Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino Volume III of 3 by James Dennistoun PDF
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Title: Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, Volume III (of 3) Illustrating the Arms, Arts, and Literature of Italy, from 1440 To 1630 Author: James Dennistoun Release Date: November 30, 2015 [eBook #50577] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO, VOLUME III (OF 3)*** E-text prepared by Suzanne Lybarger, Linda Cantoni, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries (https://archive.org/details/toronto) Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See https://archive.org/details/memoirsofdukesof03dennuoft Project Gutenberg also has the other two volumes of this work. Volume I: see http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42560/42560-h/42560-h.htm Volume II: see http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44235/44235-h/44235-h.htm Transcriber's Note This work was originally published in 1851. As noted in the original, footnotes marked by an asterisk were added by the editor of the 1909 edition, from which this e-book was prepared. Obvious printer errors have been corrected without note. Certain spelling inconsistencies have been made consistent; for example, variants of Michelangelo's last name have been changed to Buonarroti. Archaic spellings in English and Italian have been retained as they appear in the original. Full-page illustrations have been moved so as not to break up the flow of the text. CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS title page MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO ILLUSTRATING THE ARMS, ARTS & LITERATURE OF ITALY, 1440-1630 BY JAMES DENNISTOUN OF DENNISTOUN A NEW EDITION WITH NOTES BY EDWARD HUTTON & OVER A HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS IN THREE VOLUMES. VOLUME THREE LONDON JOHN LANE THE BODLEY HEAD NEW YORK JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMIX WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD., PRINTERS, PLYMOUTH frontispiece Anderson FRANCESCO MARIA II. DELLA ROVERE, DUKE OF URBINO After the picture by Baroccio in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence CONTENTS BOOK SIXTH (Continued) OF FRANCESCO MARIA DELLA ROVERE, FOURTH DUKE OF URBINO PAGE CHAPTER XXXIX Causes which led to the sack of Rome—The assault—Death of Bourbon—Atrocities of his soldiery—The Duke of Urbino's fatal delays—The Pontiff's capitulation and escape—Policy of the Emperor 3 CHAPTER XL The Duke's mischievous Policy—New league against Charles V.—A French army reaches Naples—The Duke's campaign in Lombardy—Peace restored—Siege of Florence— Coronation of the Emperor at Bologna—The independence of Italy finally lost—Leonora Duchess of Urbino—The Duke's Military Discourses 34 CHAPTER XLI Italian Militia—The Camerino disputes—Death of Clement VII.—Marriage of Prince Guidobaldo—Proposed Turkish crusade under the Duke—His death and character 60 -v- BOOK SEVENTH OF GUIDOBALDO DELLA ROVERE, FIFTH DUKE OF URBINO CHAPTER XLII Succession of Duke Guidobaldo II.—He loses Camerino and the Prefecture of Rome—The altered state of Italy—Death of Duchess Giulia—The Duke's remarriage—Affairs of the Farnesi 85 CHAPTER XLIII The Duke's domestic affairs—Policy of Paul IV.—The Duke enters the Spanish service— Rebellion at Urbino severely repressed—His death and character—His children 106 BOOK EIGHTH OF FRANCESCO MARIA II. DELLA ROVERE, SIXTH AND LAST DUKE OF URBINO CHAPTER XLIV Autobiography of Duke Francesco Maria II.—His visit to the Spanish Court—His studious habits —His marriage—Is engaged in the naval action of Lepanto—Succeeds to the dukedom 129 CHAPTER XLV The unsatisfactory results of his marriage—He separates from the Duchess—His court and habits —Death of the Duchess—He remarries 152 CHAPTER XLVI Birth of Prince Federigo—The Duke's retired habits and aversion to business—His constitution- making experiments—His instructions to his son—The Prince's unfortunate education and character 173 CHAPTER XLVII The Prince's marriage—The Duke entrusts to him the government, and retires to Castel Durante —His dissolute career and early death—Birth of his daughter Vittoria—The Duke rouses himself —He arranges the devolution of his state to the Holy See—Papal intrigues 196 CHAPTER XLVIII The Duke's monkish seclusion—His death and character—His portraits and letters—Notices of Princess Vittoria, and her inheritance—Fate of the ducal libraries—The duchy incorporated with the Papal States—Results of the Devolution 224 BOOK NINTH OF LITERATURE AND ART UNDER THE DUKES DELLA ROVERE AT URBINO CHAPTER XLIX Italian literature subject to new influences—The Academies—Federigo Comandino—Guidobaldo del Monte—The Paciotti—Leonardi—Muzio Oddi—Bernardino Baldi—Girolamo Muzio— Federigo Bonaventura 253 CHAPTER L Italian versification—Ariosto—Pietro Aretino—Vittoria Colonna—Laura Battiferri—Dionigi Atanagi—Antonio Galli—Marco Montano—Bernardo Tasso 278 CHAPTER LI Torquato Tasso—His insanity—Theories of Dr. Verga and Mr. Wilde—His connection with Urbino—His intercourse with the Princess of Este—His portraits—His letter to the Duke of Urbino—His confinement—His death—His poetry—Battista Guarini 308 CHAPTER LII The decline of Italian art: its causes and results—Artists of Urbino—Girolamo della Genga and his son Bartolomeo—Other architects and engineers 335 -vi- -vii- CHAPTER LIII Taddeo Zuccaro—Federigo Zuccaro—Their pupils—Federigo Baroccio and his pupils—Claudio Ridolfi—Painters of Gubbio 355 CHAPTER LIV Foreign artists patronised by the Dukes della Rovere—The tomb of Julius II. by Michael Angelo —Character and influence of his genius—Titian's works for Urbino—Palma Giovane—Il Semolei —Sculptors at Urbino 381 CHAPTER LV Of the manufacture of majolica in the Duchy of Urbino 403 APPENDICES I. Correspondence of Clement VII. with Duke Francesco Maria before the sack of Rome, 1527 427 II. The sack of Rome 429 III. The Duke of Urbino's justification, 1527 444 IV. Sketch of the negotiations of Castiglione at the court of Madrid, 1525-1529 448 V. Account of the armada of Don John of Austria at Messina, 1571 452 VI. Indulgence conceded to the corona of the Grand Duke of Tuscany by Pius V., 1666 456 VII. Monumental inscriptions of the ducal family of Urbino 458 VIII. Statistics of Urbino 463 IX. Two sonnets by Pietro Aretino on Titian's portraits of Duke Francesco Maria I. and his Duchess Leonora 470 X. Petition to Guidobaldo II. Duke of Urbino, by certain Majolica-makers in Pesaro 472 XI. Letter from the Archbishop of Urbino to Cardinal Giulio della Rovere, regarding a service of Majolica 474 XII. Collections of art made by the Dukes of Urbino 476 Dennistoun's List of Authorities for the Work 490 Genealogical Table 501 Index 505 ILLUSTRATIONS Francesco Maria II. della Rovere, Duke of Urbino. After the picture by Baroccio in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) Frontispiece FACING PAGE The Emperor Charles V. From the picture by Titian in the Prado Gallery, Madrid. (Photo Anderson) 28 Guidobaldo II., Duke of Urbino. From a picture in the Albani Palace in Rome 88 ? Guidobaldo II. della Rovere. From the picture by Titian in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Probably once in the Ducal Collection.) (Photo Alinari) 90 Isabella d'Este. After the picture by Titian in the Imperial Museum, Vienna. (Photo Franz Hanfstaengl) 134 Duke Francesco Maria II. receiving the allegiance of his followers. After the fresco by Girolamo Genga in the Villa Imperiale, Pesaro. (Photo Alinari) 148 Duke Francesco Maria II. receiving the allegiance of his followers. After the fresco by Girolamo Genga in the Villa Imperiale, Pesaro. (Photo Alinari) 150 Francesco I. de' Medici. After the picture by Bronzino in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 154 -viii- -ix- Federigo, Prince of Urbino. From the picture once in the possession of Andrew Coventry of Edinburgh 196 Facsimiles of signatures and monograms 200 Francesco Maria II., Duke of Urbino. From a picture once in the possession of James Dennistoun 226 Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. From the picture by Sustermans in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 248 Supposed portrait of Ariosto. After the picture by Titian in the National Gallery 280 Pietro Aretino. From the picture by Titian in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) 288 Bernardo Tasso. From a picture once in the possession of James Dennistoun 298 Torquato Tasso. From a picture once in the possession of James Dennistoun 308 Laura de' Dianti and Alfonso of Ferrara. After the picture by Titian in the Louvre. (Photo Neurdein Frères) 312 Martyrdom of S. Agata. After a picture by Seb. dal Piombo, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino, now in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 336 Holy Family. After the picture by Sustermans, once in the Ducal Collection of Urbino, now in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) 340 The Knight of Malta. From the picture by Giorgione, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino, now in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 344 Judith with the head of Holofernes. After the picture by Palma il Vecchio, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino. (Photo Alinari) 346 Head of Christ. After the picture by Titian, once in the Ducal Collection, now in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) 348 The Resurrection. After the banner painted by Titian for the Compagnia di Corpus Domini, now in the Pinacoteca, Urbino. (Photo Alinari) 352 The Last Supper. After the picture by Baroccio in the Duomo of Urbino. (Photo Alinari) 356 Noli me Tangere. After the picture by Baroccio, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino, now in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 372 The Communion of the Apostles. By Giusto di Gand, in the Palazzo Ducale Urbino. (From the Ducal Collection.) (Photo Alinari) 382 Giovanni and Federigo, Electors of Saxony. After the portraits by Cranach, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino, now in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Anderson) 386 La Bella. After the picture by Titian in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. Supposed portrait of Duchess Leonora. (Photo Anderson) 390 The Venus of Urbino. Supposed portrait of the Duchess Leonora, after the picture by Titian in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, once in the Ducal Collection. (Photo Anderson) 392 Sleeping Venus. After the picture by Giorgione in the Dresden Gallery, after which the Venus of Urbino was painted. (Photo Anderson) 394 Portrait of his wife, by Lucas Cranach. From the picture in the Roscoe Collection, Liverpool. Possibly modelled on the Venus of Urbino 396 Maiolica. A plate of Urbino ware of about 1540 in the British Museum 404 Maiolica. A plate of Castel Durante ware of about 1524 in the British Museum. "The divine and beautiful Lucia" 408 Maiolica. A plate of Urbino ware about 1535 in the British Museum. (The arms are Cardinal Pucci's) 412 Maiolica. Plate of Castel Durante ware about 1540, with a portrait medallion within a border of oak leaves. This pattern was called "Cerquata" or "al Urbinata," the oak being the badge of the Rovere house. In the British Museum 416 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE -x- -xi- CHAPTER XXXIX A.D. PAGE 1527. Causes leading to the sack of Rome 3 ” The Pontiff's fatal confidence 4 ” Defenceless state of his capital 5 ” April. His tardy alarm, and inadequate exertions 5 ” ” Demoralisation of the city 6 ” ” Warnings of impending woe 6 ” May. Foolhardiness of Renzo da Ceri 8 ” ” Authorities for the sack 8 ” ” Panic in the city 8 ” ” Estimate of the respective forces 9 ” ” 5. Arrival of Bourbon's army 10 ” ” 6. The assault 10 ” ” The localities examined and compared 11 ” ” Death of Bourbon 12 ” ” Rome lost by a panic 13 ” ” The Pope and Cardinals gain the castle of S. Angelo 13 ” ” The imperialists overrun the entire city 14 ” ” It is ferociously sacked during three days 14 ” ” The Prince of Orange succeeds Bourbon 15 ” ” Savage atrocities and sacrilege of the army 15 ” ” Several cardinals outraged 16 ” ” Pillage of shops and palaces 17 ” ” Ransom extorted by the soldiery 18 ” ” Dilatory proceedings of the confederates 18 ” ” 3. The Duke of Urbino leaves Florence 19 ” ” Unworthy motives imputed to him 19 ” ” 17. Abortive attempt to rescue the Pope 20 ” ” 20. He advances to Isola di Farnese 21 ” ” Distracted counsels in his camp 21 ” ” He resolves upon inaction 22 ” ” His memorial defending this 22 ” ” The Pontiff vainly appeals to Lannoy 23 ” June 5. He accepts a humbling capitulation 23 ” ” Sale of cardinals' hats 24 ” ” The capitulation rejected 24 ” Aug. Pestilence and famine in Rome 25 ” ” Death of Lannoy 25 ” Oct. New and more severe terms of capitulation 25 -xii- ” Dec. 8. The Pope escapes in disguise to Orvieto 26 ” Castiglione's negotiations at Madrid from 1524 to 1528 26 ” July 25. Conduct of Charles V. on hearing of sack 29 ” The Pope's dissatisfaction and Castiglione's defence 29 ” Nov. 22. The Emperor's hollow professions 31 ” ” Fatal consequences of the sack 32 CHAPTER XL ” June 1. The confederates retire to Monterosi 34 ” Aug. Mischievous policy of Francesco Maria 34 ” Dec. His interview with the Pope 34 ” July. Distrust of the Venetians 35 1528. Removed by a visit from the Duke 35 ” His violent proceedings 36 ” He is presented with a palace at Venice 37 1527. June. New League against Charles V. 37 ” July. A French army enters Italy 37 ” Close of this miserable year 37 1528. Feb. 16. The imperialists evacuate Rome 38 ” ” Overtaken by signal vengeance 39 ” ” 10. Lautrec enters the Abruzzi 39 ” April 29. And lays siege to Naples 39 ” Aug. 15. His death, and the destruction of his army 39 ” May. The Duke protects the Venetian mainland 40 ” And saves Lodi from the Duke of Brunswick 40 ” Sept. 20. He recovers Pavia 40 ” Oct. 21. But loses Savona 41 ” Demoralising effects of these wars 41 1529. June 29. Peace restored between the great powers 42 ” Dec. Venice not being included, the Duke keeps the field till December 42 ” Nov. 5. Charles and Clement meet at Bologna 42 ” Dec. 23. Treaty of the Italian powers 42 1530. Aug. 12. Siege of Florence 43 ” ” Death of the Prince of Orange there 43 1529. Nov. 1. The Duke arrives at Bologna with the Duchess 44 ” His reception by some veterans 44 1530. He declines the imperial baton 45 ” But is in high favour with Charles 45 ” Who restores to him Sora and Arce 45 ” Feb. 22. The coronation of Charles V. 46 ” Mar. 22. He leaves Bologna 46 ” April 6. Clement VII. visits Urbino 46 ” Altered position of Italy by the loss of her nationality and independence 46 ” Opinions of Mariotti 48 ” The Duchess of Urbino builds the palace of Imperiale 49 ” Its attractions and site 49 ” Her portrait and administration 52 ” Prince Guidobaldo 53 ” Marriage of Princess Ippolita 53 ” The Duke's Military Discourses 53 ” His opinions on fortification 54 ” His critique on Venetian policy 55 ” His views regarding sieges 55 ” And Artillery 56 ” His comparative estimate of various nations in the field 57 ” His rules for the construction of an army 57 1532. His inspections of the Venetian troops 58 ” Ancona annexed to the papal states 59 CHAPTER XLI 1533. Militia organised in Italy 60 ” The Feltrian legion instituted at Urbino 61 ” Jan. Charles V. attends a congress at Bologna 62 ” ” Where Titian meets him and probably paints the Duke and Duchess of Urbino 62 ” April. Birth of Prince Giulio 63 ” ” Origin of the Camerino disputes 63 ” Descent of the Varano family 63 ” Giovanni Maria made Duke of Camerino 64 His daughter Giulia offered to Prince Guidobaldo 65 ” The consent of Clement VII. withheld 65 ” Attempted abduction of Giulia 66 1534. Sept. 27. Death of Clement, and his character 66 ” Oct. 12. Election of Paul III. 68 ” ” ” Marriage of Guidobaldo 68 ” It is disapproved by the Pope 68 ” Vain mediation of Francesco Maria 68 ” Hostilities resorted to 69 1535. The Duke visits Charles V. at Naples, and makes him presents 69 ” Singular tradition in the Abruzzi 69 ” Death of the last Sforza 70 -xiii- -xiv- 1538. Jan. 31. Confederacy against the Turks, with the Duke as captain-general 70 ” Sept. 20. His sudden illness 71 ” ” He returns to Pesaro 71 ” Oct. 22. His death from poison 71 ” ” His funeral obsequies and epitaph 72 ” ” His vicissitudes of fortune 74 ” ” His fame has suffered from prejudiced historians 74 ” ” His character and military reputation 76 ” ” Opinion of Urbano Urbani 77 ” ” And of Centenelli 79 ” His dutiful conduct to Duchess Elisabetta 79 ” His widow and testamentary dispositions 80 ” His children 80 ” Cardinal Giulio della Rovere 81 CHAPTER XLII ” ” Diminished interest of our subject 85 1514. April 2. Birth of Prince Guidobaldo 87 ” ” Educated by Guido Posthumo Silvestro 87 1529. His boyish taste for horses 88 1534. Oct. 12. His marriage and its political results 88 1538. ” 22. His succession to the Dukedom 88 ” ” 25. The ceremonial described by an eye-witness 89 1539. Jan. 8. He compromises the Camerino succession, and loses the Prefecture 92 ” Camerino annexed to the papal states 93 ” The Duke strengthens himself by taking service with the Emperor and Venice 93 1543. Compliments Charles V., with Pietro Aretino in his suite 94 1533. Final abolition of the condottiere system 94 ” The Feltrian Legion embodied 94 1540. The altered condition of Italy 95 ” ” And new policy of the papacy 95 ” ” Reaction against the Reformation 96 Investiture of Guidobaldo as captain-general of Venice 97 1547. Feb. 17. Death of the Duchess Giulia 98 1541. Letter of commissions from her 99 1548. Jan. 30. The Duke's remarriage to Vittoria Farnese 100 1549. Nov. 10. Death of Paul III. 101 1550. Feb. 14. And of Duchess Leonora 101 1549. Feb. 20. Birth of Prince Francesco Maria II. 101 1550. San Marino under his protection 101 -xv- 1551. Guidobaldo made governor of Fano 103 1552. He quits the Venetian service 103 1553. The affairs of the Farnesi 104 1555. The Prefecture restored to the Duke 105 CHAPTER XLIII 1552. Marriage of Princess Elisabetta 106 ” The Duke's domestic affairs 107 ” He builds the palace at Pesaro 108 1555. The bigotry and ambitious nepotism of Paul IV. 109 ” He sends Guidobaldo against the Colonna 109 1557. Aug. 26. Rome nearly taken 111 1558. April 9. He receives an engagement from Spain and the Golden Fleece 111 ” The terms of his service 111 1565. He sends his son to Spain 112 ” His Discourse against the Turk 113 1570. His great expenses 113 1572. Consequent increase of imposts 113 ” Which occasions an insurrection at Urbino 114 ” It is repressed by stringent measures 115 1573. Severities against the guilty 116 ” The humiliation of the city 117 ” The blot attaching to the Duke's memory from these events 120 ” Letter of remonstrance to him 120 1574. Sept. 28. His death and character 122 ” His children 125 CHAPTER XLIV The autobiography of Duke Francesco Maria II. 129 1549. Feb. 20. His birth and education 130 1565. He goes to Spain by Genoa 131 1568. His account of Don Carlos's imprisonment 133 ” July 11. His return home by Milan 134 ” His studious habits 135 1571. Jan. His marriage to Lucrezia d'Este announced by himself 135 ” ” Early coldness 136 ” ” Congratulatory letters on the occasion 137 ” Protestant doctrines at Ferrara 139 ” He joins the Turkish expedition 139 ” His account of the sea-fight at Lepanto 140 1574. Sep. 28. He succeeds to the dukedom 142 -xvi- ” Ceremonial of his investiture 142 ” Letter of advice from Girolamo Muzio 144 ” The difficulties of his position 149 ” Overcome by prudence and moderation 149 ” A conspiracy against him discovered 150 CHAPTER XLV 1577. Unsatisfactory results of his marriage 152 ” His separation from the Duchess 153 ” His autograph Diary 155 1582. He is taken into the Spanish service 156 ” And receives the title of "Most Serene" 157 1583. Marriage of his Sister Princess Lavinia 157 ” He builds the Videtta Villa 157 1586. And obtains the Golden Fleece 158 ” List of officers at his court 159 1588. His fondness for the chase 160 1589. Other pastimes of his court 161 ” His literary pursuits 162 ” His hospitalities. Galileo 163 1597. Oct. Death of the last Duke of Ferrara 164 1598. Feb. 11. And of the Duchess of Urbino 165 ” Clement VIII. visits Urbino 166 ” His desire for the Duke's abdication 166 ” The Duke's retired habits 167 ” The anxiety of his people for his remarriage 167 ” His singular appeal to them 168 1599. April 26. He marries Livia della Rovere 169 1602. Dec. 13. Death of Duchess Vittoria 171 CHAPTER XLVI 1605. May 16. Birth of Prince Federigo 173 ” ” Universal joy of the people 174 ” ” The Duke's pilgrimage of thanks to Loreto 176 ” ” 19. Baptism of the Prince, amid festive pageants 176 1606. The Duke's breeding stud 180 ” His aversion to business, and retired habits 180 ” Castel Durante his favourite residence 181 ” He appoints a council of state 183 ” A glance at the constitution establishments of Urbino 185 1607. The unfortunate education of the Prince 189 ” His father's code of instructions to him 189 1608. His unpromising youth 194 CHAPTER XLVII 1608. His betrothal to Princess Claudia de' Medici 196 1610. His dissolute habits 197 1616. He visits Florence 198 1617. Court pastimes at Urbino 199 1621. April 29. The Prince's marriage concluded 199 ” Reception of the bridal pair 201 ” Francesco Maria resigns the administration of his state to the Prince 202 ” And retires to Urbania 203 1622. The Prince's reckless career, and debauched life 204 1623. June 29. His sudden death 207 ” ” The Duke's resignation 208 ” Ominous warnings 209 ” Monumental inscription to the Prince 210 1622. July 27. Birth of his daughter Vittoria 210 1623. Princess Claudia returns to her family 211 ” The Duke rouses himself 212 ” The difficulties of his position 213 ” Aug. 8. Election of Pope Urban VIII. 214 1624. The Duke's negotiations with the Holy See 214 ” Intrigues and threats employed against him 216 ” He arranges the Devolution of his state to the Holy See 219 ” To which the people gave no consent 220 1628. The terms of surrender ill kept 222 CHAPTER XLVIII ” The Duke's monkish seclusion at Urbania 224 1631. April 28. His death there 225 ” His funeral 226 ” Notices of his character by Donato, Gozze, and Passeri 227 ” His appearance and portrait 230 ” Letters of his domestic circle 232 ” Notices of Princess Vittoria 239 ” And of Duchess Livia 239 ” The Duke's will, and the amount of his succession 239 ” His libraries 241 1658. The MSS. carried to the Vatican 242 -xvii- ” The printed books transported to the Sapienza at Rome 244 ” Probable number of MSS. 244 1631. The duchy incorporated with the Ecclesiastical States 245 To the great misfortune of the people 246 Conclusion 248 CHAPTER XLIX 1400. The glory and progress of Italy while divided into many states 253 1492-1530. Her long struggle against foreign aggression is closed in servitude 253 1533-1600. Spanish domination fatal to manners, language, and literature 254 ” ” This evil augmented by the Academies 255 ” ” The Assorditi of Urbino 255 ” ” The influence of the Reformation, how excluded from Italian letters 257 ” ” The age of rhetoricians and fulsome compliment 257 ” ” Mathematics and engineering studied at Urbino 259 1509-1575. Federigo Comandino of Urbino 260 1544. Guidobaldo Marchese del Monte 262 1529-1591. Francesco Paciotti of Urbino 262 -1560. Gian Giacomo Leonardi of Pesaro 264 1569-1639. Muzio Oddi of Urbino 265 1553-1612. Bernardino Baldi of Urbino, his vast acquirements and numerous works 266 His Lives of Dukes of Urbino 273 1496-1576. Girolamo Muzio of Capo d'Istria, biographer of the Dukes 274 1555-1602. Federigo Bonaventura of Urbino 277 CHAPTER L Facilities of Italian versification 278 Absence of traditionary ballads 279 1508-1600. Poetry flourishes at Urbino 280 1474-1533. Ludovico Ariosto 280 1515. He visits Urbino; his room in the palace there 281 ” ” The qualities of his poetry 286 1492-1557. Pietro Aretino, "scourge of princes" 287 Mediocrity of his poetry, and baseness of his character 288 1490-1547. Vittoria Colonna, Marchioness of Pescara 291 ” ” Her devotional character and poetry 292 1522. Laura Battiferri of Urbino 294 Other bards of that court 294 Dionigi Atanagi; specimens of his verses 295 Antonio Galli and Marco Montani of Urbino 297 1493-1569. Bernardo Tasso 298 -xviii- -xix- His early irregularities and services 298 1531. Enters that of the Prince of Salerno 299 1539. His marriage and happy residence at Sorrento 299 1544. March. Birth of his son Torquato 300 1552. Becomes a wanderer on his patron's disgrace 300 1556. Death of his wife 301 1556. His appeal to the Prince 301 ” Reaches Pesaro, where he resides for two years 302 1557. Reads his Amadigi at that court 303 1559. Sept. 28. Torquato intimates his death to the Duke of Urbino 305 His poetry and correspondence 305 His invention of the Ode 306 CHAPTER LI Torquato Tasso, a subject of mystery and contradiction 308 Count Alberti's recent impositions 311 Dr. Andrea Verga's theory of his insanity 312 Is sufficient justification of the Duke of Ferrara 313 1556. Torquato's arrival at Pesaro 313 His early devotion to the muses 314 1565. His first visit to Ferrara 314 His compliments to the family of Urbino in the Rinaldo 315 His devotion to Princess Lucrezia d'Este, afterwards Duchess of Urbino 316 1571. His sonnet to her, and canzone on her marriage 318 1573. His Aminta performed at Pesaro 318 1574. His dangerous intercourse with her at Urbania 319 ” She is separated from the Duke and returns to Ferrara 320 1575. Tasso at Florence,—his portrait 321 1576. Symptoms of mental disease 321 1577. Outbreak of insanity 321 1578. He seeks shelter at Pesaro from imaginary wrongs 321 ” His canzone to the Duke 321 His long letter to him 323 1579. He is shut up in the hospital of Sta. Anna at Ferrara for seven years 326 1587-1594. His subsequent wanderings 326 Are closed at Rome 327 1595. April 25. His farewell letter and death at S. Onofrio 327 Retrospect of his life 328 His rivalry with Ariosto 329 His the latest of Italy's great names 330 -xx-
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