Membrane Abnormalities In Hypertension PDF
Preview Membrane Abnormalities In Hypertension
Membrane Abnormalities in Hypertension Volume I Editor Chiu-Yin Kwan, Ph.D. Professor Department of Biomedical Sciences McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2019 by CRC Press © 1989 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an lnforma business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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ISBN 13: 978-0-367-25723-1 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-429-28944-6 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To my parents, my wife, and my children PREFACE During the past decade, derangement of membrane functions in cardiovascular tissues has been recognized to be closely associated with the development of primary hypertension both in animals and in humans. These membrane abnormalities included the handling (e.g., binding, transport, and channels) of ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Cl~, and Ca2+), the interactions (e.g., affinity, density, and modulation) between membrane receptors and physiologically relevent vasoactive ligands (e.g., angiotensin II, catecholamines, and atrial natriuretic pep- tides), and properties of membrane-associated enzymes (e.g., those responsible for ion transport, receptor activation, and signal transduction or other unknown functions). It is evident that a wealth of information about membrane abnormalities in hypertension has accumulated in recent years and yet they are rather fragmented in the literature. Some of the membrane dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle may account for the altered vascular reactivity leading to elevated peripheral resistance in sustained hypertension. Some membrane abnormalities were also found in tissues and cell types not confined to the cardiovascular system. Conceivably, genetic factors also contribute to the multiplicity of membrane dis- orders in the development of primary hypertension. The nature of membrane abnormalities has varied considerably depending upon the mode and duration of hypertension and the methodology employed. Since the membrane basis of hypertension has become a rapidly developing area of research in this field, it seemed appropriate at this time to put together the essential information specifically on the nature, mechanisms, and significance of the membrane abnormalities in relation to the etiology of hypertensive diseases. It is my primary intention to present to newcomers as well as experienced researchers in this area, by way of contributions from various authors with a broad spectrum of expertise, a current understanding of the representative experimental approaches, methodological tech- niques, and proposed hypotheses on the membrane basis of hypertension. In light of the rapidity and diversity in the development of hypertension research, it is likely that contro- versies and inadequacies still exist. The authors have been encouraged to discuss and express their personal views on such controversies to provoke new ideas or different perspectives for the reader. I would like to thank all the contributing authors for their unfailing efforts and patience during the various stages of preparation of this book. The skillful secretarial assistance from Ms. C. Bandomir is highly appreciated. I particularly thank Professor E. E. Daniel for his persistent support and encouragement. Chiu-Yin Kwan THE EDITOR Chiu-Yin Kwan, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and a founding member of the Smooth Muscle Research Program at the McMaster University Health Science Center in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Kwan received his B.Sc. Degree in Chemistry in 1969 from Chu-Hai College, Hong Kong and obtained his M.Sc. Degree in Physical Chemistry in 1971 from Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He completed his Ph.D. training in Biological Chemistry in 1976 from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. After doing postdoctoral work at the Department of Neurosciences, McMaster University, he was appointed an Assistant Professor in 1980 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1984 and to Professor in 1988 in the same institute. Dr. Kwan is a member of the Pharmacology Society of Canada and Canadian Hypertension Society. He is serving on the Grants Committee of the Medical Research Council of Canada. He was a Research Fellow of the Canadian Heart Foundation and is a Senior Research Fellow of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. He has been the recipient of many research grants from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Canadian Diabetes As- sociation, and Medical Research Council of Canada. Dr. Kwan is the author or coauthor of more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals of biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacological sciences. He also contributed review papers or chapters in 15 books. His major research interests have been in the membrane basis of smooth muscle function in health and diseases with special reference to vascular smooth muscle. CONTRIBUTORS Christian Aalkjaer, M.D. Ok Hwang Lecturer Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biophysics University of Miami School of Medicine University of Aarhus Miami, Florida Aarhus, Denmark Anthony Johns Kyuzo Aoki, M.D. Department of Pharmacology Associate Professor Berlex Laboratories, Inc. Second Department of Internal Medicine Cedar Knolls, New Jersey Nagoya City University Medical School Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan Chiu-Yin Kwan, Ph.D. Professor Department of Biomedical Sciences Cynthia Cauvin, Ph.D. McMaster University Health Science Department of Preclinical Research Center Sandoz Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Basel, Switzerland Thomas W. Lategan, D.Phil. Donald W. Cheung, Ph.D. Drug Regulatory Affairs Associate Professor Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Department of Pharmacology Basel, Switzerland University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Michael J. Mulvany, Ph.D. Lecturer Biophysics Institute David L. Clough, Ph.D. Aarhus University Associate Professor Aarhus, Denmark Department of Physiology Uniformed Services University Mortilal B. Pamnani, M.D., Ph.D. Bethesda, Maryland Associate Professor Department of Physiology Uniformed Services University Craig Gelband, Ph.D. Candidate Bethesda, Maryland Graduate Student Department of Pharmacology Cornelis van Breemen, Ph.D. University of Miami School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Miami, Florida University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida Francis J. Haddy, M.D., Ph.D. Professor Mieko-Kai Yamamoto Department of Physiology Department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University University of Miami School of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland Miami, Florida TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I Chapter 1 Electrophysiological Properties of Vascular Smooth Muscle in Hypertension...................1 Donald W. Cheung Chapter 2 Alterations of Sodium Transport in Vascular Smooth Muscle in Hypertension...............15 Francis J. Haddy, Motilal B. Pamnani, and David L. Clough Chapter 3 Sodium and Calcium Metabolism in Resistance Vessels in Hypertension..........................31 Christian Aalkjaer and Michael J. Mulvany Chapter 4 Sodium: Calcium Exchange and Hypertension......................................................................59 Thomas W. Lategan Chapter 5 Development of the Calcium-Membrane Theory of Essential Hypertension....................79 Kyuzo Aoki Chapter 6 Abnormalities of Vascular Muscle Membranes in Hypertension with Special Reference to Calcium Handling.....................................................................................................................115 Chiu-Yin Kwan Chapter 7 Ca2+Movements in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Their Alterations in Hypertension ... 145 Cynthia Cauvin, Anthony Johns, Mieko Kai Yamamoto, Ok Hwang, Craig Gelband, and Cornelis van Breemen Index.............................................................................................................................................181 Volume II Chapter 1 Pathophysiological Changes of the Membrane System of the Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells................................................................................................................................. 1 Hiroyuki Ito Chapter 2 Adrenoceptors and Their Alterations in Hypertension..........................................................23 Devendra K. Agrawal, Kazimiers R. Borkowski, and Edwin E. Daniel Chapter 3 Receptors for Angiotensin II and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Hypertension...................59 Ernesto L. Schiffrin Chapter 4 Alterations of Cardiac Muscle Membranes in Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus.........91 Clayton E. Heyliger, Brian Rodrigues, and John H. McNeill Chapter 5 Intestinal Epithelial Calcium Transport in Hypertension.....................................................117 Harold P. Schedl Chapter 6 Cation Transport in Blood Cells from Chinese Patients with Essential Hypertension ... 149 Ding-Liang Zhu, Guang-Sheng Zhao, and Hong Wang Chapter 7 Pathophysiological Aspects for the Effect of Calcium Antagonists in the Treatment of Hypertension.......................................................................................................181 Kyuzo Aoki and Koichi Sato Index.............................................................................................................................................195 Volume I 1 Chapter 1 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HYPERTENSION Donald W. Cheung TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction.........................................................................................................................2 II. Membrane Permeability....................................................................................................2 III. Electrogenic Na-Pump......................................................................................................2 IV. Membrane Potential and Contraction..............................................................................3 V. Physiological Responses Mediated by Electrical Activity...........................................5 VI. Membrane Property Changes in Hypertension.............................................................6 VII. Membrane Potential and Hypertension...........................................................................8 A. In Vitro Studies.....................................................................................................8 B. In Situ Studies......................................................................................................10 VIII. Electrical Responses to Agonist Stimulation in Hypertension..................................10 IX. Future Trends....................................................................................................................10 References 11
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