Membrane Transport in Plants

474 Pages·1974·10.376 MB·English

by  P. Meares (auth.), Privat-Dozent Dr. Ulrich Zimmermann, Professor Dr. Jack Dainty (eds.)

Membrane Transport
in Plants
Edited by
Ulrich Zimmermann and Jack Dainty
With 252 Figures and 49 Tables
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1974
Privat-Dozent Dr. Ulrich Zimmermann
Institut fOr Physikalische Chemie
der Kernforschungsanlage JOlich
5170 JOlich, W. Germany
and
Botanisches Institut
der Rheinisch-Westfalischen
Technischen Hochschule Aachen
5100 Aachen, W. Germany
Professor Dr. Jack Dainty
Department of Botany
University of Toronto
Toronto 181, Canada
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-65988-1 e-ISBN -13: 978-3-642-65986-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-65986-7
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
© by Springer'Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1974.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1974
The' use of registered names, trademarks, etc. In this publication does not imply, even in the absence of
a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and
therefore free for general use.
Preface
In February, 1974, an 'International Workshop on Membrane Transport in Plants' was held
at the Nuclear Research Centre, JLiI ich, West Germany. More than two hundred and fifty
people, from fourteen countries, took part in this highly successful meeting. A somewhat
similar meeting took place in Liverpool, England, two years ago and it became clear there
that progress in the field of membrane transport in plants was now so marked that a second,
and wider, meeting in Germany was more than fully justified. The members of our pro
gramme committee (U. Zimmermann, Chairman, JLilich (FRG); J. Dainty, Toronto (Canada);
F. FLihr, JLilich (FRG); N. Higinbotham, Pullman, Wa. (USA); A.B. Hope, Adelaide (Australia);
A. Lev, Leningrad (USSR); U. LLittge, Darmstadt (FRG); HW. NLirnberg, JLilich (FRG);
E.A.C. MacRobb-ie, Cambridge (UK); H. Stieve, JLilich (FRG); M. Thellier, Rouen (France);
K. Wagener, JLilich (FRG)) decided on a broad spectrum of topics including thermodynamics
of transport processes, water relations, primary reactions of photosynthesis, as well as the
more conventional aspects of membrane transport. They were thus, for instance, particularly
concerned to bring advanced thermodynamical concepts to the attention of biologists and to
show physical chemists what the more complex biological systems were like.
We have taken considerable editorial liberty with the manuscripts submitted for this book,
for we were very conscious of the necessity to make all papers understandable by as wide a
circle of readers as possible. In effect we have obeyed the spirit of the meetinq, which was to
bring all works in plant membrane transport and relevant fields togetherfor mutual under
standing and clarification of the problems involved.
The meeting could not have taken place without the generous financial support of the
Nuclear Research Centre, JLilich, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Sonder
forschungsbereich 160 'Eigenschaften biologischer Membranen' and the German Industry
(AEG-Telefunken AG, Ulm; Bayer AG, Leverkusen; Biotronik GmbH, Frankfurt/M.;
Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim; B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen; Carl Zeiss,
Oberkochen; Colora Merstechnik GmbH, Lorch; E. Merck, Darmstadt; Farbwerke Hoechst
AG, Frankfurt/M.; Kali und Salz AG, Hannover; Kontron GmbH, Eching; LKB Instrument
GmbH, DLisseldorf; Riedel-de-Haen AG, Seelze; W. Pabisch KG, MLinchen). We gratefully
thank all these organisations.
We are also indebted to Prof. Dr. K. Wagener, Director of the I nstitute of Physical Chem istry,
for his support of the conference and to Dr. Borsch and his stuff, and to the coworkers of
one of us (U.Z.) H.-J. Buers, H. Jackel, H. Koch, Dr. G. Pilwat, Dipl.-Phys. F. Riemann,
Dr. E. Steudle, and J. Zillikens for their day-to-day help in all the 'administrative' problems
of the meeting: places to stay, slide projection, tape recording, meals, coffee at all times, and
so on.
So far as the book is concerned, these same colleagues of Ulrich Zimmermann and his wife
have rendered completely essential service in checking manuscripts, proof reading and re
drawing figures. There is no doubt that the book could not have been ready in this relatively
short time without their invaluable help. We are extremely grateful to them and to
H.W. Arras, head of the printer shop, and H.-P. Pelzer for their support of the printing.
VI
We also record our appreciation to Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, for
expediting the publication of these proceedings.
Finally we must single out the quite outstanding contribution made by Dr. Pilwat and
Mrs. Pilwat. Dr. Pilwat produced the final copy of each manuscript and his wife really did
nearly all the printing. They worked fantastically hard and effectively. Without them, the
book wouldn't exist. So though we say thank you to the Pilwats, no words can express our
deep gratitude to them.
Julich, July 1974 J. Dainty
U. Zimmermann
Contents
Session 1 Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Membrane Transport
Chairman: P. Meares
P. Meares: Permeation through lon-Exchange Membranes 3
D. Woermann: Transport Processes across Membranes with Narrow
Pores ...................................................... 16
J. Meyer, F. Sauer, and D. Woermann: Coupling of Mass Transfer
and Chemical Reaction across an Asymmetric Sandwich Membrane ...... 28
M.S. Seshadri: Multiple Steady States in a Reaction-Diffusion
Coupled System ............................................. 36
H. Schanert: On the Problem of Nonstationary Ion Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
H.W. Nurnberg: The Influence of Double Layer Effects on Chemical
Reactions at Charged Interfaces ................................. 48
Round Table Discussion 1
Chairman: O. Kedem .......................................... 54
Session 2 Water Transport and Osmotic Processes
Chairman: A.B. Hope
J. Dainty, H. Vinters, and M.T. Tyree: A Study of Transcellular
Osmosis and the Kinetics of Swelling and Shrinking in Cells of
Chara corallina .............................................. 59
U. Zimmermann and E. Steudle: Hydraulic Conductivity and
Volumetric Elastic Modulus in Giant Algal Cells: Pressure-and
Volume-Dependence .......................................... 64
E. Steudle and U. Zimmermann: Turgor Pressure Regulation in
Algal Cells: Pressure-Dependence of Electrical Parameters of the
Membrane in Large Pressure Ranges .............................. 72
D.F. Hastings and J. Gutknecht: Turgor Pressure Regulation:
Modulation of Active Potassium Transport by Hydrostatic Pressure
Gradients .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79
M.T. Tyree, C. Caldwell, and J. Dainty: The Location and Measurement
of the Resistances to Bulk Water Movement in the Shoots of Hemlock
(Tsuga canadensis) ............................................ 84
H. Kauss: Osmoregulation in Ochromonas ......................... 90
A. Ben-Amotz: Osmoregulation Mechanism in the Halophilic Alga
Dunaliella parva .............................................. 95
VIII
M. Kluge and U. Luttge: The Role of Malic Acid Fluxes in Regulation
of Crassulacean Acid Metabol ism (CAM): Osmoregulation of Efflux
at the Tonoplast ............................................. 101
Round Table Discussion 2
Chairman: J. Dainty .......................................... 102
Session 3 Electrical Properties of Membranes
Chairman: N.A. Walker
C. L. Siayman: Proton Pumping and Generalized Energetics of Trans-
port: A Review .............................................. 107
H. Felle and F.W. Bentrup: Light-Dependent Changes of Membrane
Potential and Conductance in Riccia f/uitans ....................... 120
W.J. Vredenberg: Changes in Transport Determining Electrical
Parameters of Cell and Chloroplast Membranes Associated with
Primary and Associated Photosynthetic Reactions ................... 126
D. Gradmann and W. Klemke: Current-Voltage Relationship of the
Electrogenic Pump in Acetabularia mediterranea .................... 131
U.P. Hansen: Preliminary Results of an Approach to the Quantitative
Description of the Action of Light on the Membrane Potential of
Nitella ..................................................... 139
U. Zimmermann, G. Pilwat, and F. Riemann: Dielectric Breakdown
of Cell Membranes ................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. 146
H.G.L. Coster and J.R. Smith: The Effect of pH on the Low Frequency
Capacitance of the Membranes of Chara corallina .................... 154
Round Table Discussion 3
Chairmen: C. Gillet and F.W. Bentrup ............................. 162
Session 4 Solute Transport in Algae and Cellsuspension Cultures
Chairman: N. Higinbotham
J.A. Raven: Time Course of Chloride Fluxes in Hydrodictyon
africanum during Alternating Light and Darkness .................... 167
N.A. Walker: Chloride Transport to the Charophyte Vacuole ........... 173
C.E. Barr, M.S. Koh, and Th.E. Ryan: NH3 Efflux as a Means
for Measuring H+ Extrusion in Nitella ............................. 180
G. Wagner: Light-Dependent Ion Fluxes in Mougeotia: Control
by Photosynthesis, not by Phytochrome ........................... 186
G.R. Findenegg: Carbonic Anhydrase and the Driving Force of
Light-Dependent Uptake of CI-and HC03- by Scenedesmus ............ 192
R.F. Davis: Photoinduced Changes in Electrical Potentials and H+
Activities of the Chloroplast, Cytoplasm, and Vacuole of
Phaeoceros laevis ............................................. 197
W. Tanner, D. Haass, M. Decker, E. Loos, B. Komor, and E. Komor:
Active Hexose Transport in Chlorella vulgaris ....................... 202
E. Komor and W. Tanner: Proton Movement Associated with Hexose
Transport in Chlorella vulgaris ................................... 209
IX
B. Jeanjean and G. Ducet: Carrier Turnover and Phosphate Uptake
in Chlorella pyrenoidosa ....................................... 216
W. Simonis, T. Bornefeld, J. Lee-Kaden, and K. Majumdar:
Phosphate Uptake and Photophosphorylation in the Blue-Green Alga
Anacystis nidulans ............................................ 220
L.F. Jaffe, K.R. Robinson, and R. Nuccitelli: Transcellular
Currents and Ion Fluxes through Developing Fucoid Eggs ............. 226
A Thoiron, B. Thoiron, J. Le Guiel, J. Guern, and M. Thellier:
A Shock Effect on the Permeabil ity to Sulphate of Acer pseudo-
platanus Cell-Suspension Cultures ................................ 234
R. Heller, C. Grignon, and J.-P. Rona: Importance of the Cell
Wall in the Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Ions in Free Cells of
Acer pseudoplatanus, L. ....................................... 239
Round Table Discussion 4
Chairman: L.F. Jaffe .......................................... 244
Session 5 Transport in Isolated Chloroplasts
Chairman: H. Ziegler
M. Avron: Proton Transport and its Relation to Energy Conservation
in Isolated Chloroplasts ........................................ 249
AB. Hope and W.S. Chow: Proton Transport and the High-Energy
State in Isolated Chloroplasts ................................... 256
W. Junge, W. Auslander, and A Eckhof: Structural Aspects of the
Electrochemical Generator in Photosynthesis of Green Plants ........... 264
G.H. Krause: Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence Reflects Cation
Transfer across Thylakoid Membranes ............................. 274
J. Barber and A Telfer: Ionic Regulation in Chloroplasts as
Monitored by Prompt and Delayed Chlorophyll Fluorescence .......... 281
P.S. Nobel: Ch loroplast Reflection Coefficients: I nfluence of
Partition Coefficients, Carriers, and Membrane Phase Transitions 289
Round Table Discussion 5
Chairman: P.S. Nobel .......................................... 296
Session 6 A TPases and Transport
Chairman: J. Willenbrink
N.E. Balke, Heven Sze, R.T. Leonard, and T.K. Hodges: Cation
Sensitivity of the Plasma Membrane ATPase of Oat Roots ............. 301
R.A Leigh, R.G. Wyn Jones, and F.A Williamson: Ion Fluxes
and lon-Stimulated ATPase Activities ............................. 307
J.B. Hanson: On the Reversible ATPase of Plant Mitochondria .......... 317
M. Kahr and A Kylin: Effects of Divalent Cations and Oligomycin
on Membrane ATPases from Roots of Wheat and Oat in Relation to
Salt Status and Cultivation ..................................... 321
x
Session 7 Kinetics of Transport
Chairman: F. FLihr
M.S. Vange, K. Holmern, and P. Nissen: Uptake of Sulphate by
Barley Roots: Separate Sites for Uptake and Phase Transitions .......... 329
W.J. Cram: Influx Isotherms - their Interpretation and Use ............ 334
R.A. Shtarkshall and L. Reinhold: Multiphasic Amino Acid
Transport in Leaf Cells ........................................ 338
S.M. Mertz, Jr. and N. Higinbotham: The Cellular Electro-
potential Isotherm as Related to the Kinetic K+ Absorption
Isotherm in Low-salt Barley Roots ............................... 343
Round Table Discussion 6 and 7
Chairmen: M.G. Pitman and W. Tanner ............................ 347
Session 8 Transport in Organs of Higher Plants
Chairman: M. Thellier
U. LLittge: Co-Operation of Organs in Intact Higher Plants:
A Review ................................................... 353
A. Uiuchli, D. Kramer, and R. Stelzer: Ultrastructure and Ion
Localization in Xylem Parenchyma Cells of Roots ................... 363
H. Ziegler: What Do We Know about the Function of Plasmodesmata
in Transcellular Transport? ..................................... 372
F.A. Smith and J.A. Raven: H+ Fluxes, Cytoplasmic pH and the
Control of Salt Accumulation in Plants ............................ 380
D.J.F. Bowling: Measurement of Intracellular pH in Roots Using
a H+ Sensitive Microelectrode ................................... 386
M.G. Pitman, N. Schaefer, and R.A. Wildes: Effect of Abscisic
Acid on Fluxes of Ions in Barley Roots ........................... , 391
W.D. Jeschke: The Effect of Inhibitors on the K+-Dependent
Na+ Efflux and the K+-Na+ Selectivity of Barley Roots ................ 397
N. Higinbotham and W.S. Pierce: Potassium Uptake with Respect to
Cation-Anion Balance in Pea Epicotyl Segments ..................... 406
D.L. Hendrix and N. Higinbotham: Heavy Metals and Sulphhydryl
Reagents as Probes of Ion Uptake in Pea Stem ...................... 412
K. Ichino, K. Katou, and H. Okamoto: Effect of Gas Partial
Pressure on the Electrogenic Mechanism of Plant Cell Membranes ....... 418
Round Table Discussion 8
Chairman: N. Higinbotham ..................................... 423
Session 9 Regulating Factors in Membrane Transport
Chairman: A. Uiuchli
M. Weisenseel and W. Haupt: The Photomorphogenic Pigment
Phytochrome: A Membrane Effector? ............................ 427
E. Schafer: Evidence for Binding of Phytochrome to Membranes ........ 435
XI
J.C. Collins: Hormonal Control of Ion and Water Transport
in the Excised Maize Root ...................................... 441
G.A. Robertson and B.C. Loughman: Modification of Phosphate
Transport in Vicia faba by Boron Deficiency, Growth Regulators,
and Metabolic Inhibitors ....................................... 444
R.F.M. Van Steveninck: Hormonal Regulation of Ion Transport
in Parenchyma Tissue ......................................... 450
R. Hertel: Auxin Transport and in vitro Auxin Binding ............... 457
Round Table Discussion 9
Chairmen: L. Bergman and R.F.M. Van Steveninck 462
Subject Index ......................................................... 465