Memoir 36 - The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations PDF
Preview Memoir 36 - The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations
The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations http://avaxho.me/blogs/ChrisRedfield GeologicalSocietyMemoirs TheGeologicalSocietyofLondon BooksEditorialCommittee ChiefEditor BobPankhurst(UK) SocietyBooksEditors JohnGregory(UK) JimGriffiths(UK) JohnHowe(UK) HowardJohnson(UK) RickLaw(USA) PhilLeat(UK) NickRobins(UK) RandellStephenson(UK) SocietyBooksAdvisors EricBuffetaut(France) JonathanCraig(Italy) TomMcCann(Germany) MarioParise(Italy) Satish-Kumar(Japan) GonzaloVeiga(Argentina) MaartendeWit(SouthAfrica) IUGS/GSLpublishingagreement ThisvolumeispublishedunderanagreementbetweentheInternationalUnionofGeologicalSciencesandtheGeologicalSocietyofLondonandarises fromIGCPprojectnumber512. GSListhepublisherofchoiceforbooksrelatedtoIUGSactivities,andtheIUGSreceivesaroyaltyforallbookspublishedunderthisagreement. BookspublishedunderthisagreementaresubjecttotheSociety’sstandardrigorousproposalandmanuscriptreviewprocedures. Itisrecommendedthatreferencetoallorpartofthisbookshouldbemadeinoneofthefollowingways: Arnaud,E.,Halverson,G.P.&Shields-Zhou,G.(eds)2011.TheGeologicalRecordofNeoproterozoicGlaciations.GeologicalSociety,London, Memoirs,36. Hoffman,P.F.,Macdonald,F.A.&Halverson,G.P.2011.ChemicalsedimentsassociatedwithNeoproterozoicglaciation:ironformation,cap carbonate, barite and phosphorite. In: Arnaud, E., Halverson, G. P. & Shields-Zhou, G. (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations.GeologicalSociety,London,Memoirs,36,67–80. GEOLOGICALSOCIETYMEMOIRNO.36 The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations EDITEDBY EMMANUELLE ARNAUD UniversityofGuelph,Canada GALEN P. HALVERSON McGillUniversity,Canada and GRAHAM SHIELDS-ZHOU UniversityCollegeLondon,UK 2011 Publishedby TheGeologicalSociety London THEGEOLOGICALSOCIETY TheGeologicalSocietyofLondon(GSL)wasfoundedin1807.ItistheoldestnationalgeologicalsocietyintheworldandthelargestinEurope.Itwasincorporated underRoyalCharterin1825andisRegisteredCharity210161. TheSocietyistheUKnationallearnedandprofessionalsocietyforgeologywithaworldwideFellowship(FGS)ofover10000.TheSocietyhasthepowerto conferCharteredstatusonsuitablyqualifiedFellows,andabout2000oftheFellowshipcarrythetitle(CGeol).CharteredGeologistsmayalsoobtaintheequivalent European title, European Geologist (EurGeol). One fifth of the Society’s fellowship resides outside the UK. To find out more about the Society, log on to www.geolsoc.org.uk. 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PublishedbyTheGeologicalSocietyfrom: TheGeologicalSocietyPublishingHouse,Unit7,BrassmillEnterpriseCentre,BrassmillLane,BathBA13JN,UK (Orders: Tel. þ44(0)1225445046,Fax þ44(0)1225442836) Onlinebookshop:www.geolsoc.org.uk/bookshop The publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade. #TheGeologicalSocietyofLondon2011.Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthispublicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.No paragraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmittedsavewiththeprovisionsofTheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,SaffronHouse,6–10Kirby Street,LondonEC1N8TS,UK.UsersregisteredwiththeCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,USA:theitem-feecodeforthis publicationis0435-4052/11/$15.00. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-86239-334-9 Distributors Fordetailsofinternationalagentsanddistributorssee: www.geolsoc.org.uk/agentsdistributors TypesetbyTechsetCompositionLtd,Salisbury,UK PrintedbyCPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,UK MexicoHut,1978.Clockwisefromthebackleft:NickCox(MotorboatSkipperandEngineer),TimDruitt(Geologist), Robin (“Bruce”) Davies (Motorboat Skipper and Engineer), Brian Harland (Expedition Leader), James Carter (undergraduatefieldassistant),MikeHambrey(Geologist)andPaulWaddams(PhDStudent),Ny-A˚lesund,Svalbard TheeditorsdedicatethisMemoirtoMikeHambreyandBrianHarlandfortheir pioneeringworkinNeoproterozoicglacialgeologyandfortheircomprehensive1981 volumeEarth’sPre-PleistoceneGlacialRecord,whichinspiredthepresentwork. Contents ListofReviewers ix Introductorychapters ARNAUD,E.,HALVERSON,G.P.&SHIELDS-ZHOU,G.ThegeologicalrecordofNeoproterozoiciceages 1 HOFFMAN,P.F.AhistoryofNeoproterozoicglacialgeology,1871–1997 17 ARNAUD,E.&ETIENNE,J.L.RecognitionofglacialinfluenceinNeoproterozoicsedimentarysuccessions 39 HALVERSON,G.P.&SHIELDS-ZHOU,G.ChemostratigraphyandtheNeoproterozoicglaciations 51 HOFFMAN,P.F.,MACDONALD,F.A.&HALVERSON,G.P.ChemicalsedimentsassociatedwithNeoproterozoicglaciation:ironformation,cap 67 carbonate,bariteandphosphorite BAHLBURG,H.&DOBRZINSKI,N.AreviewoftheChemicalIndexofAlteration(CIA)anditsapplicationtothestudyofNeoproterozoic 81 glacialdepositsandclimatetransitions EVANS,D.A.D.&RAUB,T.D.Neoproterozoicglacialpalaeolatitudes:aglobalupdate 93 GREY,K.,HILL,A.C.&CALVER,C.BiostratigraphyandstratigraphicsubdivisionofCryogeniansuccessionsofAustraliainaglobalcontext 113 CONDON,D.J.&BOWRING,S.A.Auser’sguidetoNeoproterozoicgeochronology 135 GODDE´RIS,Y.,LEHIR,G.&DONNADIEU,Y.ModellingtheSnowballEarth 151 Africa SHIELDS-ZHOU,G.A.,DEYNOUX,M.&OCH,L.TherecordofNeoproterozoicglaciationintheTaoude´niBasin,NWAfrica 163 MASTER,S.&WENDORFF,M.NeoproterozoicglaciogenicdiamictitesoftheKatangaSupergroup,CentralAfrica 173 TAIT,J.,DELPOMDOR,F.,PRE´AT,A.,TACK,L.,STRAATHOF,G.&NKULA,V.K.NeoproterozoicsequencesoftheWestCongoand 185 Lindi/UbangiSupergroupsintheCongoCraton,CentralAfrica HOFFMAN,P.F.GlaciogenicandassociatedstrataoftheOtavicarbonateplatformandforeslope,northernNamibia:evidenceforlarge 195 base-levelandglacioeustaticchanges PRAVE,A.R.,HOFFMANN,K.-H.,HEGENBERGER,W.&FALLICK,A.E.TheWitvleiGroupofEast-CentralNamibia 211 FRIMMEL,H.E.TheChameisGateMember,ChameisGroup,MarmoraTerrane,Namibia 217 FRIMMEL,H.E.TheKaigasandNumeesformations,PortNollothGroup,inSouthAfricaandNamibia 223 FRIMMEL,H.E.TheKaroetjesKopandBloupoortformations,GifbergGroup,SouthAfrica 233 Eurasia–NubianShield ALLEN,P.A.,RIEU,R.,ETIENNE,J.L.,MATTER,A.&COZZI,A.TheAynFormationoftheMirbatGroup,Dhofar,Oman 239 ALLEN,P.A.,LEATHER,J.,BRASIER,M.D.,RIEU,R.,MCCARRON,M.,LEGUERROUE´,E.,ETIENNE,J.L.&COZZI,A.TheAbuMahara 251 Group(GhubrahandFiqformations),JabalAkhdar,Oman MILLER,N.R.,AVIGAD,D.,STERN,R.J.&BEYTH,M.TheTambienGroup,NorthernEthiopia(Tigre) 263 STERN,R.J.,JOHNSON,P.R.,ALI,K.A.&MUKHERJEE,S.K.EvidenceforEarlyandMid-CryogenianglaciationintheNorthern 277 Arabian–NubianShield(Egypt,Sudan,andwesternArabia) CHUMAKOV,N.M.GlacialdepositsoftheBoksonGroup,EastSayanMountains,BuryatianRepublic,RussianFederation 285 CHUMAKOV,N.M.TheNeoproterozoicglacialformationsoftheNorthandMiddleUrals 289 CONTENTS vii CHUMAKOV,N.M.GlacialdepositsoftheNichatkaFormation,CharaRiverbasinandreviewofUpperPrecambriandiamictites 297 ofCentralSiberia CHUMAKOV,N.M.GlacialdepositsoftheBaykonurFormation,KazakhstanandKyrgyzstan 303 CHUMAKOV,N.M.,POKROVSKY,B.G.&MELEZHIK,V.A.TheglaciogenicBol’shoyPatomFormation,LenaRiver,centralSiberia 309 SOVETOV,J.K.LateCryogenian(Vendian)glaciogenicdepositsintheMarnyaFormation,OselokGroup,inthefoothillsofthe 317 EastSayanRange,southwesternSiberianCraton MACDONALD,F.A.TheTsagaanOloomFormation,southwesternMongolia 331 MACDONALD,F.A.&JONES,D.S.TheKhubsugulGroup,NorthernMongolia 339 ETIENNE,J.L.,ALLEN,P.A.,LEGUERROUE´,E.,HEAMAN,L.,GHOSH,S.K.&ISLAM,R.TheBlainiFormationoftheLesserHimalaya,NWIndia 347 ZHANG,Q.-R.,CHU,X.-L.&FENG,L.-J.NeoproterozoicglacialrecordsintheYangtzeRegion,China 357 ZHU,M.&WANG,H.NeoproterozoicglaciogenicdiamictitesoftheTarimBlock,NWChina 367 NorthAmerica MACDONALD,F.A.TheHulaHulaDiamictiteandKatakturukDolomite,ArcticAlaska 379 MACDONALD,F.A.&COHEN,P.A.TheTatondukinlier,Alaska–Yukonborder 389 HOFFMAN,P.F.&HALVERSON,G.P.NeoproterozoicglacialrecordintheMackenzieMountains,northernCanadianCordillera 397 SMITH,M.D.,ARNAUD,E.,ARNOTT,R.W.C.& ROSS,G.M.TherecordofNeoproterozoicglaciationsintheWindermere 413 Supergroup,southernCanadianCordillera LINK,P.K.&CHRISTIE-BLICK,N.NeoproterozoicstrataofsoutheasternIdahoandUtah:recordofCryogenianriftingandglaciation 425 LUND,K.,ALEINIKOFF,J.N.&EVANS,K.V.TheEdwardsburgFormationandrelatedrocks,WindermereSupergroup,centralIdaho,USA 437 MROFKA,D.&KENNEDY,M.TheKingstonPeakFormationintheeasternDeathValleyregion 449 PETTERSON,R.,PRAVE,A.R.&WERNICKE,B.P.GlaciogenicandrelatedstrataoftheNeoproterozoicKingstonPeakFormationinthe 459 PanamintRange,DeathValleyregion,California CARTO,S.L.&EYLES,N.Thedeep-marineglaciogenicGaskiersFormation,Newfoundland,Canada 467 CARTO,S.L.&EYLES,N.TheSquantumMemberoftheBostonBasin,Massachusetts,USA 475 SouthAmerica CHEW,D.&KIRKLAND,C.TheChiquer´ıoFormation,southernPeru 481 ALVARENGA,C.J.S.,BOGGIANI,P.C.,BABINSKI,M.,DARDENNE,M.A.,FIGUEIREDO,M.F.,DANTAS,E.L.,UHLEIN,A.,SANTOS,R.V., 487 SIAL,A.N.&TROMPETTE,R.GlaciallyinfluencedsedimentationofthePugaFormation,Cuiaba´ GroupandJacadigoGroup,and associatedcarbonatesoftheArarasandCorumba´groups,ParaguayBelt,Brazil FIGUEIREDO,M.F.,BABINSKI,M.&ALVARENGA,C.J.S.TheSerraAzulFormation,ParaguayBelt,Brazil 499 GUIMARA˜ES,J.T.,MISI,A.,PEDREIRA,A.J.&DOMINGUEZ,J.M.L.TheBebedouroFormation,UnaGroup,Bahia(Brazil) 503 MISI,A.,KAUFMAN,A.J.,AZMY,K.,DARDENNE,M.A.,SIAL,A.N.&DEOLIVEIRA,T.F.NeoproterozoicsuccessionsoftheSa˜oFrancisco 509 Craton,Brazil:theBambu´ı,Una,VazanteandVazaBarris/Miabagroupsandtheirglaciogenicdeposits PEDROSA-SOARES,A.C.,BABINSKI,M.,NOCE,C.,MARTINS,M.,QUEIROGA,G.&VILELA,F.TheNeoproterozoicMacau´basGroup, 523 Arac¸ua´ıorogen,SEBrazil ROCHA-CAMPOS,A.C.,DEBRITONEVES,B.B.,BABINSKI,M.,DOSSANTOS,P.R.,DEOLIVEIRA,S.M.B.&ROMANO,A.Moemalaminites: 535 anewlyrecognizedNeoproterozoic(?)glaciogenicunit,Sa˜oFranciscoBasin,Brazil viii CONTENTS UHLEIN,A.,ALVARENGA,C.J.S.,DARDENNE,M.A.&TROMPETTE,R.R.TheglaciogenicJequita´ıFormation,southeasternBrazil 541 PAZOS,P.J.,RAPALINI,A.E.,BETTUCCI,L.S.&TO´FALO,O.R.ThePlayaHermosaFormation,PlayaVerdeBasin,Uruguay 547 PECOITS,E.,GINGRAS,M.K.&KONHAUSER,K.O.LasVentanasandSanCarlosformations,MaldonadoGroup,Uruguay 555 PAZOS,P.J.&RAPALINI,A.ThecontroversialstratigraphyoftheglacialdepositsintheTandiliaSystem,Argentina 565 Europe HALVERSON,G.P.GlacialsedimentsandassociatedstrataofthePolarisbreenGroup,northeasternSvalbard 571 STOUGE,S.,CHRISTIANSEN,J.L.,HARPER,D.A.T.,HOUMARK-NIELSEN,M.,KRISTIANSEN,K.,MACNIOCAILL,C.&BUCHARDT-WESTERGA˚RD,B. 581 Neoproterozoic(Cryogenian–Ediacaran)depositsinEastandNorth-EastGreenland RICE,A.H.N.,EDWARDS,M.B.,HANSEN,T.A.,ARNAUD,E.&HALVERSON,G.P.GlaciogenicrocksoftheNeoproterozoicSmalfjordand 593 Mortensnesformations,VestertanaGroup,E.Finnmark,Norway STODT,F.,RICE,A.H.N.,BJO¨RKLUND,L.,BAX,G.,HALVERSON,G.P.&PHARAOH,T.C.EvidenceoflateNeoproterozoicglaciationinthe 603 CaledonidesofNWScandinavia NYSTUEN,J.P.&LAMMINEN,J.T.NeoproterozoicglaciationofSouthNorway:fromcontinentalinteriortoriftandpericratonicbasinsin 613 westernBaltica KUMPULAINEN,R.A.&GREILING,R.O.EvidenceforlateNeoproterozoicglaciationinthecentralScandinavianCaledonides 623 KUMPULAINEN,R.A.TheNeoproterozoicglaciogenicLillfja¨lletFormation,southernSwedishCaledonides 629 ARNAUD,E.&FAIRCHILD,I.J.ThePortAskaigFormation,DalradianSupergroup,Scotland 635 PRAVE,A.R.&FALLICK,A.E.TheNeoproterozoicglaciogenicdepositsofScotlandandIreland 643 Australia CALVER,C.R.NeoproterozoicglacialdepositsofTasmania 649 CORKERON,M.NeoproterozoicglacialdepositsoftheKimberlyRegionandnorthwesternNorthernTerritory,Australia 659 GOSTIN,V.A.,MCKIRDY,D.M.,WEBSTER,L.J.&WILLIAMS,G.E.Mid-Ediacaranice-raftingintheAdelaideGeosynclineand 673 OfficerBasin,SouthAustralia HILL,A.C.,HAINES,P.W.&GREY,K.NeoproterozoicglacialdepositsofcentralAustralia 677 JENKINS,R.J.F.BillySpringsglaciation,SouthAustralia 693 PREISS,W.V.,GOSTIN,V.A.,MCKIRDY,D.M.,ASHLEY,P.M.,WILLIAMS,G.E.&SCHMIDT,P.W.Theglacialsuccessionof 701 SturtianageinSouthAustralia:theYudnamutanaSubgroup WILLIAMS,G.E.,GOSTIN,V.A.,MCKIRDY,D.M.,PREISS,W.V.&SCHMIDT,P.W.TheElatinaglaciation(lateCryogenian), 713 SouthAustralia Index 723 List of Reviewers PhilipAllen NickEyles ImperialCollegeLondon,UK UniversityofTorontoatScarborough,Canada CarlosAlvarenga IanFairchild UniversityofBrasilia,Brazil UniversityofBirmingham,UK Jose-JavierAlvaro MikhailFedonkin CentrodeAstrobiologia,Madrid,Spain PaleontologicalInstitute,Moscow,Russia JohnArthurs EricFont Holywood,CountyDown,Ireland UniversityofLisbon,Portugal DovAvigad HartwigFrimmel TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel UniversityofWu¨rzburg,Germany MarlyBabinsky ClaudioGaucher UniversityofSaoPaulo,Brazil UniversidaddelaRepu´blica,Uruguay HeinrichBahlburg VicGostin Westfa¨lischeWilhelms-Universita¨t,Muenster,Germany UniversityofAdelaide,Australia RichardBailey DimitriyGrazhdankin NortheasternUniversity,USA InstituteofPetroleumGeologyandGeophysics,Novosibirsk, Russia DhirajBanerjee UniversityofDelhi,India MikeHambrey AberystwythUniversity,Wales,UK AngeloMiguelStippBasei UniversityofSaoPaulo,Brazil RichardHanson TexasChristianUniversity,USA JulieBartley StateUniversityofWestGeorgia ChristophHeubeck NicholasBeukes FreieUniversita¨tBerlin,Germany UniversityofJohannesburgh,SouthAfrica AndrewHill KnutBjorlykke CentrodeAstrobiologia,Madrid,Spain UniversityofOslo,Norway RickHiscott RobertBlodgett MemorialUniversity,Canada UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,USA PaulHoffman NickButterfield HarvardUniversity,USA/UniversityofVictoria,Canada Cambridge,UK JohnHowe CliveCalver ScottishMarineInstitute,UK MineralResources,Tasmania GanqingJiang NikolayChumakov UniversityofLasVegas,USA GeologicalInstitute,RussianAcademyofSciences PeterJohnson AllanCollins Washington,DC,USA UniversityofAdelaide,Australia SandraKamo MauriceColpron UniversityofToronto,Canada YukonGeologicalSurvey,Canada A.F.Kamona FrankCorsetti UniversityofNamibia,Namibia UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA AlanJayKaufman LuciethCruzViera UniversityofMaryland,USA UniversityofSaoPaulo,Brazil BrianKendall BleyBenjamindeBritoNeves ArizonaStateUniversity,USA UniversityofSaoPaulo,Brazil AndyKnoll MaxDeynoux HarvardUniversity,USA CNRS,Strasbourg,France RistoKumpulainen NicoleDobrzinsky StockholmUniversity,Sweden PanterraGeoconsultantsB.V.,TheNetherlands AlexandreKuzmichev EugeneDomack GeologicalInstitute,RussianAcademyofSciences,Russia HamiltonCollege,USA AntonKuznetsov JamesEtienne InstituteofPrecambrianGeologyandGeochronology, Neftex,UK St.Petersburg,Russia DavidJ.A.Evans ErwanLeGuerroue´ DurhamUniversity,UK Universite´ deRennes,France
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