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Methods in Molecular Biology 1635 Jean-Jacques Lacapere Editor Membrane Protein Structure and Function Characterization Methods and Protocols M M B ETHODS IN OLECULAR IO LO GY SeriesEditor JohnM.Walker School of Lifeand MedicalSciences University ofHertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire,AL109AB,UK Forfurther volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 Membrane Protein Structure and Function Characterization Methods and Protocols Edited by Jean-Jacques Lacapere Sorbonne Universités—UPMC Univ Paris 06 École Normale Supérieure—PSL Research University Département de Chimie, CNRS UMR 7203 LBM, Paris, France Editor Jean-JacquesLacapere SorbonneUniversite´s—UPMCUnivParis06, E´coleNormaleSupe´rieure—PSLResearchUniversity De´partementdeChimie,CNRSUMR7203LBM Paris,France ISSN1064-3745 ISSN1940-6029 (electronic) MethodsinMolecularBiology ISBN978-1-4939-7149-7 ISBN978-1-4939-7151-0 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4939-7151-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017943682 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction onmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation, computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulations andthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedto betrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisHumanaPressimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,U.S.A. Preface Membraneproteinsareessentialcomponentsofbiologicalprocessessuchasions,metabolites or water transport, signal transduction, sensing cell environment, and control of cell-cell contact. Dysfunction of these proteins induces numerous human pathologies like cystic fibrosis which originates from a genetic disorder that is linked to the most common case to the deletion of one amino acid. Many other disorders like cancers and inflammatory diseases occur through cell-cell communications and involve membrane proteins. Althoughmanystudieshavebeenperformedtocharacterizemembraneproteins,there isalackofinformationuponthisclassofproteinsbothintermsofstructuresandfunction. Oneofthebottlenecksisthelowabundanceoftheseproteinsinnativemembranes,making difficult the characterization and the study of their function. To overcome this difficulty, overexpression in various systems has gained increasing interest over the last decades, leading, in particular, to the production of sufficient amounts for structural studies. Although thenumberofhighresolution structuresofmembraneproteins hasincreased, it remainswellbelowthatofsolubleproteins. Somemembraneproteinshavebeeneasilyoverexpressed,butitisnotacommoncase. Expression remains challenging especially for mammalian proteins compared to bacterial ones, the former often requiring molecular chaperones to fold correctly, and post- translational modifications to befunctional. This volumeaddresses different approaches to produce membrane proteins, to purify them, to verify their function, to determine their structure,andtomodeltheminmembrane.Sinceeverymembraneproteinbehavesmostly inauniqueway,knowledgeofguidelinesandtricksmayhelptoincreasechancestoexpress, purify,andcharacterizeapeculiarmembraneprotein.Productionofcorrectlyfoldedprotein remains a challenge.Moreover, getting a functional and stableprotein requires optimizing membranemimickingenvironmentsthatcanbedetergentorartificialmembranes.Insome cases,thefindingofthecorrectligandthatwillstabilizethedesiredconformationisneeded. In other cases, stabilization can be obtained using specific antibodies. This volume also presentsdifferenttechniquestoanalyzethefunctionalstatusofmembraneproteins. Recent progresses in structural biology of membrane proteins are described using examples for the main approaches that are electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and bioinformatic computing. The new detector used for electron microscopes has increased resolution gained from either two-dimensional crystals or single particles. X-Ray free electron laser has permit to get high resolution structures using micron-size crystals. Solid-state NMR study gives de novo atomic structure of low molecular weight membrane proteins reconstituted in liposomes, but only spectral finger- prints of larger proteins. Recent developments in computing both from computer power (hardware)andfromalgorithms(software)havemadepossiblemoleculardynamicsoflarger membraneproteinsattimescalescompatiblewithconformationalchangesinthemillisecond range. Structure-based drug design is a reality for membrane proteins in a close-to-native environment. Paris,France Jean-JacquesLacapere v Contents Preface ..................................................................... v Contributors................................................................. ix 1 RecombinantOverexpressionofMammalianTSPOIsoforms1and2......... 1 LucileSenicourt,SoriaIatmanen-Harbi,ClaudeHattab, MarianoAnibalOstuni,Marie-FranceGiraud,andJean-JacquesLacapere 2 FunctionalAssemblyofSolubleandMembraneRecombinantProteins ofMammalianNADPHOxidaseComplex................................. 27 HajerSouabni,AymenEzzine,TaniaBizouarn,andLauraBaciou 3 DirectExtractionandPurificationofRecombinantMembrane ProteinsfromPichiapastorisProtoplasts................................... 45 LucieHartmann,EstelleMetzger,Noe´mieOttelard, andRenaudWagner 4 Cell-FreeExpressionfor theStudyofHydrophobicProteins: TheExampleofYeastATP-SynthaseSubunits.............................. 57 IsabelleLarrieu,JamesTolchard,CorinneSanchez,EdmondYazoKone, AlexandreBarras,ClaireStines-Chaumeil,BenoıˆtOdaert, andMarie-FranceGiraud 5 WheatGermCell-FreeOverexpressionfor theProduction ofMembraneProteins................................................... 91 Marie-Laure Fogeron,Aure´lieBadillo,Franc¸oisPenin, andAnjaB¨ockmann 6 Methyl-SpecificIsotopeLabelingStrategiesforNMRStudies ofMembraneProteins................................................... 109 ViliusKurauskas,PaulSchanda,andRemySounier 7 LabelingofMembraneComplexesforElectronMicroscopy.................. 125 FrancescaGubelliniandRe´miFronzes 8 Expression,Biochemistry,andStabilizationwithCamel AntibodiesofMembraneProteins:CaseStudy oftheMouse5-HT3Receptor ........................................... 139 Ghe´riciHassa¨ıne,Ce´dricDeluz,LuiginoGrasso,RomainWyss, RuudHovius,HenningStahlberg,TakashiTomizaki,AlineDesmyter, ChristopheMoreau,LuciePeclinovska,SonjaMinniberger, LamiaMebarki,Xiao-DanLi,HorstVogel,andHuguesNury 9 CharacterizationofNewDetergentsandDetergentMimetics byScatteringTechniquesforMembraneProteinCrystallization .............. 169 Franc¸oiseBonnete´ andPatrickJ.Loll 10 SecondaryStructureDeterminationbyMeansofATR-FTIRSpectroscopy .... 195 BatoulSrour,StefanBruechert,SusanaL.A.Andrade, andPetraHellwig vii viii Contents 11 NativeMassSpectrometryfor theCharacterizationofStructure andInteractionsofMembraneProteins.................................... 205 JeroenF.vanDyck,AlbertKonijnenberg,andFrankSobott 12 MassSpectrometryofMitochondrialMembraneProteinComplexes.......... 233 LucNegroni,MichelZivy,andClaireLemaire 13 FunctionalStudiesonMembraneProteinsbyMeans ofH/DExchangeinInfrared:StructuralChangesinNa+NQR fromV.choleraeinthePresenceofLipids.................................. 247 YashvinNeehaul,SebastienKriegel,BlancaBarquera, andPetraHellwig 14 ReconstitutionofMembraneProteinsinLiposomes ........................ 259 AliceVerche`re,IsabelleBroutin,andMartinPicard 15 IonChannelsasReportersofMembraneReceptorFunction: AutomatedAnalysisinXenopusOocytes................................... 283 MichelVivaudou,ZlatomirTodorov,GinaCatalinaReyes-Mejia, andChristopheMoreau 16 TheCRACAMRobot:Two-DimensionalCrystallization ofMembraneProtein ................................................... 303 PhilippeRosier,Fre´de´ricGe´le´bart,NicolasDumesnil, GauthierEsnot,ManuelaDezi,MarcMorand, andCatherineVe´nien-Bryan 17 ReconstitutionofMembraneProteinsintoNanodiscs forSingle-ParticleElectronMicroscopy ................................... 317 LaetitiaDaury,Jean-ChristopheTaveau,DimitriSalvador, MarieGlavier,andOlivierLambert 18 Solid-StateNMRofMembraneProteinReconstituted inProteoliposomes,theCaseofTSPO .................................... 329 LucileSenicourt,LuminitaDuma,VassiliosPapadopoulos, andJean-JacquesLacapere 19 SamplePreparationforMembraneProteinStructural StudiesbySolid-StateNMR.............................................. 345 DenisLacabanne,BrittaKunert,CaroleGardiennet, BeatH.Meier,andAnjaB¨ockmann 20 SimulationofLigandBindingtoMembraneProteins ....................... 359 SamuelMurail 21 MolecularModelingofTransporters:FromLow ResolutionCryo-ElectronMicroscopyMaptoConformational Exploration.TheExampleofTSPO....................................... 383 AuroreVaitinadapouleandCatherineEtchebest Index...................................................................... 417 Contributors SUSANAL.A.ANDRADE (cid:1) BIOSSCentreforBiologicalSignallingStudies,Freiburg,Germany; Institutfu€rBiochemie,Albert-Ludwigs-Universita€tFreiburg,Freiburg,Germany LAURA BACIOU (cid:1) LaboratoiredeChimiePhysique,UMR8000CNRSUniversite´ ParisSud, Universite´ ParisSaclay,Orsaycedex,France AURE´LIE BADILLO (cid:1) InstitutdeBiologieetChimiedesProte´ines,MolecularMicrobiologyand StructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect,UMR5086CNRS,Universite´ deLyon,Lyon, France BLANCABARQUERA (cid:1) DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,Center forBiotechnology andInterdisciplinaryStudies,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,Troy,NY,USA ALEXANDREBARRAS (cid:1) SysTEMM,IBGC,CNRS,UMR5095,IBGC,Bordeaux,France; CNRS,UMR5248,CBMN,Universite´ deBordeaux,Pessac,France TANIABIZOUARN (cid:1) LaboratoiredeChimiePhysique,UMR8000CNRSUniversite´ParisSud, Universite´ ParisSaclay,Orsaycedex,France ANJABO¨CKMANN (cid:1) InstitutdeBiologieetChimiedesProte´ines,MolecularMicrobiology andStructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect,UMR5086CNRS,Universite´ deLyon, Lyon,France FRANC¸OISE BONNETE (cid:1) IBMMUMR5247CNRS-UM-ENSCM,ChimieBioOrganique etSystemesAmphiphiles,Universited’Avignon,Avignon,France ISABELLEBROUTIN (cid:1) LaboratoiredeCristallographieetRMNBiologiques,Faculte´ de pharmacie,UMR8015CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,Universite´ Paris Descartes,Paris,France STEFANBRUECHERT (cid:1) Institutfu€rBiochemie,Albert-Ludwigs-Universita€tFreiburg, Freiburg,Germany LAETITIADAURY (cid:1) CBMN,UMRCNRS5248,Universite´ deBordeaux,Pessac,France CE´DRICDELUZ (cid:1) LaboratoryofPhysicalChemistryofPolymersandMembranes,Ecole PolytechniqueFe´de´raledeLausanne,Lausanne,Switzerland ALINE DESMYTER (cid:1) ArchitectureetFonctiondesMacromole´culesBiologiques,Unite´ Mixtede Recherche7257CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,Aix-Marseille,France MANUELA DEZI (cid:1) IMPMC,UMR7590,UPMC-MNHN-IRD,Paris,France LUMINITADUMA (cid:1) CNRSEnzymeandCellEngineeringLaboratory,SorbonneUniversite´s, Universite´ deTechnologiedeCompie`gne,Compie`gneCedex,France NICOLAS DUMESNIL (cid:1) IMPMC,UMR7590,UPMC-MNHN-IRD,Paris,France JEROENF.VANDYCK (cid:1) BiomolecularandAnalyticalMassSpectrometryGroup,Chemistry Department,UniversityofAntwerp,Antwerp,Belgium GAUTHIERESNOT (cid:1) IMPMC,UMR7590,UPMC-MNHN-IRD,Paris,France CATHERINEETCHEBEST (cid:1) Unite´ INSERMUMRS1134,InstitutNationaldelaTransfusion Sanguine,Universite´ Paris7DenisDiderot,Paris,France AYMEN EZZINE (cid:1) LaboratoiredeChimiePhysique,UMR8000CNRSUniversite´ ParisSud, Universite´ ParisSaclay,Orsaycedex,France MARIE-LAUREFOGERON (cid:1) InstitutdeBiologieetChimiedesProte´ines,MolecularMicrobiology andStructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect,UMR5086CNRS,Universite´deLyon,Lyon, France ix x Contributors RE´MIFRONZES (cid:1) Unite´G5Biologiestructuraledelase´cre´tionbacte´rienne,InstitutPasteur, Paris,France;UMR3528,CNRS,InstitutPasteur,Paris,France;EuropeanInstituteof ChemistryandBiology,UniversityofBordeaux,Pessac,France;CNRSUMR5234 MicrobiologieFondamentaleetPathoge´nicite,Paris,France CAROLEGARDIENNET (cid:1) MolecularMicrobiologyandStructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect, UMR5086CNRS–Universite´ deLyon,Lyon,France;CRM2,UMR7036,CNRS, Universite´ deLorraine,Vandoeuvre-le`s-Nancy,France FRE´DE´RIC GE´LE´BART (cid:1) IMPMC,UMR7590,UPMC-MNHN-IRD,Paris,France MARIE-FRANCE GIRAUD (cid:1) SysTEMM,IBGC,CNRS,UMR5095,Bordeaux,France; Universite´ deBordeaux,Bordeaux,France MARIEGLAVIER (cid:1) CBMN,UMRCNRS5248,Universite´ deBordeaux,Pessac,France LUIGINOGRASSO (cid:1) LaboratoryofPhysicalChemistryofPolymersandMembranes,Ecole PolytechniqueFe´de´raledeLausanne,Lausanne,Switzerland FRANCESCAGUBELLINI (cid:1) Unite´ G5Biologiestructuraledelase´cre´tionbacte´rienne, UMR3528CNRS,InstitutPasteur,Paris,France;UMR3528,CNRS,InstitutPasteur, Paris,France;Unite´ deMicrobiologieStructurale,InstitutPasteur,Paris,France LUCIE HARTMANN (cid:1) BiotechnologyandCellSignalling,IMPReSsProteinFacility, UMR7242CNRS-UniversityofStrasbourg,Illkirch,France GHE´RICIHASSA¨INE (cid:1) Theranyx,Marseille,France CLAUDEHATTAB (cid:1) UMR-S1134,IntegratedBiologyofRedBloodCells,Inserm,Universite´ ParisDiderot,SorbonneParisCite´,InstitutNationaldelaTransfusionSanguine, Laboratoired’ExcellenceGR-Ex,Paris,France PETRA HELLWIG (cid:1) LaboratoiredeBioe´lectrochimieetSpectroscopie,UMR7140CNRS, ChimiedelaMatie`reComplexe,Universite´ deStrasbourg,Strasbourg,France RUUDHOVIUS (cid:1) LaboratoryofPhysicalChemistryofPolymersandMembranes, EcolePolytechniqueFe´de´raledeLausanne,Lausanne,Switzerland SORIAIATMANEN-HARBI (cid:1) SorbonneUniversite´s—UPMCUnivParis06,E´coleNormale Supe´rieure—PSLResearchUniversity,De´partementdeChimie,CNRSUMR7203LBM, Paris,France ALBERTKONIJNENBERG (cid:1) BiomolecularandAnalyticalMassSpectrometryGroup,Chemistry Department,UniversityofAntwerp,Antwerp,Belgium SEBASTIENKRIEGEL (cid:1) LaboratoiredeBioe´lectrochimieetSpectroscopie,UMR7140CNRS, Chimiedelamatie`recomplexe,Universite´ deStrasbourg,Strasbourg,France BRITTAKUNERT (cid:1) MolecularMicrobiologyandStructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect, UMR5086CNRS,Universite´ deLyon,Lyon,France VILIUSKURAUSKAS (cid:1) Universite´ GrenobleAlpes,InstitutdeBiologieStructurale(IBS), Grenoble,France;CNRS,IBS,Grenoble,France;CEA,IBS,Grenoble,France DENIS LACABANNE (cid:1) MolecularMicrobiologyandStructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect, UMR5086CNRS,Universite´ deLyon,Lyon,France JEAN-JACQUESLACAPERE (cid:1) SorbonneUniversite´s—UPMCUnivParis06,E´coleNormale Supe´rieure—PSLResearchUniversity,De´partementdeChimie,CNRSUMR7203LBM, Paris,France OLIVIER LAMBERT (cid:1) CBMN,UMRCNRS5248,Universite´ deBordeaux,Pessac,France ISABELLELARRIEU (cid:1) SysTEMM,CNRS,UMR5095,IBGC,Bordeaux,France;Universite´ de Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France CLAIRELEMAIRE (cid:1) CNRS-UMR9198,CEA-IBITECS,Universite´ Paris-Sud,I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette,France Contributors xi XIAO-DANLI (cid:1) LaboratoryofBiomolecularResearch,PaulScherrerInstitute, Villigen,Switzerland PATRICKJ.LOLL (cid:1) DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,DrexelUniversity CollegeofMedicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA LAMIA MEBARKI (cid:1) Theranyx,Marseille,France BEATH.MEIER (cid:1) PhysicalChemistry,ETHZurich,Zurich,Switzerland ESTELLEMETZGER (cid:1) BiotechnologyandCellSignalling,IMPReSsProteinFacility, UMR7242CNRS-UniversityofStrasbourg,Illkirch,France SONJAMINNIBERGER (cid:1) Universite´ GrenobleAlpes,CNRS,CEA,CNRS,IBS,Grenoble, France MARCMORAND (cid:1) IMPMC,UMR7590,UPMC-MNHN-IRD,Paris,France CHRISTOPHEMOREAU (cid:1) Univ.GrenobleAlpes,CNRS,CEA,CNRS,IBS,Grenoble,France SAMUELMURAIL (cid:1) LaboratoiredeBiochimieThe´orique,CNRS,UPR9080,UniversityParis Diderot,SorbonneParisCite´,Paris,France;AirLiquide,CentredeRecherchesParis- Saclay,Jouy-en-Josas,France YASHVINNEEHAUL (cid:1) LaboratoiredeBioe´lectrochimieetSpectroscopie,UMR7140, ChimiedelaMatie`reComplexe,Universite´ deStrasbourg,Strasbourg,France;Mauritius OceanographyInstitute,Albion,Mauritius LUCNEGRONI (cid:1) CNRS-UMR5248,Universite´ deBordeaux,Bordeaux,France;IGBMC, CNRS-UMR7104,Illkirch,France HUGUESNURY (cid:1) Universite´ GrenobleAlpes,CNRS,CEA,CNRS,IBS,Grenoble,France BENOIˆTODAERT (cid:1) CBMN,CNRS,UMR5248,Pessac,France;Universite´ deBordeaux, Pessac,France MARIANO ANIBALOSTUNI (cid:1) UMR-S1134,IntegratedBiologyofRedBloodCells,Inserm, Universite´ ParisDiderot,SorbonneParisCite´,InstitutNationaldelaTransfusion Sanguine,Laboratoired’ExcellenceGR-Ex,Paris,France NOE´MIEOTTELARD (cid:1) BiotechnologyandCellSignalling,IMPReSsProteinFacility, UMR7242CNRS-UniversityofStrasbourg,Illkirch,France VASSILIOS PAPADOPOULOS (cid:1) TheResearchInstituteoftheMcGill,UniversityHealthCenter, Montreal,Quebec,Canada;DepartmentofMedicine,McGillUniversity,Montreal, Quebec,Canada LUCIE PECLINOVSKA (cid:1) Universite´ GrenobleAlpes,CNRS,CEA,CNRS,IBS,Grenoble, France FRANC¸OIS PENIN (cid:1) InstitutdeBiologieetChimiedesProte´ines,MolecularMicrobiologyand StructuralBiochemistry,LabexEcofect,UMR5086CNRS,Universite´ deLyon,Lyon, France MARTINPICARD (cid:1) LaboratoiredeBiologiePhysico-ChimiquedesProte´inesMembranaires, UMR7099,InstitutdeBiologiePhysico-Chimique,FRC550,CentreNationaldela RechercheScientifique,Universite´ Paris7,Paris,France GINACATALINAREYES-MEJIA (cid:1) Universite´ GrenobleAlpes,InstitutdeBiologieStructurale (IBS),Grenoble,France;CNRS,IBS,LabExICST,Grenoble,France;CEA,IBS, Grenoble,France PHILIPPEROSIER (cid:1) InstitutdeMine´ralogie,PhysiquedesMate´riauxetCosmochimie,UMR 7590CNRS-UPMC-MNHN-IRDCaseCourrier115,Paris,France DIMITRISALVADOR (cid:1) CBMN,UMRCNRS5248,Universite´ deBordeaux,Pessac,France CORINNESANCHEZ (cid:1) SysTEMM,IBGC,CNRS,UMR5095,Bordeaux,France;Universite´de Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France

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