Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS PDF
Preview Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS
Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS . Sana Loue Editor Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS Editor SanaLoue DepartmentofEpidemiologyandBiostatistics CaseWesternReserveUniversity Cleveland,OH USA ISBN978-1-4614-5282-9 ISBN978-1-4614-5283-6(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012953263 #SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Althoughsignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentandimplementa- tion of HIV prevention strategies and HIV treatments, new infections continue to occur,particularlyamongthosewhoaremostvulnerableduetopoverty,marginal- ization,isolation,andviolence.Toooften,individualswithmentalillnessmayfall within one or more of these groups. Researchers have identified HIV prevention strategies that are effective in preventing HIV transmission among those with mental illness. Nevertheless, many individuals do not have access to either the informationortheskillsdevelopmentprogramsthatwouldhelpthempreventHIV transmission,oftenduetolackofaccesstocare,theunavailabilityofsuchprograms withintheircommunities,languageorculturalbarriers,orlogisticalissuessuchas transportationdifficultiesandlackofchildcare. Additionally,individualswhobecomeinfectedwithHIV/AIDSoftenexperience depression,anxiety,andthementalhealthconsequencesofthedisease.Mentalhealth careprovidersmayormaynothavereceivedtrainingrelatedtothewidevarietyof issuesthatmayariseinthiscontext. This volume is intended to provide mental health care providers, such as psychiatrists, social workers, psychologists, and marriage and family therapists, withtheinformationnecessarytoaddressbothHIV-relatedissueswithindividuals with a preexisting mental illness diagnosis and with HIV-positive individuals whoexperiencementalillnessorthementalhealthconsequencesofHIVinfection. Thevolumecommenceswithtwoin-depthchapters.Thefirst,authoredbyBusby, Lytle, and Sajatovic, provides an overview of the biology of HIV and mental illness,mentalhealthissuesthatmayarisewhenworkingwithHIV-positiveclients, andthemanagementofco-occurringmentalillnessandHIVinfection.Thesecond chapter, authored by Johnson and Henderson-Newlin, examines the legal issues relevant to the HIV-infected client, many of which are also relevant to HIV- negative clients; many of these legal issues may impact the provision of mental healthcareatvaryingstagesofHIVinfection. Thesetwoin-depthchaptersarefollowedbybriefentriesarrangedinalphabetical order. These entries, authored by 46 different authors with training in diverse disciplines and experience in HIV research, prevention, or care, cover a multitude v vi Preface oftopicsrelatedtoHIVandmentalhealthandillness.Asanexample,topicsrange from antiretroviral medication to social support to cognitive impairment to case managementtosextoys.Eachentryisfollowedbyalistingofsuggestedreferences and/or Web-based resources that will enable the reader to access the most current literature. Mental health care providers represent a critical link in the promotion and maintenanceofwell-beingamongthosewithmentalillness,whetherHIV-negative orHIV-positive.Thisvolumeisintendedtoassisttheminfulfillingthatrole. Cleveland,OH,USA SanaLoue,J.D.,Ph.D.,M.P.H.,M.S.S.A.,MA.,LISW April2012 Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SanaLoue MentalHealthComorbidityandHIV/AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 KatherineKovalskiBusby,SarahLytle,andMarthaSajatovic LegalIssuesfortheHIV-InfectedClient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 BrandyL.JohnsonandLisaM.Henderson-Newlin A/B AccesstoCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 DanielJ.O’Shea Adherence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 StefaniParrisbalogun AfricanAmericans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 SanaLoue Aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Ana-GabrielaBenghiac AIDSActivism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 DanielJ.O’Shea AIDSServiceOrganizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 OscarGrusky AlternativeandTraditionalHealing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Mihaela-CatalinaVicol AntiretroviralTherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 ToddWagner vii viii Contents AsiansandPacificIslanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 SanaLoue Bisexuality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 LisaR.Norman BloodandBloodDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 107 BethFaiman C CaregivingandCaregivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 HelenLand CaseManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 M.ZaneJennings CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 RobertW.Stephens Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Ana-GabrielaBenghiac Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 EzerKangandDavidArute ClinicalTrials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Ana-GabrielaBenghiac CognitiveImpairment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 LauraGheucaSolovastru Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 LisaR.Norman ConfidentialityLaws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Mihaela-CatalinaVicol ConspiracyTheories. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 155 DanielJ.O’Shea ContactTracing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 DavidBruckman Coping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 BrandyL.Johnson CouncilofInternationalOrganizationsforMedicalSciences. . . . . . . . . 169 BeatriceGabrielaIoan CulturalSensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 KristenLimbach Cytomegalovirus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 StefaniParrisbalogun Contents ix D DeclarationofHelsinki. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 181 Domni¸taOanaBa˘da˘ra˘u Denialism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Ana-GabrielaBenghiac DisabilityLaws. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 189 BrandyL.Johnson Disclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 193 Mihaela-CatalinaVicol DisclosureLaws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Domni¸taOanaBa˘da˘ra˘u Discrimination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 BrandyL.Johnson DutytoWarn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 SanaLoue E/F EconomicImpact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Domni¸taOanaBa˘da˘ra˘u FaithCommunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 SanaLoue Fatalism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Ana-GabrielaBenghiac G/H GenderIdentity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 HeatherWollin GenderRoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 MargaretS.Winchester HarmReduction. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 227 BettinaRausa HateCrimes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 BrandyL.Johnson HIVCounseling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 DanielJ.O’Shea HIVTesting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 DanielJ.O’Shea
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