _ r-"'-'b and a review of the excellent new1nag- ”' r- . the environment. Without this azine "Captive'voice". produced by Irish takeover we can struggle within Republican prisoners. siege at cm! nffices capi' talis' m but never replace it. But the biggest issue locally now Anarchism will be created by the p1anned.redundancies of l O00 couc- , ' -violenct millions of people. not a dict- STRIkE f§rvn@'é*‘§’;'f1dci'\“ pickets it il workers in Liverpool. and 700 in Sefton. atorial elite (we are not marx tud_6Y d wwfth police escorting . » 1 ‘.L J|l\II’ l\ ‘ I.-I because these local author'ities have ec F'- . ;,3’ ist-Leninists). and all will -14' iifihtlfirs into the municipal budd- I-‘III ided they need to make "savings" in their have their part to play in shap- ing; |n_ Liverpo0‘lt.“_nw“ and threats budgets. ing it. Power will lie with the Musues med to set into the s.nAo£s"§i made as W" . " Thomas Strut! organisations thrown up by and lhruuilfl a P" "S mu? "i As anarchists . we fully support the for the revolution, not with ,"¢|\ mu ml 31 Janet Tamil! 1"" '“ ;f,‘§";qf 1:-u:iud|n1 ZI.°....<n P"*“““' coucil workers fight for their jobs.and Am: I":)fhFf\‘ \|'ll'll.Il* DWIWIJW the political parties who will ‘:1’: -thus!’ and 17""! H‘ director P" I“ mg-;|\ euleflfll H" 1"““" ""-Mm w Rn! although the two art1cles on this topic t . b\:n|l\l- vmramrw W ‘M "“"'“'l I. and hm dew h ‘M iii ry to dominate and destroy them. \mnn- . w\m..m>- "‘."‘“"‘ mm 'rn.m-en 9'-'9" "3TII are short. there is bound to be more news nuL.a\l'l' more pocket! rdutauon 0""? ‘N -urn-.l:¢ I0‘ 9“°m M ' .ufr:u0~l12uu"fl| ...nrku-rs In 5;; Tlmauu bll'!""' in future issues of M.A. Watch this space LI{l.\l'Llf¢.§$p.c"t brad" |.”,":n lrnunl '1 aw“ l'\t\\Iln *\l|'l"" “mm The new society will not be bo Dale filrrel and tan at tn -.*,.._;,a;|¢.nh‘l.\1§.flau.l|. T‘[af.it|!‘nMv\In'hlfrfl'. I1}1r‘ ‘.1-fr !'T'lPl L“ lnkkets {HQ puufi:"\:g:¢n ghfnvull .,-_.aI-I‘- \ : ' I I’ '“?§§“I.}lt?~'-~=v'“ ‘ through abstract ideas. but will n. infilhyfl-Ir all‘ -I" 9'0"“ Pu~.h0I\\ ""‘;“":“_'"i:; ernufl an‘ iiihfgg 59- . we also continue the debate on come out of the realities of H1anhnk‘-flnu$}'1“HWm wdu .“H ~|»h'_ .-.n I ““|,:\::|‘:: sfinllhd lo ‘Ii-----a- umg' . wO1HEf"ub" [];fl'I1 1;; the national anarchist organisations eTu:nwI*I9I“"" struggle and the need for work- |lu:;rln:de lhr "1_ ""-""‘“I 5_3:'—‘|1\ will!“ 9""“~' ln ulhu-a. 4"“ "4"" “H” with a further contribution from.a » ing class people ta uni; E. SUCH member of Livernool.DAM. Read on! struqqle dOesn't just involve L STRIKE ‘ti’ LIVERPOOL COUNCI resistance to rulin g class power by polio! u naulld 001 3 ‘N “'7 (strikes. mass protests and other Picks! um mu" - - - ' °;§';f;‘:.‘f'.§§'.... Ha'f°'"1 Liverpool City Council is in financial forms of direct acti J on . but also trouble. as a direct result of the poll constructi'on - the bu'ilding of tax. Last week. "moderate" Labour coun- al Buildings on the 18th. At this pick- AS EVER, THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN TRIS new. locally based federal organ- et, 13 workers were arrested on public cillors. Liberals and Tories agreed to NEWSLETTER ARE THOSE O P THE INDIVIDUAL isat'i008 (examples of which o . 9 make 1 O00 council workers redundant to order offences after the pickets tried AUTHOR AND NOT NECESSARILY OP LIVER- from the original soviets of the to physically stop the senior council save money. Those to be sacked include R . . POOL ANARCHIST GROUP AS A HHOLE. ussian Revolution to the Miner" officers - including the city treasur- drugs unit staff. security officers. Support Groups of the 1984/5 housing repairs staff, grounds mainten- er. his deputy and the personnel direc strike). plus the forging of tor - from entering the building. The ance staff and gardeners, teachers and solidarity and tha willingness to SUBSCRI BE £3.00 for 10 issues binmen. 'A large proportion of the senior officers later whinged in the go further. workers to be made redundant are members local press about the pickets‘ "violen- Payable to: of the GMB - a union regarded as parti- ce". But how can they be surprised at "Mutual Aid Centre" There is no truce in th e class war. the workers‘ anger at these redundan- cularly militant (Militant Tendency at the address above. The answer to ruling class power is once had strong influence within the cies? In a city with so few j°b °PP°“ continual and ever-widening rtunities, 1 000 job losses is an appa- GMB) and union activists suspect they st ruqqle -,for social revolution have been singled out for redundancies lling prospect. Some of the sacked D DLINE was ISSUE (110.28) and anarchism. by Labour councillors who want to weak- workers might never find work a9a1"- nenas»21u1uey. LIVERPOOL anaacnrsr caouv. Most of the redundancies are amonq "°rk’ en their Liverpool branch. ers who are relatively unskilled. Council unions held a three-day Local press reports on the Strike strike on the 16th. 17th and 18th April with a mass picket outside the Municip- and the financial crisis have (B5 Can I an cnllllllln-I-my "'"""4),, -uni‘? now agreed to reintroduce the previous Hgin. 5 redundancy policy but cash-limiting it to E200 000. This would mean about 75 people would benefit. K5,!’ "51 746 redundancies are proposed. A11 council unions have said that there \ I should be no compulsory redundancies and they are balloting their members on st- ‘WW rike action. AS always. the implication is that only be expected) been narrow, biased The redundancies relate chiefly to the workers are to blame for the dispute and have tended to trivialise the whole scrapping the council's school meals - but the possibility that management issue. The binmen have a continuing might be incompetent is never admitted. service. Cooks, canteen workers, cash- dispute, they have refused to work iers, drivers, 362 in all are to be ax- overtime to clear the backlog of refuse ed with a replacement sandwich service In fact, the council unions have left after the strike, and the council for children whose parents are on agate been negotiating with the council for has taken a hard line, threatening loss benefits. In Southport the Fairholme months over the financial crisis. The of bonus payments, even wage_cuts- unions have suggested adequate budget- old people's home is to be closed, los- after giving refuse workers an ultimat- savings may be made through abolishing ing 24 j°bS- These people require 90 um that all rubbish must be cleared days statutory notice before their red- overtime, strict monitoring of the bud- other departments and workers, putting within two weeks. undancies. The notice period is based get to cut wastefulness, several ideas further jobs at risk as there will be on the size of the establishent, the for extra income generation, bringing less need for admin and support staff. The 'LIverpool Echo‘ has printed bigger it is, the longer the period of work in house, and savings can be made The loss of staff will also make it har- numerous readers letters complaining from the expected poll tax reduction. "°t1¢@ required. But the council has der for council departments to bid for about the state the city centre is in; interpreted this to refer to the size of But the unions will not negotiate com- contracts under the compulsory competi- but not one word about the causes of the building, not the size of the social pulsory redundancies. tive tendering legislation. Up to now, the dispute, except for a belated letter services department. so these workers a all tenders have been won by council from a council binman who said that for will only get 30 days notice. Following the three-day strike, departments . t five out of seven weeks he has not had a there have been a number of selective working refuse waggon. and that recent The recreation department is losing strikes in different council departments, The Liberals and Tories have removed forced changes in working arrangements 12 posts, the education department 8 and including the environmental services, ' the option of redeployment or retraining mean that his refuse collection team now the property services division is losing of staff — they want job losses. housing, social services, libraries, take five weeks to do a round that pre- their energy efficiency officer, one of engineers and cleansing. It seems this Q Q viously £00k two weeks. the few people whose job it is to try is only the beginning of a long fight. The unions want any redundancies to and save the council money! The only be voluntary, further administrative géfi. r:'L<ma1§ good news is that one senior solicitor efficiency, short term freezes on vacant is to go and the mayor's budget is down posts, and redeployment and retraining by E15 000. Other changes include an in- to meet the debt crisis. A negotiated crease in the cost of meals on wheels settlement was preferred by some union and the cutting of discretionary awards officials and eight NALGO branch execut- to students (though these were usually ive members were.asked to resign after piss-all in any case.) they refused to take strike action. Also union members are known to have been in It is essential to fight these red- volved in identifying jobs to be axed. undancies, not just for the sake of tho- Further strike action, particularly from se about to lose their jobs, but because the manual unions, now seems inevitable. Liverpool City Council isn't the only lors refused to identify specific jobs the losses will have knock-on effects on Watch this space. local authority on Merseyside to be in to be axed. They also went back on a financial crisis. Sefton Council(which previous redundancy agreement which me- covers Bootle, Crosby, Maghull, Formby ant that enhanced redundancy payments ear ¢1}§]Z,.‘.Zi..1... and Southport) seems set for redundanc- would be made to compulsorily sacked Meals $135 " ies, strikes and industrial action. staff. The Tories and Liberals suggested staff working half their normal 8Y"1°‘.'t5' "me s ks. Sefton has a hung council, this contracted hours. The unions responded umon lead?“ 3"’ W18 mgr? means that if the Liberals and Tories swith a half-day strike the week after Se 0 step nearer ‘£0 Staff were_0\1u'.age enenccd vote together, they can defeat the Lab- ft n Councll that schoo me Easter. The politicians also announced “ff list which xtig-u?|g'|d:xi‘:1 favour . our group. In February the three part- that a further £2million had to be sav- staff are 5., “"§§’“°"mTp'f<§‘v=c<$' the ies all produced different revenue bud- ed through administrative efficiency, industrial 8;¢"°“' ‘act the ot ere . ‘. d 1-5 want get proposals. The Liberals and Tories and sale of council land. Departments Dinner ladaes voted ‘Q re] 5 ecial T Nalgo union ‘pea niade open to . m “vs “test Offtl‘ HI. 3 P combined to put together a package redund3"°§n(§’ff£;rng.¢ staff were‘ have stood firm and these savings are “7a“eat5mgg° oen_ Sa_turda. y‘ f l the everyone . ds seraou5 mdustna which involved E9 million worth of red- to be made by reductions in things like Imfoefton *5 f,“t,§“§§ hasIs.°g}fered"sheading t°“"" uctions in the revenue budget. This photocopying and any further job losses school meals u S s - . dundamy action. " A obviously affected jobs but the council- have been avoided. The Liberals have n extra £2oo.000--"* '° 8 . Mitterand declared in December 1989 "we organised themselves. Young blacks have 7’ M I 5 are not facing a human tide but there are coe to feel isolated and so have come too many of them". to look after their own. In other areas, in the absence of their own movement, I The situation is not much better in blacks have given up on politics altog- Italy, where the parliamnet has passed a ether. Instead they have concentrated \\~\s1\1\Y“° ‘ law fixing the ceiling on immigration, on reactionary causes such as the Satan- depending on the needs of the national I is Verses. Militant Asians should be labour market. The right wing Lega Lam- fighting the racist class enemy, not barda Party calls for expulsion of all foreigners without jobs. The party has come a close second in recent local rights they are blamed for unemployment Racism is not words and actions just car- elections in the north. and instability in their "host" countr- ried out by fascists and right-wing org- ies. The right-wing in the form of anisations. Racism is evident in our Jean Marie le Pen's ‘Front National‘ in language, our culture and history and In Britain, the far right is electo- Francei has played on these issues and more importantly in the institutions 'rally insignificant by comparison, but D NM-\5 that run our society. This article takes unlike the British National Party and this is more than made up for by the co— s a look at how the state in Britain and National Front in Britain the FN has the nsistent racism, in less explicit ways, oafih“\5‘ western Europe uses and reinforces racism overt support of the state. In April of state institutions. The racism of in our society. last year the FN held its conference in the police, juduciary, housing institu- Nice at the invitation of the city's may- tions, employers, immigration officials. \\\ Y°““ State racism in Britain and the rest or, who also called on FN councillors to are well documented. Racist rhetoric is join his administration. The Front Nat- not confined to the.likes of extremists of Europe takes different forms. In ional already controls thirty town coun- such as Enoch Powell, but also comes meA- France and Italy racism forms part of cils and opinion polls show that 75% of from the mouths of Tory politicians. the political agenda. In Britain the French voters back the on the issue of Norman Tebbit said last year="because issues are generally suppressed and avo- immigration._ In France, racism has bec- these islands are already overcrowded ided in party political debate. The con- ome politically acceptable. In Clichy- and in the belief that great waves of tinental western European nations have a sous-Bois, a suburb of Paris, the mayor imigration by people who do not share history of poorly paid migrant workers, has prohibited any-one of North African our culture, our language, our ways of - some middle-class hack. Together. we need chiefly from north Africa but also from origin from renting accommodation or own- social conduct, in many cases who owe to fight prejudice, police brutality and Turkey. Although these workers gener- racist attacks. ing shops in the town centre. Francois no allegiance to this country, was and ally take the worst jobs and have few is a destabilising factor in society." u This kind of speech is particularly The media reinforces racist stereo- dangerous coming from a man who has hel- types by the portrayal of blacks as ig- .‘"%(Zr.§l.;;\.:%'.§#§i5f1'3*3‘5';'- - . ped shape the dominant political mood norant criminals. The imigration service who are.deporting 6 people per day, of the last decade. I A.-f" ee1'- ~ operate without compassion and enact A Home Office report last year show- racist legislation. On Merseyside, the 0 Gifford Report put-into print the day to “éd ed that more than half of young black L\ E“ - men in London have been hauled through day realities for the Black community. 't*ei-‘»,‘ 95, Access only to the poorest husing, dif- the courts. In 1989 five black men died piggy y in police custody in London alone. Last ficulty in gaining benefits, lack of awareness of Black issues by the inst- H I ' R‘:-~;‘.'-’ year police and immigration officials an-MI broke up a wedding at Hackney registry itutions the Black community deals with. .=J'{~” - ‘ office and took away the bride and two .5. witnesses to the cells, as part of an In nearly all professions, Blacks §§?e "Z "I have found it hard to gain recognition. investigation into alleged bogus marr- -rt-11'-"""'t and have been denied access to qualif- Ewe‘ pub iages arranged for illegal immigrants. ied positions. Attempts at Black educ- e-.».-"81 The government is also fostering segr- ation have been resisted by the state we egation by allowinq parents to choose and there are no statutory requirements 1 their children's school on racial grounds. We cannot rely on "democracy" to for legislation or official documents affecting the Black community to be 2 deal with racism. All through the deb- translated. ates on Hong Kong the four.Bla¢k FPS stayed conspicuously silent. .Racism shifts with current affairs, such as the anti-Arab racism arising Racism has intensified during the fro the Gulf War but it is always there. reign of the Tory government. Young blacks have become increasingly frust- Anti-fascists need to combat not only racism at its source in terms of fasc- 3: rated and angry, but this has not res- ists but also state racism. Historical ulted in an increase in the membership analysis must not be used to cloud the * of established anti-racist groups. In racist attacks that the Black community East London, the Asian comunity have .5; ‘I W©I£@@ 9 faces now. -In France for example, the CAPTIVE VOICE @ desecration of Jewish graves at Carpen- Spring 1991 tas brought people out on to the streets 32 pages '1-E3E ea-3 to demonstrate in their thousands. But 5 El.OO the death of a Morrocan student mowed "%' down by a car in March 1990 and then repeatedly driven over backwards and , Captive Voice, for the benefit of forwards, received little attention. Aura (3-II. Ga the uninitiated, is a quarterly magazine Over the last four years, 19 North Afr- produced entirely by Irish Republicans icans have been killed in racist attacks. imprisoned for fighting against British The leaders of anti-fascist movements rule. Whether you're into working class talk of the nazi threat without seeing erviewed Republican and Loyalist inmates IRA on grounds of ‘morality‘ and con- writin, revolutionary literature or the growth of new forms of racism. Each of the H-Blocks. (The Daily Express cludes, " The British soldier on the want an insight into the thoughts, feel- cultural group - Black, Arab, Muslim, said it should never have been shown street can stop, search and detail for ings and motivation of IRA volunteers, Jew - has a different history of opp- because it "gave the articulate Provos hours anyone he meets and, in the final this is a publication that can't be too ression, but they all face institution- an hour long TV comercial?). Indeed, analysis, he can shoot them dead without highly recommended. al racism together and we all need to one of the best articles gives a suffering the consequences. And all to stress our common purpose. The emph- prisoners-eye-view of the making of uphold a society rotten to the core and Containing politics, cmment, humour, asis may need to change with circumst- this programs. y which absolutely needs his violence in short stories and reviews, all issues ances but we must work together to def- order to exist. To resist within that of Captive Voice have been good but I'd eat bigotry and discrimination which are Before filming could begin, the BBC oppressive society is an expression of venture to say that this one is the best international. producers had to meet with represent- human dignity, an entirely moral act". yet. Each one has a theme running through atives of the Republican prisoners and it which some (but not all) of the art- agree to their terms for participating Captive Voice - compulsory reading Police in Belgium have stood by as icles concentrate on. This time it's - no quoting prisoners out of context, for revolutionaries. fascists dis figured North African the media and all forms of censorship no distortion and no unnecessary edit- youths with swastikas. In Britain, the which coe in for the prisoners timely ing - the BBC obliged. This is not only Captive Voice can be obtained by Cardiff Three is a case which highlights scrutiny. I say timely because the mag- a testament to the high level of sending a El cheque or postal order the racist nature of the police, and azine dovetails well with the programes organisation amongst imprisoned Repub- (made out to ‘Mutual Aid Centre‘) to should form a campaign for all anti- on Ireland screened recently in Channel licans but also gives the lie to the P.0. Box llO, Liverpool, L69 8DP. racists. On valentine's Day 1988, Lyn- 4's ‘Banned’ series and BBC 2's repeat '1‘ British claim that these people are Please include an A4 sae. ette White, a Cardiff prostitute, was of ‘Enemies Within‘, the documentary ‘ordinary criminals‘ without political brutally murdered. She was stabbed over from the Inside Story team which int- fifty times and had her throat cut. Eye 3'|.'L&f.U.S . - witnesses saw a white man covered in By and large the prisoners were blood in the area at the time. After pleased with the final programme though nine months searching, the police drew a they would have liked more emphasis on blank, but arrested five Black men and ‘Thu: B the strip-searching of Republican women f.’;\‘9’I“['y‘_;‘5* "r/( U ,- charged them with the murder. Three of TROOPS OUT prisoners and the struggle against en- the men, Yusuf Abdullah, Tony Paris, . y . . li . forced integration with Loya st prison- ‘/"""“ -- J J11!‘ P.-Q, and Steven Miller were convicted with- ers which is going on in Crumlin Rd jail. v..,.=,,,._ Q16, Qt --P out forensic evidence and despite MOVEMENT They also wished to stress that the /"\{~nu¢.,;,,"“,:,u;‘s;M" "‘ “,5 Abdullah having 13 witnesses that he was relatively re axed regime in the H-Blocks B _‘:i “" eight miles away at the time. Miller has today is the result of a successful I-I» l ’ retracted his confession, and no account '\‘ Iv struggle by Republicans within that jail ~. i 0 “'4 {X has been taken of doctor's evidence that /( -. \ '. I1 " and is not representative of Britain's . - Y he has a mental age of 11 and an IO of . - -.5,-1‘ overall prison policy. “euh 75. They remain in jail serving life I/-"’;,',“.~ /\ .d.:‘';! FL\ sentences. to commemorate the Every now and then I come across a I».-y I. "I5 15.9; ""‘-"£-..u,..-- piece of writing which is so good and The anti-racist movement needs to be I981 clear in its reasoning that it should realistic. Racism does not just mean be put into leaflet form and delivered ,. white hatred of Blacks. Racism exists HUNGER STRIKE to every house in the land. One such .r‘--.‘'.q|g.‘4g-‘r3 in all comunities - most noticeably, t‘-1‘h"u-h:._-__ l'I‘ ..__ P -.-I}. 5 article spans the centre pages of the -1N*H there is antagonism between Arabs and fi ..§! I‘ E I.‘i latest CV. Called ‘Right to Resist‘ it Jews, but also between Asians and Blacks “'“H*Hflr.wva»s is as good a justification for the IRA‘s Anti-fascists need to be realistic on T‘ armed struggle as you are likely to both fronts: first, to combat fascists .I -_ -H- read. It slams the institutions, con- heIi- and racists both verbally and by direct I- : ___ action and propaganda. Secondly, to re- _._| ditions and inequalities which drive ‘AI'n~’I‘-:$4I1,|r|_§‘F€:E INos people to take up arms and in the educate people of all races to respect process charts the failure of non- cultural differences. Thirdly, to com- violent attempts to change the Six bat institutionalised racism, whether by "“_q- Counties. The article exposes the pro- the courts, by the police, by the coun- Lnvuflont. tan. - no Bow NO LLB. British views of those who condemn the cil or by your bosses. Get involved. 1() This is a reply to Martin's (AWG) article iOH, numbers, technical preparation 11 on "anarcho-syndicalism" in the last '\’4R #57 AV "B/T170 (in economic self-management, revolut- I issue of the M.A.N. ("New Chips for Old") ionary defence, etc.), and decisive action. First, Martin raised a few points - Spontaneous organisation - thrown but also a lot of rubbish. For instance, up by struggle - obviously exists and we - ie anarcho-syndicalists in the DAM - should be supported. Modern anarcho- syndicalist unions J like the cur of have, according to Martin, "failed to learn from (anarcho-syndicalism's) mist- Spain, and the USI of Italy - support WHY ANARCHO-SYNDICALISM ? akes". We "look back with rose-tinted workers assemblies when they exist, and spectacles" to the Spanish CNT (anarcho- promote them when they don't. But spont- syndicalist union confederation), and aneous organisation isn't enough. All "any idea of smashing the capitalist too often they disappear without trace, state machine" is "amazingly absent" leaving reformist unions to re-establish from our view of revo1ution.... control. Organisations thrown up by rev- I olution, again, are no guarantee of If Martin wants to fool himself success. The soviets (workers' councils)- that's his problem. He certainly didn't of the Russian Revolution were taken over get these "facts" from the DAM. by the Bolsheviks/Communists, as was the The points that are worth replying factory committee movement. Its worth to include: noting that one of the fiwemost anarchist I activists in the factory committees - "ANARCHO—SYNDICALISM HAS FAILED" Maximov - later admitted that "the lack What is usually meant by this is of purely revolutionary unions hastened that the Spanish Revolution of I936 the destruction of the anarchist and was defeated - which is true. So there- syndicalist movements". . . (.1) I- fore anarchism (according to marxists), Anarcho-Syndicalist unions aim to", or anarcho-syndicalis (according to be long-term, concrete alternatives to' the AWG) is wrong. R social democratic trade unions, to A bit of background is needed here: resist periods of retreat, and to maint- In the I930's Spain had the largest ain and deelop rank and file control. anarchist movement in the world. Rather They are not "competition" against than retreat into ideological "purity", 1-n spontaneous grassroots movements, they -— un- anarchists got their hands dirty in the are parallel to them, organised on sim- day to day class war. As a result, over ilar lines. half the organised working class and Unions, like all organisations, are peasants were in the anarcho-syndicalist tools, not ends in themselves. we don't unions of the CNT. CNT members were the linnr expect all working class people to be in main driving force - both behind the anarcho—syndicalist unions before a rev- armed resistance to the fascist-military olution (or before they begin to fight Anarcho-Syndicalists today aren't failures, or headlong rush towards ecol- coup of I936 (later led by Franco), and back now) - though if they are all well blind to this. In any revolutionary sit- ogical disaster. New opportunities are the building up of worker and peasant and good. During a revolution, the uation we must rely on our own organised opening - and new possibilities for the collectives, in what has probably been creation of a new, effective, revolution- anarcho-syndicalist unions should form strength - in the workplaces, streets, the most far reaching social revolution and militias. Unity with other working ary force. This is what anarchists should the backbone of resistance — the organ- yet seen.i y class organisations must be on our terms. be working towards. ised core from which to push for total workers‘ self-management, to prevent col- The revolution failed due to milit- Revolutions must be pushed as far as poss- ary defeat - thanks to fascist military p ible. The counter-revolution must be Building from the best elements of aid to Franco, and a boycott of the anti- smashed. revolutionary working class socialism, fascists by the "liberal- democratic" Spain aside, its true that all forms while fighting to seize the future. This states. Other factors included the Comm- of revolutionary socialism have-fallen is anarcho-syndicalism today. unist Paty's counter-revolutionary sabot- far short of their goals - so far. This age, and the collaborationist policies of is as true for marxism as for anarchism. "UNIONS ARE NEVER REVOLUTIONARY" some of the "leading militants" of the Nowhere is socialism a reality (if we ig- CNT and EAI (the Iberian Anarchist Feder- Anarcho-Syndicalism has two aims - to ation _ "Pure" anarchists produced cOl1ab_ nore the fairy tales of hacks). The mass prepare for social revolution, and to orators too)_ Collaboration for "anti_ movements of yesteryear were smashed be- resist ruling class attack in the present. tween fascism and state communism, or fascist unity", in practice, meant the If there's a lesson in history, its that diverted into reformism by the "success" abandonment of anarchist principles and a small, disorganised anarchist movement, of consumer capitalism. the total sell-out of those who ended up with no roots in the working class, will in government office - What was won on the Today isn't Yeesterdav- The USS- R - the be swept aside in any revolutionary sit- Streets "#5 10st in ¢0mmitteB5 ' Where marxist-leninist dream for over 70 years uation. To survive - and win - we need all the comproises were made by the an- — is collapsing. The apparant triumph of a strong base in the workplace and comm- archists... western capitalism cannot hide its own unity — a class base. we need organisat- itical parties exploiting any power vac- that all delegates do what they're. told, 13 uum, and to organise revolutionary and that no-one remains in official posts defence to break the counter-revolution. longer than necessary. No-one should be in dispensible. Corporatism, obedience to No-one says this is a "perfect" strat- anti-union laws, no-strike deals, social egy. By fighting in the here and now we contracts, etc. must be fpught, and direct A risk "contamination" from the real world w action reaffirmed. If this leads to reo- L‘: F: ' - as opposed to remaining "Pure" in the ression, militants must be prepared. In talking shops of the left/anarchist ghetto. extreme cases, this may include keeping There are dangers, and they have to be the organisation going, underground, faced head on. , until new organising opportunities arise. i i ‘,3 i First, anarcho-syndicalist unions are unions of workers - class unions - not unions of only convinced anarcho-syndicalists. As unions grow, revolution could be dropped - or kept to empty words in a con- /5* ?A 5» stitution - in favour of reformist "real- '7,‘ 0V 0*“4" I _ ism", bread and butter issues alone, and e"§ compromise. The need to negotiate with (Nb bosses and councillors, and the contact I//f this involves, can push even the most militant activist towards bureaucracy and Basically, DAM strategy is a "one be anti-management. Anti-TUC and Labour class collaboration ("workers and bosses foot in, one foot out" approach - we aim Party also - though this will com to have the same interests"). The need to to work within, outside of, and beyond the fore more during sell-outs. operate reasonably openly can lead to leg- social democratic trade unions (ie the alism - putting the survival of the organ- iTUC). Over half the workforce in Brit- DAM STRATEGY NO isation before principles in order to ain are Egtpin unions. This means that The aim then, is to create a frame- avoid repression. This can range from ton- As should be clear, the DAM sees anarchists have a 50% chance or more of work for militant workers to begin to ing down resistance to stay within the law, anarcho-syndicalist unions as an aim to working in non-unionised areas. If the set their own agenda - a fighting org- to out-and-out corporatism - the absorption be worked for. Such unions will not possibility is there to organise indep- anisation at the forefront of raising of unions into state arbitration machinery. appear overnight or as if by magic. They endent unions it should be grasped, and issues at work, inside and outside of, ‘ . will have to be built for, in realistic the unions and existing structures- Soc- wall anarchists should support this. The means to avoid these dangers are ial democratic unions exist, and should stages, and with our eyes open. first, a politically aware activist base, be used for what they're worth - with’ and secondly, a structure that avoids bur- This means a flexible approach - not The only working example so far is no illusions about "reforming" them or< eaucracy - ie federalism. All decisions a rigid "line" to be applied everywhere. the Despatch Industry Workers Union - trying to elect a "better" leadership. affecting the struggle must be made by the What is possible in one workplace/indust- set up by DAM members, who are now a The sam goes for so-called Rank and ry may not be possible in another, and base, and all delegates must be subject to minority within it. Whether this was a File groups dominated by Broad Lofts, there's bound to be contradications - recall. The task of the activist minority "correct" decision or not, it exists. within the organisation is to make sure as with DAM mambers who are also shop The question now, for people like the stewards of TUC unions. the union remains controlled by the base, AH, is do you support it? If a despatch rider joined the AUG woull they join the DIWU - or try and set up a non-existent T&G branch (and so "split the organised /’\K~fl,/’_\M\ \ pl x, 3/ despatch workers")? ‘” \ A p 1P WNCH HI"! IN -v Within places already organised, the \_/‘ ‘ms (wpuru nan 3 short-term aim is anarcho-syndicalist wnsn-r noM~s1 4» ~ networks. As with unions, the aim is ‘*1 anarcho-syndicalist organisations of he U. 6- =1“ I‘, | <‘1}flf Id‘ ' workers, not organisations of just ..aa.,. »I _ anarcho-syndicalists. They should be open ‘ _ |‘;;_'-MW ._ *1 - ". .,,e-all 1?, . -' , not just to DAM members, or convinced anarcho-syndicalists, but to all workers 4 ‘fie ~. - _.-. _ . -4*: "' - ":;_-_;_-~ .0‘! ,-v _ ‘ 8 _-*wfi7§iE3! . who share our perspective on industrial "9 ’ . . y /p ‘H H.“ ‘ £ ‘ I C organisation - direct action, direct s {IV ‘u _ 05 . QV‘ pa f _‘ ‘ x. ‘B5. I. _ -_..‘-. . . "1" ' ‘g’ ,. \ deocracy, solidarity, etc. The Educat- \\\'1\\ ~. ‘i 1 ion Network.is an example of this - set . Y J/J‘ sf’ -:_ ) ‘A I *1 '1' Q; Y “P DY DAM members who (as with the DIWU) i 3 L» 7- /.-...- are now a minority within it. -- _ .- - \'-.-"Y‘~\\\\ I I Jun---..,._,... flqigf‘ .6: 6 / The emphasis in networks should be 1";0 .\". sf" 4" y\\\\‘ I. c-to :36-»>=.. .. "17’ on practice and the method of organis- I El 0 ation, rather than a "pure" political 1'8- It s c socially useful device for ll I I content. First and foremost they should usernmthernanagenunu” Owl WE/*1 15 The aim of networks is not to be a o At present, networks are still very "loyal opposition" within social demo- much at an early stage. New networks will cratic trade unions, but to build a probably organise regionally at first,._ workplace-based alternative. I then expand downwards - with the aim of v workplace networks and local federations. Network members - including all (which could also involve community-based anarcho-syndicalists - should aim to be groups]. There will be a need for regional workplace activists, not union activists centres and research into each industry, as such. Participation should be encour- as well as the develoment of cross- aged - with workers taking up problems industry links. T directly rather than turning to the union bureaucracy. Imaginative_alternatives to A successful network is the core from all-out strikes need to be discussed (go- which a future revolutionary union may slows. sick-ins, "good work" strikes, emerge. This will probably mean going sabotage, etc.)... through a Rank and File stage at some On Saturday 20th and Sunday 21st April, RC. DICKHENJ I attended my first Class war national point - a union emerging from this would Networks should not be purely econ- SAYS effectively be Rank and File organisations conference, held at the west and leisure omic in outlook. Workplace issues should that had displaced the reformist structure centre near the centre of Newcastle, NT be used as launching pads to bring in a and won the allegiance of the job for those READ wider political perspective - management who do the fighting. As a newcomer to Class war (though V. workers, capitalism v. the working . not a member at the time of writing) THlS! class, working class autonomy and C The relationship between the DAM and I didn't quite know what to expect or workers control. Networks should be the emerging networks and unions is still under what kind of people I would meet After means of bringing revolutionary politics discussion. Basically though, networks and all, if Y0" Pick up a paper like Class into the everyday area of struggle. unions are, and will be, autonomous. The War and see it plastered with cross- role of the DAM is to promote, support, and Obviously, for any of this to have headings like "bollocks", "shit" and defend such organisations, not to act as a any impact, activists will have to do "°raP" Yfiu could be forgiven for havinga controlling "vanguard". <3 the groundwork - to be prepared to £3" mi5qiVifl9$- Mifld YOU, you only have take on responsibilities, to offer pract- to read "The Heavy Stuff", Class war's ical alternatives, to organise meetings, Reference; theoretical journal, to realise that etc.. Respect, trust, and credibility these people are thoughtful, serious and 1)"Syndicalists in the Russian Revolution". have to be built through practice, not mean business. - G.P. Maximoff. by preaching a "superior" line. There were between forty and fifty If you agree with the above, or want delegates in all (though only members to find out more, contact Liverpool DAM. were allowed to vote). jThey came from Bmcloa 1936 Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Luton, London and various other places. Alth- ough most of them were in their twenties there was a fair representation of older WHEN THE ANARCHISTS RAN THE BUSES people in their forties (like myself). I looked in vain for a green- or pur- "‘*T§Tl;l Ple-haired punk with the arse hanging out of his/her jeans. Q 4'? Q other self appointed "experts" or cadres 1 in the body of the meeting making long, balls-aching speeches, showing off their | __. knowledge to any-one who will listen. ll-M.-:- -5 '3 The main business of the conference There was a mood of determination was the discussion and amendment of a ill!-In--Lon-I to get on with the business in hand. pamphlet outlining Class War's politics What impressed me, as a Class war supp- to replace the previous pamphlet, "This CNT orter but not a member, was that non- Is Class war". It is a criticism frequ- members had an equal say in any of the ently levelled at Class War that they offer debates. Having been a member of two no real alternative to the status quo, oth- In "' lefty parties - the Communist Party and er than a mindless rebellion against it. the New Communist Party - and having The new pamphlet, when it is ratified by “"0 2 just left the Labour Party, I noticed a the next national conference and printed um 1* A “ ' distinct absence of the normal atmosph- for distribution, should dispel the image of -- In ' ere that fills such conferences. You Class War as a bunch of directionless piss- ATLEAST THEY RAN ON TIME ' know the kind of thing I mean - the ex- artists who revel in violence for its own I perts on the platform showering us with sake. Class War does, of course, recognise the droppings of their great minds, that any change to a better society must could not be left to vague goodwill and keep a little order and we were very 17 woolly-minded comitment. If everything fortunate in having a brilliant chair- involve violence, both as a defence against the left parties‘ propaganda. -Class war goes according to plan, the 500—delegate person for the part of the conference the violence of the capitalist state and in is obviously prepared to learn from the national conference, with people coming involving the pamphlet. He did a job recognition of the fact that the rich will past without being hampered by it. from all over Europe and further afield, that would certainly have scrambled my not voluntarily give up their opulent life-I should be a momentous event.i brains. styles. S. In his article "Turning Chips Into Money" din the March newsletter, Keith p.-e _ Q The Newcastle conference confirmed b' e. he I l fro Liverpool DAN wrote about people re- Ill! U . everything that I have long suspected- inventing anarchism, ignoring the past, that people can find a coherent politic- and"pulling a squeaky-clean anarchism al direction and organise themselves from out of thin air." There may be peo- without power-hungry leaders. Such I All in all, it was a weekend I would- The pamphlet deals with capitalism, ple attempting that, Keith, but I don't the state, class and the class system, efforts do, however, need to be co-ord- n't have missed. we congratulated the it think many of them are in Class war! class struggle, revolution, revolutionary inated and presided over by some-one to Tyneside comrades on a well-organised organisations, the new world, and append- ¢°HfeI€fl¢e. with a good social on the The pamphlet deals at length on how to ices on several subjects, including North- ~ ‘_ Saturday night and excellent food on both get our politics out to the working-class, in . ern Ireland. What it amounts to is a sob- ass days. and how to rebuild a working-class culture er clear-headed appraisal of where we are and identity, after the erosion of the B . now, how we got here, and what we need to do Although only a young organisation, values of community and solidarity by the to get us where we want to be. There is Class WAr is growing in numbers and infl- syphilitic ravings of "greed-and-self" none of the simplistic sloganising and. w ll m\.mu=. uence. It's progress towards a more org- Thatcherism.l It did not underestimate bhe anised, "together" approach to its activ- plain wishful thinking you find in much of problems posed by revolutionary change, or ities can only be a cause of anxiety to promise some kind of "nice" liberal uto- the wealthy scum who have profitted vastly pia. It did point out that a world sh- “ll m megs from the previous decade of human misery. SELLCLASS WAR orn of capitalist greed and envy, a wor- (Will they ever forget Trafalgar Square ld where people have enough to eat and 1990?) The class enemy might very well live in peace with their neighbours, is mom no tremble in his favourite night-club or only going to be built with a lot of massage parlour. L hard slog and self-discipline. OUR TIME HAS COME! The section on Northern Ireland did not cause the controversy expected. Briefly, what emerged from the debate BWTIT ... was the fact that, while Class War cou- 5 y ld support the IRA‘s and the Republican's armed struggle against the British state | and support any peoples‘ right to self- determination, we could not give unqua- lified support to the-IRA (or indeed to any other organisation which seeks power.) UNIDNISH ea ANARCHISM? ; ; i /a *7“ 1 '»o,t3, . 1\ as C3C3r11:r"i.tJull:i.c3r1 13¢: I)E2tJéa13EE After heading the article on the Direct Action Movement in the March issue of H.9- I felt that the points it makes needed responding to. p “ A discussion on Class War's forth- Having been a member of the DAM in the late 19895, I think I can speak with We|l,°not quite! But you can coming international conference in Lon- confidence about anarcho~syndicallsm. don in September provided what little eam ' extra cash flogging Class Firstly, in the section "Why organise Anarchist Unions?”, the author tells us that friction there was at the conference. War" fto your work/school A levy of all the membership was prop- the "process of struggle is held back by the bureaucratic nature of the TUE unions", and that it is the "absence of an alternative" which is holding workers back. osed, regardless of whether they could I mates,-freinds etc. I . This is only part of the picture. Sure, the TUC bureaucrats want an easy life attend the London conference or not, j Jusfsend £2.00 for=10 ‘Issues mediating between workers and bosses. Ves, they are frightened of sequestration of along with the proposal that members wo- their salary—g1ving funds. Hut is it really the case that the mass of workers are to BCWPO Box 772-, Bristol, uld undertake whatever tasks assigned to revolutionary, or even "militant"? Are they only held back by bureaucrats? them by the London comrades organising B899 1EG._ The author comes near the truth when sihe says that "unofficial action by HOfkBP5 the conference (eq participating in wor- has not compensated for the refusal of trade unions to initiate officl-al actzon“. O ALSO. AVAILABLE -~ £1.00 kshops etc.) Although there was no dis- while this blanket statement conveniently glo-sses over events — like the '89 Doctors’ packs of A2 flyposters ofthe agreement in principle with the propos- Strike, the London Underground unoffizial stoppages, and the .EQE£ll! ""°ff1c*al als,t the manner in which they were put current front. cover In blackand Offshore Industry Liaison Committee—run strikes on the oil rigs - it _does hold an to the members - more or less as demands element of truth. In general, unofficial action has not challenged the bureaucrati- red. So you could also do ablt - raised a few hackles. It was finally But QQ3 is this? agreed though that such an ambitious and- ofadvertislng In your areal S , costly project {nearly 5 O00 quidsworthl Hell, firstly, to function as a union the DIHU has to let dispatch riders join who I would argue that it is because of the dominance of the political ideology of the are not anarchists or anarchorsyndicalists, that is clear. But even if the bureaucrats - the ideas of collaboration and co—operation with the bosses for the sake constitution ‘outlaws’ "collaboration with the bosses", or crossing picket lines (qr of the company, or the economy, or the ‘nation’ — the ideology that workers have V°ti"9 T°PYi °" L3b°""| 9" PEPhBD5 even being a ’lefty'l, that doesn‘t mean it won't common interests with their bosses, and that workers should have ‘a fair day's (work happen, or that members wouldn't argue for compromise in’a strike or whatever, Ygu for a fair day's pay‘ rather than what workers really gggg in terms of income, or the Csflnvt banish an idea free P909195’ heads by banning it in a constitution! And if you necessity of a socialist society. The lack of unofficial action is a political §B§¢"tfl WOPREPB “if YOU d0fl't agree with the politics of or constitution’ you ¢an't problem, a problem of the attitudes of workers, got simply the product of a J“omin_a-pthoefn “tWheaDnINtsU (ihor awmhaktepvelar m‘on ion‘) . -“°-llld-L__t"'*'*.sf_l=t*==_~a..m' m .'1: Plould be conspiracy of bureaucrats to keep workers from exercising control over their unions. The fact that workers allow bureaucrats to run their unions is gggt of this political r , - _ As for the idea that, because the anarcho-syndicalist unionists have managed to problem. If this was not the case, then why didn't the NALBO workers go ahead and find a way to by-pass the bureaucrats of the TU unions, then confrontations with the organise an anti—Poll Tax nonrimplementation policy by themselves? Why didn't the PhD bosses will be “more fu1l—blooded", I think that this has a lot more to do with sympathy strikes continue in defiance of the bureaucrats? Qgy aren't workers wishful-thinking about it being "easier than attemts to politicise workers within a organising themselves to get rid of the bureaucrats? TUC union“ than it has to do with reality (tell it to the Hinersll. I think it's . As for the issues of the anti-union laws: this isn't some kind of ‘smart’ case of a ‘class-struggle‘ ghetto-mentality: ‘if we can't beat ‘em, ignore ‘em!’ legislation which would only allow prosecution of bureaucratic Trade Unions. Are Secondly, if anarchists are to "draw attention to...[the] liner in general", then anarcho—syndicalists somehow immune to anti-working class legislation? Don't you think how are they to do this? As individual members of the DIN? Dr as memebrs of an that if ‘unofficial’ secondary picketting by masses of workers had become widespread anarchist organisation which links such groups together and creates a "general line"? the Tories would have targetted that with legislation? The bureaucrats bowing down to If it is the latter, then, if comrades are honest about it, this organisation would be anti-union laws is only the surface of the problem - the deeper issue is the fact that a political organisation of anarchists (or what the average Jo in the‘ street would workers have not politically challenged the right of the state to interfere in their call ‘a party’). unions. This, and it is not at all by coincidence, is what is needed in "the community", to It follows from this analysis that simply a change of "structure" is not enough. It fight the Poll Tax, to fight racism, to fight women's oppression, fight for gay is not simply a choice between bureaucratic (TUC) unions and -alternative rights, fight against the occupation of Ireland, for abortion rights, against ("anarcho—syndicalist“) democratic unions, but a choice between a imperialist war in the Hiddle East etc, etc, etc. nd again, if. comrades are honest collaborationist/reformist and a politically combative/revolutionary working class. _g1§h_£hgg§gLyg§, this is what the DAM tries to act as in tackling such issues. For anarchists, on the level of organisation, it is a choice between simple To move on...what about "Industrial Networks"? I think this is a case of trying to "unionism" (which is what ‘syndicalism' is) and political organisation: between split the TUC ‘not now,..-but later’. After all, what is the difference between ‘structure’ and ‘politics’. Industrial Networks and trade union rank and file groups? If it is that they are made ! Take, for instance, the example of the Dispatch industry Workers‘ Union iDIHUl. The up of people committed to 'anarcno~syndicaiist political ideas‘ then won't they just author says that it would be "difficult" (understatement) to organise "a workplace if be groups of DAM members? If they are groups of workers committed to the ‘principles we ask prospective members to accept all the aims and priciples of the DAM". So what of militant action‘ then aren't they simply groups of ordinary rank and file militant does the DIHU do? It enshrines the "principles of militant action" in a constitution workers — rank and file groups? Or would they be some sort of sectarian grouplets (wonderful!) whilst recognising the need for anarchists to organise separately, within supposedly organised on the “principles of militant action‘ where any worker can be the DINU, as"anarchists“ to "draw attention to the political implications of strikes involved, but where in reality the anarchists ‘told the trots to fuck off out of it’? and to argue ourline in general". Dr, finally, is one of the Fprinciples of militant actiot the idea that when the networks are big enough they will split from the TUC unions? It's time people stoppe dithering - either Industrial Networks are anarcho-syndicalist entrist groups in the TUC unions which aim to split those unions, or they are rank and file groups. 1 To conclude, independent unions in previously unorganised workplaces are progress for the working class, but we should have no illusions that they will remain "militant" or even that they won't join the TUE, or spawn their own bureaucrats. /4£?.’Ti£‘~-~" "Anarcho—syndicalist" unions are not “bnarchist unions“ (my emphasis). A union is only a union if it lets ‘any old worker’ join (reformists, Tory voters, Labour voters, or even — gasp! - Leninists or Trotskyists!l. If a so—called "union" gg1;_lgt__agag§hi§£§ join then it would ngt be a ugjgg - it would be a political organisation masquerading as a union. The "anarcho" - "syndicalistt attempt to fuse ganarchism and industrial am.» ulnar w""""‘ ""“'|.",,,,",wow. unionism is doomed to fail. i onwb'°“'"Pud-flizwmmuuhamn y There is nothing ‘special’ about democratically structured unions, nothing Fmmu-nSI\OO§laward':l°-n°rh‘¢‘,,,,koIfl specially "anarchist". Anarchists should intervene in all unions _a§__§g§;5hi§t§, to was-=<r"““i;T1aw.=.a».»»»» - fight for anarchist ideas, for democratic methods of organising‘ strikes, to fight meeuwnv==°‘ afllafiul - dlhbfl° - i , against reformism, against collaborationism etc.,etc. and to cut across all union boundaries within the working class. This can only be done effectively if anarchists rogqowmm mart moan! trill W d_'mt::r?,“| ~ DO NO T are united as anarchists in a political organisation for this purpose, and they act aflvflii. E . \CRO55 within the TU trade unions as rank and file militants. This is whys the founding members of the Anarchist Workers Group (AUG) left the DAH in 1988. Ewwwnno"'“°°"”"“m -,“*q ‘ " "'c: -' “Anarcho"-syndicalism (like trade unionism, or simple ’syndicalism') has a proud - wt?"-|'°'“‘ub' . ' - ' INE5-. ' unused: hu“u‘mu“°‘m.Tmbl ‘ §;______ history of struggle; but it has had it's day. a cg‘-go‘ Vl€I'k" . . ‘W, mg my N85“ Anarchism hasn't. ' {O I s.nd ‘nc Written in fraternal spirit, - P0801329 IX8 --A/Hlj)¢;Ef J /lvufj L4tr€I1i1{7- nunnznsncm HI" y avgblfl IO .=o..a_ A“ cmquu I nor: €irouO' P’ “‘ Ft; Anarchist W<>"'~°