Memorials Matter Memorials Matter Emotion, Environment, and Public Memory at American Historical Sites JENNIFER K. LADINO Reno & Las Vegas University of Nevada Press | Reno, Nevada 89557 USA www.unpress.nevada.edu Copyright © 2019 by University of Nevada Press All rights reserved Cover art by jericl cat Cover design by TG Design All photos are by the author unless otherwise indicated. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Names: Ladino, Jennifer K., author. Title: Memorials matter : emotion, environment, and public memory at American historical sites / Jennifer K. Ladino. Description: Reno ; Las Vegas : University of Nevada Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references. | Identifiers: LCCN 2018039125 (print) | LCCN 2018041049 (ebook) | ISBN 9781943859986 (ebook) | ISBN 9781943859962 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781943859979 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Historic sites--Social aspects--West (U.S.) | Memorials--Social aspects--West (U.S.) | Monuments--Social aspects--West (U.S.) | Collective memory--Social aspects--West (U.S.) Classification: LCC F590.7 (ebook) | LCC F590.7 . L33 2019 (print) | DDC 909--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039125 The paper used in this book meets the requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R2002). FIRST PRINTING Manufactured in the United States of America to Doug, with love and gratitude Contents Preface xi Introduction: Feeling Like a Mountain: 1 Scale, Patriotism, and Affective Agency at Mount Rushmore National Memorial 1. “Fears Made Manifest”: Desert Creatures and 41 Border Anxiety at Coronado National Memorial 2. Placing Historical Trauma: Guilt, Regret, and 82 Compassion at Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site 3. Performing Patriotism: Reenactment, Historicity, and 121 Thing- Power at Golden Spike National Historic Site 4. Remembering War in Paradise: Grief, Aloha, and 157 Techno- patriotism at WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument 5. Mountains, Monuments, and Other Matter: Reckoning 195 with Racism and Simulating Shame at Manzanar National Historic Site 6. “We have died. Remember us.”: Fear, Wonder, and 227 Overlooking the Buffalo Soldiers at Golden Gate National Recreation Area Postscript: “Going Rogue” with the Alt-N PS: 261 Managing Love and Hate for an Alternative Anthropocene Acknowledgments 275 Bibliography 277 Index 287 About the Author 297 vii Illustrations I. Peter Norbeck Overlook 5 II. Lincoln on Mount Rushmore 6 1.1. Coronado Peak Overlook 42 1.2. Border Patrol vehicles at Montezuma Pass 49 1.3. Border monument 102 64 2.1. Welcome sign at Sand Creek Massacre NHS 89 2.2. “Why?” display 98 2.3. Memorial plaque at overlook 99 3.1. Reenactment ceremony photo at Golden Spike NHS 126 3.2. Locomotive 119 129 3.3. Orbital ATK from cell phone audio tour 149 4.1. Military equipment on shore at Pearl Harbor 166 4.2. Tourists at USS Arizona Memorial 177 4.3. Techno-patriotism at Pearl Harbor 186 5.1. Reconstructed guard tower at Manzanar NHS 199 5.2. Tourists at latrines 209 5.3. Obelisk and cemetery 214 6.1. WWII Memorial to the Missing 240 6.2. Poetry at the cemetery overlook 244 6.3. View from the cemetery overlook 246 ix