Membrane lipidomics for personalized health

207 Pages·2015·4.718 MB·English

by  Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos, Ferreri, Carla

Membrane Lipidomics for
Personalized Health

Membrane Lipidomics for
Personalized Health
Carla Ferreri
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity,
Italy
Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”,
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Greece
This edition first published 2015
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ,
United Kingdom
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about
how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website
at www.wiley.com.
The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the
prior permission of the publisher.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print
may not be available in electronic books.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All
brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product
or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts
in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is
not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable
for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services
of a competent professional should be sought.
The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. In view of
ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant
flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader
is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for
each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the
instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. The fact that an
organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further
information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization
or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that
Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was
written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements
for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Ferreri, Carla, author.
Membrane lipidomics for personalized health / Carla Ferreri and Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-54041-1 (cloth) – ISBN 978-1-118-54032-9 (pbk.)
I. Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos, author. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Fatty Acids–metabolism. 2. Membrane Lipids–metabolism. 3. Individualized
Medicine. 4. Metabolomics–methods. 5. Nutritional Physiological Phenomena. QU 85.6]
QP752.F35
612.3′97–dc23
2015016361
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 10.5/13pt Sabon by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
1 2015
Dedicated to our son Alexandros and
daughter Raffaella, who made our lives
complete with love

Contents
About the Authors xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations xix
Part I Molecular and Nutritional Basis of Cell
Membranes and Lipidomics 1
1 Membranes for Life and Life for Membranes 3
1.1 Cell Membranes: The Role of Fatty
Acids and the Exclusion of Trans Isomers 3
1.2 Organization and Homeostasis 11
1a In Depth: The Formation of a Cell Membrane 16
1b In Depth: Cholesterol and Membranes 17
1c In Depth: Lipid Rafts 19
2 Fatty Acid Families: Metabolism and Nutrition 21
2.1 Saturated Fatty Acids: Biosynthesis and
Dietary Regulation 23
2.2 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids:
The Importance to be cis 28
2a In Depth: The key Steps of Phospholipid
Synthesis 31
2b In Depth: Biosynthesis of the Double
Bond and Desaturase Features 34
2.3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Essentiality
for Human Cells 37
viii COnTEnTS
Concepts’ Summary 38
S1 Beware of the nutritional Label! 38
S2 The Optimal Values of Fatty Acids in Tissues 38
S3 Structural Role of Fatty Acids 40
3 Essential Fatty Acids 41
3.1 The Omega‐6 and Omega‐3 Families:
Cascades and Regulation 42
3a In Depth: The Definition of
Omega‐6 and Omega‐3 48
3b The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in
Cell Membrane Remodeling 50
3c In Depth: How do you Define an
Inflammatory Pathway? 55
3.2 The Balance Between Omega‐6 and Omega‐3
Pathways: nutritional and Metabolic Considerations 56
3.3 Food and Membranes: A Virtuous Cycle 60
4 Free Radicals and Lipids:
Trans and Oxidized Fatty Acids 65
4.1 Trans Fatty Acids for Humans:
The nutritional Intake 66
4.2 Endogenous Sources of Trans Fatty
Acids by Free Radical Stress 71
4.3 Free Radicals and Lipid Oxidation:
The Threshold for Health 73
4.4 Lipoproteins and Development of 
Markers for Lipid Reactivity 79
4a In Depth: Oleic versus Linoleic Acid
Reactivity with Free Radicals 83
Concepts’ Summary 84
S1 Fatty Acid Geometry: A “Radical” Change 84
S2 Antioxidants for Membranes 85
Part II Membrane Lipidomics for Personalized Health 87
5 What Is Lipidomics for Health 89
5.1 The Birth of the Postgenomics Era 89
5.2 Lipidomics in the Postgenomic Era 92
5.3 Fatty Acids Involved in Membrane and
Mediator Lipidomics 93