Memory and Postwar Memorials: Confronting the Violence of the Past PDF
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Studies in European Culture and History edited by Eric D. Weitz and Jack Zipes University of Minnesota Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism, the very meaning of Europe has been opened up and is in the process of being redefined. European states and societies are wrestling with the expansion of NATO and the European Union and with new streams of immigration, while a renewed and reinvigorated cultural engagement has emerged between East and West. But the fast-paced transformations of the last fifteen years also have deeper historical roots. The reconfiguring of contemporary Europe is entwined with the cataclysmic events of the twentieth century, two world wars and the Holocaust, and with the processes of modernity that, since the eighteenth century, have shaped Europe and its engagement with the rest of the world. Studies in European Culture and History is dedicated to publishing books that explore major issues in Europe’s past and present from a wide variety of disciplinary perspectives. The works in the series are interdisciplinary; they focus on culture and society and deal with significant developments in Western and Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century to the present within a social historical context. With its broad span of topics, geography, and chronology, the series aims to publish the most interesting and innovative work on modern Europe. Published by Palgrave Macmillan Fascism and Neofascism: Critical Writings on the Radical Right in Europe Eric D. Weitz Fictive Theories: Towards a Deconstructive and Utopian Political Imagination Susan McManus German-Jewish Literature in the Wake of the Holocaust: Grete Weil, Ruth Klüger, and the Politics of Address Pascale R. Bos The Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature: Toward a New Critical Grammar of Migration Leslie Adelson Terror and the Sublime in Art and Critical Theory: From Auschwitz to Hiroshima to September 11 Gene Ray Transformations of the New Germany Edited by Ruth Starkman Caught by Politics: Hitler Exiles and American Visual Culture Edited by Sabine Eckmann and Lutz Koepnick Legacies of Modernism: Art and Politics in Northern Europe, 1890–1950 Edited by Patrizia C. McBride, Richard W. McCormick, and Monika Zagar Police Forces: A Cultural History of an Institution Edited by Klaus Mladek Richard Wagner for the New Millennium: Essays in Music and Culture Edited by Matthew Bribitzer-Stull, Alex Lubet, and Gottfried Wagner Representing Masculinity: Male Citizenship in Modern Western Culture Edited by Stefan Dudink, Anna Clark, and Karen Hagemann Remembering the Occupation in French Film: National Identity in Postwar Europe Leah D. Hewitt “Gypsies” in European Literature and Culture Edited by Valentina Glajar and Domnica Radulescu Choreographing the Global in European Cinema and Theater Katrin Sieg Converting a Nation: A Modern Inquisition and the Unification of Italy Ariella Lang German Postwar Films: Life and Love in the Ruins Edited by Wilfried Wilms and William Rasch Germans, Poland, and Colonial Expansion to the East Edited by Robert L. Nelson Cinema after Fascism: The Shattered Screen Siobhan S. Craig Weimar Culture Revisited Edited by John Alexander Williams Local History, Transnational Memory in the Romanian Holocaust Edited by Valentina Glajar and Jeanine Teodorescu The German Wall: Fallout in Europe Edited by Marc Silberman Freedom and Confinement in Modernity: Kafka’s Cages Edited by A. Kiarina Kordela and Dimitris Vardoulakis German Unification Edited by Peter C. Caldwell and Robert R. Shandley Anti-Americanism in European Literature Jesper Gulddal Weimar Film and Modern Jewish Identity Ofer Ashkenazi Baader-Meinhof and the Novel: Narratives of the Nation / Fantasies of the Revolution, 1970–2010 Julian Preece France, Film and the Holocaust: From Génocide to Shoah Ferzina Banaji Tribal Fantasies: Native Americans in the European Imaginary, 1900–2010 Edited by James Mackay and David Stirrup The Balkan Prospect Vangelis Calotychos Violence and Gender in the “New” Europe: Islam in German Culture Beverly M. Weber One Family’s Shoah: Victimization, Resistance, Survival in Nazi Europe Herbert Lindenberger Memory and Postwar Memorials: Confronting the Violence of the Past Edited by Marc Silberman and Florence Vatan Punk Rock and German Crisis: Adaptation and Resistance after 1977 Cyrus Shahan Silberman Previous Publications Monographs German Cinema: Texts in Context, 1995. Heiner Müller, Forschungsberichte zur DDR-Literatur 2, 1980. Literature of the Working World: A Study of the Industrial Novel in East Germany, 1976. Editions Walls, Borders, Boundaries: Spatial and Cultural Practices in Europe, coedited with Karen E. Till and Janet Ward, 2012. The German Wall: Fallout in Europe, 2011. Screening War: Perspectives on German Suffering, coedited with Paul Cooke, 2010. Mahagonny.com. The Brecht Yearbook 29, coedited with Florian Vaßen, 2004. Rethinking Peter Weiss, coedited with Jost Hermand, 2000. Brecht on Film and Radio. A Critical Edition, 2000. Brecht 100 <=> 2000. Brecht Yearbook 24, coedited with John Rouse and Florian Vassen, 1999. Bertolt Brecht, Collected Short Stories, edited and translated by John Willett and Ralph Manheim, with introduction and notes by Marc Silberman and Shuhsi Kao, 1998. Contentious Memories: Looking Back at the GDR, coedited with Jost Hermand, 1998. drive b: Brecht 10, 1997. What Remains? East German Culture and the Postwar Public. AICGS Research Report No. 5, 1997; 2nd ed., 2000. Brecht Then and Now / Brecht damals und heute. The Brecht Yearbook 20, 1995. Focus: Margarete Steffin. The Brecht Yearbook 19, 1994. The Other Brecht II. The Brecht Yearbook 18, 1993. The Other Brecht I. The Brecht Yearbook 17, 1992. Revolution 1989: Whither Brecht? The Brecht Yearbook 16, 1991. Essays on Brecht. The Brecht Yearbook 15, 1990. Interpretationen zum Roman in der DDR, 1980. Vatan Previous Publications Robert Musil. Le “virtuose de la distance”, 2013. Robert Musil et la question anthropologique, 2000. Memory and Postwar Memorials Confronting the Violence of the Past Edited By Marc Silberman and Florence Vatan MEMORY AND POSTWAR MEMORIALS Copyright © Marc Silberman and Florence Vatan, 2013. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-34351-2 All rights reserved. First published in 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-46574-3 ISBN 978-1-137-34352-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137343529 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Acronyms xiii List of Contributors xv Introduction After the Violence: Memory 1 Florence Vatan and Marc Silberman Part I Competing Memories One The Nuremberg Trials as Cold War Competition: 15 The Politics of the Historical Record and the International Stage Francine Hirsch Two The Cube on Red Square: A Memorial for 31 the Victims of Twentieth-century Russia Karl Schlögel Three Reactive Memory: The Holocaust and 51 the Flight and Expulsion of Germans Bill Niven Four Beyond Auschwitz? Europe’s Terrorscapes in 71 the Age of Postmemory Rob van der Laarse Part II Staging Memory Five Narrative Shock and Polish Memory Remaking in 95 the Twenty-first Century Geneviève Zubrzycki viii / contents Six Grievability and the Politics of Visibility: 117 The Photography of Francesc Torres and the Mass Graves of the Spanish Civil War Ofelia Ferrán Seven Doing Memory in Public: Postapartheid Memorial 137 Space as an Activist Project Robyn Autry Eight Mnemonic Objects: Forensic and Rhetorical 155 Practices in Memorial Culture Laurie Beth Clark Part III Re-membering Memory Nine Toward a Critical Reparative Practice in Post-1989 177 German Literature: Christa Wolf’s City of Angels or The Overcoat of Dr. Freud (2010) Anke Pinkert Ten Paradoxes of Remembrance: Dissecting France’s 197 “Duty to Memory” Richard J. Golsan Eleven After-words: Lessons in Memory and Politics 213 Marc Silberman Works Cited 227 Index 245 Illustrations 2.1 Lenin Mausoleum in Red Square, Moscow 45 4.1 Bogdan Bogdanović’s Stone Flower monument 83 5.1 Memorial to the victims of the 1941 Jedwabne pogrom 100 5.2 “Counter memorial” to Poles deported to Siberia and 101 Kazakhstan 5.3 “I Miss You, Jew” happening in the Poznań 106 New Synagogue 5.4 Performer and memory activist Rafał Betlejewski 108 6.1 The new mausoleum in the cemetery of Villamayor 119 de los Montes 6.2 Wedding ring found in the mass grave of Villamayor 126 de los Montes 6.3 Image of the installation in the International Center of 129 Photography, New York City 6.4 Procession carrying the remains of the exhumed bodies, 131 after identification, from Villamayor de los Montes to the new mausoleum 7.1 Front of Voortrekker Monument, showing the 130 steps 139 leading up into the entrance 7.2 Interior exhibition space of the Moshate, which houses the Gallery of Leaders banners and serves as a meeting 142 place for presidential and diplomatic affairs 7.3 View of District Six Museum, featuring recovered street 149 signs and a floor map of the old neighborhood 7.4 Recreation of Nomvuyo Ngcelwane’s former home on 150 Cross Street in the District Six neighborhood, including objects donated by her family 8.1 At Toul Sleng (Cambodia) classrooms contain torture 164 equipment and photographs taken in those same rooms of dead or unconscious prisoners
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