Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils PDF
Preview Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils
Blood Cell Biochemistry Volume 2 Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils Blood Cell Biochemistry Series Editor J. R. Harris, North East Thames Regional Transfusion Centre, Brentwood, Essex, England Volume I Erythroid Cells Edited by J. R. Harris Volume 2 Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils Edited by J. R. Harris Volume 3 Lymphocytes and Granulocytes Edited by J. R. Harris Volume 4 Basophil and Mast Cell Degranulation and Recovery Ann M. Dvorak A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further informa tion please contact the publisher. Blood Cell Biochemistry Volume 2 Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils Edited by J. R. Harris North East Thames Regional Transfusion Centre Brentwood, Essex, England Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Megakaryocytes, platelets, macrophages, and eosinophils I edited by J.R. Harris. p. em.-- <Blood cell biochemistry: v. 21 Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4757-9533-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-9531-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9531-8 1. Blood platelets. 2. Megakaryocytes. 3. Macrophages. 4. Eosinophi Is. I. Harris, James R. II. Ser1es. QP97.M4 1990 612.1'1--dc20 90-41741 CIP © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors Yoshimitsu Abiko Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentis- try at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan S. J. Ackerman Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA Michael Aviram Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center, and Rap- paport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel Rolande Berthier DRF/Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France Janine Breton-Gorius Unite 91 INSERM, Hospital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France Alain Duperray DRF/Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France Evelyne Dupuy Unite 150 INSERM, Hospital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France Ann M. Dvorak Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA Simon Karpatkin New York University Medical School, New York, New York 10016, USA Gerard Marguerie DRF /Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France Francine Rendu Unite 150 INSERM, Hospital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France Yasuko Shibata Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan v vi Contributors Hisashi Takiguchi Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentis- try at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan P. F. Weller Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA James G. White Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA J, Michael Wilkinson Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Hunterian Institute, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PN, England Preface Blood Cell Biochemistry was initially conceived as part of the Plenum series Subcellular Biochemistry, from which it has developed into a separate series. The present volume is devoted primarily to contributions on megakaryocytes and platelets and, to a lesser extent, to macrophages and eosinophils. The book does not attempt a rigorous or total coverage of the particular topics; it represents the areas of current scientific activity and interest that were selected by the editor at the commencement of this project. In general, the approach has been similar to that adopted for Volume 1 of the series (Erythroid Cells); the same approach will be followed subsequently in Volume 3 (Lymphocytes and Granulocytes). This book opens with a developmentally oriented chapter by Janine Breton-Gorius on megakaryocyte maturation and platelet release in normal conditions, which serves to set the scene ultrastructurally for much of the data that follow. The biosynthesis and process ing of platelet glycoproteins in megakaryocytes is dealt with by Alain Duperray and his colleagues, and thereby provides an in-depth biochemical survey of the megakaryocyte. The applications and strengths of crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the study of platelet membrane proteins is then covered by Simon Karpatkin, and a detailed account of the heredity disorders of platelet function is provided by Francine Rendu and Evelyne Dupuy. An impressive ultrastructural presentation, by James G. White, on the cytoskeleton of human blood platelets is appropriately complemented by the chapter by J. Michael Wilkinson, which describes immunological studies on the platelet cytoskeleton. The two following chapters, on macrophages, deal with the effect of lipoproteins and platelets on macrophage cholesterol metabolism (by Michael Aviram) and on macrophage membrane and macrophage structure and function (by Yasuko Shibata and his colleagues). The final chapter (by Ann M. Dvorak and her colleagues) is a detailed ultrastructural presentation on the morphology and function of human eosinophils. The combination of biochemical and ultrastructural data included within this book, as in the first volume of the series, indicates the strength of this methodological combina tion as a means for providing an overall view to assist our understanding of blood cell structure and function. Although it must be acknowledged that some relevant topics are not included (due either to their absence in the initial list or to authors backing out during production), it is expected that future volumes of the series will rectify such omissions. It vii viii Preface is hoped that this volume will be of use to hematologists, biochemists, and cell biologists whose areas of research fall within the sphere of the topics covered and, in a broader context, to all those interested in blood cells. J. R. Harris Brentwood, Essex, England Contents Chapter 1 Megakaryocyte Maturation and Platelet Release in Normal and Pathologic Conditions Janine Breton-Gorius 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2. Normal Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1. Recognition of Megakaryocyte Progenitors and Precursors . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2. Maturational Stages and Ploidy Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.3. In Vitro Megakaryocyte Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4. Ultrastructural Aspect of Bone Marrow Megakaryocyte Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 2. 5. Platelet Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. Pathological Megakaryocytopoiesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.1. Hereditary Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2. Acquired Malignant Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3. Megakaryoblastic Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 2 Biosynthesis and Processing of Platelet Glycoproteins in Megakaryocytes Alain Duperray, Rolande Berthier, and Gerard Marguerie 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2. Cellular Systems Used in the Study of Megakaryocyte Biochemistry . . . . . . 38 2.1. Purification of Megakaryocytes from Human and Murine Bone Marrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.2. Purification of Megakaryocytes Obtained in Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.3. Murine and Human Megakaryocytic Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3. Glycoproteins of the Platelet Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ix
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