MEGAFLOW - Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design: Results of the second phase of the German CFD initiative MEGAFLOW, presented during its closing symposium at DLR, Braunschweig, Germany, December 10 and 11, 2002 PDF
Preview MEGAFLOW - Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design: Results of the second phase of the German CFD initiative MEGAFLOW, presented during its closing symposium at DLR, Braunschweig, Germany, December 10 and 11, 2002
89 Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM) Editors E. H. Hirschel/München K. Fujii/Kanagawa W. Haase/München B. van Leer/Ann Arbor M. A. Leschziner/London M. Pandolfi/Torino J. Periaux/Paris A. Rizzi/Stockholm B. Roux/Marseille Y. I. Shokin/Novosibirsk NNFM Editor Addresses Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Hirschel Prof. Dr. Maurizio Pandolfi (General editor) Politecnico di Torino Herzog-Heinrich-Weg 6 Dipartimento di Ingegneria D-85604 Zorneding Aeronautica e Spaziale Germany Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 E-mail: [email protected] I - 10129 Torino Italy Prof. Dr. Kozo Fujii E-mail: [email protected] Space Transportation Research Division The Institute of Space Prof. Dr. Jacques Periaux and Astronautical Science Dassault Aviation 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, 78, Quai Marcel Dassault Kanagawa, 229-8510 F-92552 St. Cloud Cedex Japan France E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Werner Haase Prof. Dr. Arthur Rizzi Höhenkirchener Str. 19d Department of Aeronautics D-85662 Hohenbrunn KTH Royal Institute of Technology Germany Teknikringen 8 E-mail: [email protected] S-10044 Stockholm Sweden Prof. Dr. Bram van Leer E-mail: [email protected] Department of Aerospace Engineering The University of Michigan Dr. Bernard Roux Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140 L3M – IMT La Jetée USA Technopole de Chateau-Gombert E-mail: [email protected] F-13451 Marseille Cedex 20 France Prof. Dr. Michael A. Leschziner E-mail: [email protected] Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Prof. Dr. Yurii I. Shokin Aeronautics Department Siberian Branch of the Prince Consort Road Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Computational London SW7 2BY Technologies U. K. Ac. Lavrentyeva Ave. 6 E-mail: [email protected] 630090 Novosibirsk Russia E-mail: [email protected] MEGAFLOW - Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design Results of the second phase of the German CFD initiative MEGAFLOW, presented during its closing symposium at DLR, Braunschweig, Germany, December 10 and 11, 2002 Norbert Kroll Jens K. Fassbender (Editors) 1 3 Professor Dr. Norbert Kroll Dr.-Ing. Jens K. Fassbender Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft German Aerospace Center Member of the Helmholtz Association Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Lilienthalplatz 7 38108 Braunschweig Germany ISSN 1612-2909 ISBN 3-540-24383-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork ISBN 978-3-540-24383-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2004117724 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Digital data supplied by editors Cover design: deblik Berlin Printed on acid free paper 89/3141/M - 5 4 3 2 1 0 Preface The aerospace industry is increasingly relying on advanced numerical simu- lation tools in the early aircraft design phase. Today, under the pressure of economic and ecological requirements, not a single new aircraft development can be done without the intensive support of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Nevertheless, there is still a great need for improvement of numerical methods, as standards for simulation accuracy and efficiency are constantly risinginindustrialapplications.Moreover,itiscrucialtoreducetheresponse time for complex simulations, although the complexity of relevant geometries and underlying physical flow models are constantly increasing. InordertomeettherequirementsofGermanaircraftindustry,thenational project MEGAFLOW was initiated some years ago under the leadership of DLR. The main goal was to focus and direct development activities carried out in industry, DLR and universities towards industrial needs. The close collaboration between the partners led to the development and validation of a common aerodynamic simulation system providing both a structured and an unstructured prediction capability for complex applications. The software is constantly updated to meet industrial requirements. Inthefirstphaseoftheproject(1996-1998)themainemphasiswasonthe improvement and enhancement of the block-structured grid generator Mega- Cads and the Navier-Stokes solver FLOWer. In the second phase (1999-2002) activitieswerefocusedonthedevelopmentoftheunstructured/hybridNavier- Stokes solver TAU. Due to a comprehensive and cooperative validation effort andqualitycontrolledsoftwaredevelopmentprocesses,bothflowsolvershave reached a high level of maturity and reliability. The MEGAFLOW software is used in the German aeronautic industry and in research organizations for a wide range of applications. At universities the software is used for improve- ments of physical modeling and investigations of specific flow problems. Due to the use of a common software base, the process of transferring latest re- search and technology results into production codes has been considerably accelerated. VI Preface This volume entitled ”MEGAFLOW — Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design” contains results presented during the closing symposium of theprojectwhichtookplaceatDLRinBraunschweig,Germany,onDecember 10thand11th2002.ContributionsarefromDLR,aircraftindustryandseveral universities. The selected papers focus on the activities of the second phase of the project. They give a good overview of the algorithmic features and physical modeling capabilities of the MEGAFLOW software. The prediction capabilities of the software are demonstrated by several validation test cases and large scale applications for aircraft design. During the course of the MEGAFLOW project an efficient and open minded German network with partners from universities, research organiza- tions, the aircraft industry and small enterprises has been created. This net- work has proved of great value for the establishment of numerical simulation as a well recognized and essential tool in the aircraft design process. Based on this network the numerical capabilities for aerodynamic shape design and multidisciplinary optimization will be further developed and improved within the follow-on project MEGADESIGN (2003-2007). Thanks are due to all partners who have contributed in the context of the MEGAFLOW project in an open and collaborative manner. The knowledge and engagement of each individual contributed to the success and world wide appreciation of the MEGAFLOW project and software. Furthermore, the funding of partial activities through the German Gov- ernment in the framework of the air transport research program is gratefully acknowledged. The editors are grateful to Prof. Dr. E. H. Hirschel as the general editor of the Springer series ”Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisci- plinary Design” and also the staff of the Springer Verlag for the opportunity to publish the technical results of the MEGAFLOW project in this series. Braunschweig, Norbert Kroll Oktober 2004 Jens K. Fassbender Contents Part I Grid Generation 1 Hybrid unstructured Grid Generation in MEGAFLOW S. Melber-Wilkending, O. Brodersen, Y. Kallinderis, R. Wilhelm, M. Sutcliffe, J. Wild, A. Ronzheimer ............................... 3 Part II Structured Solver FLOWer 2 Block Structured Navier-Stokes Solver FLOWer Jochen Raddatz, Jens K. Fassbender................................ 27 3 Transition Modeling in FLOWer — Transition Prescription and Prediction A. Krumbein .................................................... 45 4 Turbulence Models in FLOWer B. Eisfeld ....................................................... 63 Part III Hybrid Solver TAU 5 Overview of the Hybrid RANS Code TAU Thomas Gerhold ................................................. 81 6 Algorithmic Developments in TAU Ralf Heinrich, Richard Dwight, Markus Widhalm, Axel Raichle ........ 93 7 Hybrid Grid Adaptation in TAU Thomas Alrutz ..................................................109 8 Turbulence Model Implementation in TAU Keith Weinman..................................................117 VIII Contents 9 G.I.G. — A Flexible User-Interface for CFD-Code Configuration Data Uwe Tapper .....................................................125 Part IV Validation 10 Computation of Aerodynamic Coefficients for Transport Aircraft with MEGAFLOW M. Rakowitz, S. Heinrich, A. Krumbein, B. Eisfeld, M. Sutcliffe .......135 11 Computation of Engine–Airframe Installation Drag Olaf Brodersen ..................................................151 12 Verification of MEGAFLOW-Software for High Lift Applications S. Melber-Wilkending, R. Rudnik, A. Ronzheimer, T. Schwarz.........163 Part V Shape Optimization 13 The Continuous Adjoint Approach in Aerodynamic Shape Optimization N.R. Gauger, J. Brezillon.........................................181 14 Application of the Adjoint Technique with the Optimization Framework Synaps Pointer Pro Jo¨el Brezillon....................................................195 15 Shape Parametrization Using Freeform Deformation Arno Ronzheimer ................................................211 Part VI Contributions of Universities 16 Advanced Turbulence Modelling in Aerodynamic Flow Solvers Martin Franke, Thomas Rung, Frank Thiele .........................225 17 Large-Eddy Simulation of Attached Airfoil Flow Qinyin Zhang, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schro¨der..................241 18 Transition Prediction for 2D and 3D Flows using the TAU-Code and N-Factor Methods C. Nebel, R. Radespiel, R. Haas ...................................251 Contents IX Part VII Exploitation of MEGAFLOW Software 19 Application of the MEGAFLOW Software at DLR R. Rudnik.......................................................269 20 MEGAFLOW for AIRBUS-D — Applications and Requirements Petra Aumann, Klaus Becker......................................283 21 Aerodynamic Analysis of Flapping Airfoil Propulsion at Low Reynolds Numbers Jan Windte, Rolf Radespiel, Matthias Neef, .........................299 Part I Grid Generation
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