Mental health law in England and Wales : a guide for mental health professionals including the text of the Mental Health Act 1983 as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007

405 Pages·2009·4.3 MB·English

by  Paul Barber

MENTAL HEALTH 00-265 F_gk.qxd 26/11/08 14:07 Page i
Mental Health Law
in England and Wales
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MENTAL HEALTH 00-265 F_gk.qxd 26/11/08 14:07 Page iii
Mental Health Law
in England and Wales
A Guide for Mental Health Professionals
Including the text of the Mental Health Act 1983
as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007
PAUL BARBER
ROBERT BROWN
DEBBIE MARTIN
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First published in 2009 by Learning Matters Ltd 10
Reprinted in 2009 1
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication my be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
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or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
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or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Learning Matters.
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Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and 6
the Queen’s Printer for Scotland 7
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© Paul Barber, Robert Brown and Debbie Martin
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 20
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. 1
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ISBN: 978 1 84445 1 951
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Cover and text design by Code 5 Design Associates Ltd 4
Project Management by Swales and Willis Ltd 5
Typeset by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon 6
Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 7
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Learning Matters Ltd
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33 Southernhay East
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Exeter EX1 1 NX
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Tel: [phone]
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[email protected]
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www.learningmatters.co.uk
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Contents
About the authors x
Preface xi
List of abbreviations xii
Glossary xiii
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Background to the Mental Health Act 2007 1
The structure of this book 1
Why have separate mental health law? 1
Previous law 2
The lead up to the new Act 3
The main changes 5
Table 1.1 Key changes at a glance and chapter for further information 8
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Who operates the Act? 9
Assessors 9
The new professional roles 10
Safeguarding roles 12
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The Codes of Practice and the Reference Guide 15

The duty of the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers 15
To whom does the Code apply? 16
The nature of the obligation to have regard to the Code 16
What must the Code cover? 16
The statement of Guiding Principles 17
Some issues raised by the Codes of Practice 18
The Reference Guide to the Mental Health Act (for England) 19
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Mental disorder and the availability of appropriate
medical treatment 21
The meaning of mental disorder 21
The removal of the classifications 22
The exclusions 22
Learning disability 23
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Contents
The availability of appropriate medical treatment 24 1
What is “availability” 25 2
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Civil admission and compulsion in hospital 28 4
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Admission for assessment – section 2 28
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Admission for treatment – section 3 30 7
Admission for assessment in cases of emergency – section 4 31 8
Applications in respect of patients already in hospital – section 5 32 9
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Warrant to search for and remove patients – section 135 33
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Mentally disordered persons found in public places – section 136 34
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Table 5.1 Safeguards for detained patients 35
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Civil compulsion in the community 38
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Guardianship – section 7 38 6
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Leave of absence from hospital – section 17 40
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Community Treatment Orders – section 17A 42
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Table 6.1 Community Treatment Orders: relevant functions and forms 45
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Mentally disordered offenders 48
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Key stages where mental disorder may be relevant 48 3
Police involvement 49 4
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Before the trial (or awaiting court appearance) 50
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At the trial: mental disorder as a defence 51
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At sentencing 51 8
After sentencing 53 9
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Medical treatment under the Mental Health Act 55 1
Definition and categories of medical treatment 56 2
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Part 4 – Consent to treatment 57
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Part 4A – Treatment of community patients not recalled to hospital 60
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Adult community patients lacking capacity 61 6
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The Mental Capacity Act 2005 63
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Who is the Mental Capacity Act aimed at? 63 9
Table 9.1 Mental Capacity Act checklist 64 40
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The five principles 65
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Testing capacity 65
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Determining best interests 66 4
Acts in connection with care or treatment and protection from liability 67 5
Limitations of section 5 acts 68 6
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Routes of lawful deprivation of liberty 68
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Planning for loss of capacity 69
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Court of Protection 70
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The interface between the Mental Health Act and
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the Mental Capacity Act 71
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Which Act is appropriate? 71 41
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Contents
The Mental Capacity Act 2005 72
The Mental Health Act 1983 72
The process of assessment 72
Table 10.1 Mental Capacity Act – section 5 Acts 73
Table 10.2 Mental Capacity Act – deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS) 74
Table 10.3 Mental Health Act – informal admission (section 131) 75
Government guidance 75
Table 10.4 Mental Health Act – detention under Part 2 (civil) or Part 3
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Table 10.5 AMHPs carrying out Mental Health Act assessments 78
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The deprivation of liberty safeguards 81
What is deprivation of liberty? 81
The case of HLv The United Kingdom2004 82
The case of JE v DE and Surrey County Council2006 83
The deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS): standard authorisation 84
Table 11.1. The assessors for the six DOLS assessments 85
The six assessments 85
Urgent authorisation 87
Summary of routes of providing care and treatment with compulsion 88
Table 11.2 Restriction of movement compared with deprivation of liberty 88
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Tribunals 90
The composition of the Tribunal 90
The role of the Tribunal 91
Applications to a Tribunal 91
Documentation for Tribunals 93
Proceedings before the Tribunal 94
The powers of the Tribunal 94
The appeal process 95
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Hospital managers 97
Who are the managers? 97
Who can exercise the managers’functions? 98
The powers of the hospital managers 98
The duties of the hospital managers 99
Information for victims 100
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The nearest relative 104
Identifying relatives and the nearest relative 104
Further points on identifying the nearest relative 106
Changing or displacing the person acting as nearest relative 108
Rights and functions of the nearest relative 109
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Mental Health Act Commission 112
Statutory basis of the Commission 112
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Contents
Mental Health Act Commission functions 112 1
Aims of the Commission 113 2
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The Mental Health Act Commission in practice 114
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Second Opinion Appointed Doctors (SOADs) 114
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“Rights, Risk, Recovery”, the Twelfth Biennial Report 2005–2007 115 6
Information on the MHAC 116 7
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Independent Mental Health Advocates 117 9
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Background to the IMHA scheme 117
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The legal basis for the IMHA scheme 118
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The IMHA scheme in practice 119
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Table 16.1 The duty to provide patients with information about 4
advocacy services 120 5
Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCAs) under the Mental 6
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Capacity Act 120
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Human Rights Act implications 122
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Overview of the Human Rights Act 1998 122 1
HRA issues and decisions prior to Mental Health Act 2007 123 2
HRA issues raised by the Mental Health Act 2007 126 3
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Children and young persons 129 5
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Age specific provisions in the Mental Health Act 1983 as amended 129
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Age specific provisions in other relevant legislation 132 8
The zone of parental control 133 9
Decisions to admit and treat children and young persons 133 30
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Secure accommodation orders 135
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Appendix 1: Mental Health Act 1983 as amended
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by the Mental Health Act 2007 137
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Appendix 2: Tribunal Rules 239 7
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A. (E ngland) First-tier Tribunal (Health, Education & Social Care
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Chamber) Rules 2008 239
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Appendix 3: The Mental Health Regulations 266
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3A – MENTALHEALTH (ENGLAND) Statutory Instrument No. 1184 2008 266 3
3B – MENTALHEALTH (WALES) Statutory Instrument No. 2439 2008 339 4
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Appendix 4: The Mental Health (Care and
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Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 (Consequential
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Provisions) Order 2005 (SI 2005/2078) 359 9
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Appendix 5: The Human Rights Act 1998 363 1
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Appendix 6: Case law 368
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Contents
Aerts v Belgium((2000) 29 EHRR 50) 368
B v Barking Havering etc. NHS Trust ((1999) 1 FLR 106) 368
F (Mental Health Act: Guardianship), Re ((2000) 1 FLR 192) 369
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA((1986) AC 112) 370
HLv UK(2004 40 EHHR 761) 370
JE v DE and Surrey CC((2006) EWHC 3459 (Fam)) 371
JTv UK ((2000) 30 EHRR CD 77) 371
R (AN) v MHRT(Northern Region)((2005) EWCA Civ 1605) 372
R (E) v Bristol City Council((2005) EWHC 74 Admin) 373
R (MH) v Secretary of State for Health((2005) UKHL60) 373
R v MHRTfor South Thames Region, ex parte Smith((1999) COD 148) 374
R (Munjaz) v Mersey Care NHS Trust ((2005) UKHL58) 374
R (S) v Mental Health Review Tribunal((2002) EWHC Admin 2522) 375
R (von Brandenburg) v E. London and City Mental Health NHS Trust
((2003) UKHL58) 376
Reed (Trainer) v Bronglais Hospital et al.((2001) EWHC Admin 792) 376
Reid v Secretary of State for Scotland ((1999) AC 512) 377
Storck v Germany((2005) 43 EHRR 96) 377
Wilkinson v UK (Application 14659/02, Admissibility Decision Feb 06) 378
Winterwerp v Netherlands((1979) 2 EHHR 387) 378
Appendix 7: Conversion chart for forms used in
Wales and England 380
References 382
Index 385

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